Охорона рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України
The study analyzes the experience of introduction and ex situ protection of rare and endangered plant species within the Department of Natural Flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. A new method for ex situ floristic protection based on population modeling in fore...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2026
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| author | Melnyk, Viktor Gaponenko, Mykola Gnatiuk, Alla Gritsenko, Victoria Didenko, Svitlana Baransky, Olexandr Levon, Olexandr Negrash, Julia Kushnir, Natalia Solonenchenko, Yuriy Konakh, Yevheniia Shynder, Oleksandr |
| author_facet | Melnyk, Viktor Gaponenko, Mykola Gnatiuk, Alla Gritsenko, Victoria Didenko, Svitlana Baransky, Olexandr Levon, Olexandr Negrash, Julia Kushnir, Natalia Solonenchenko, Yuriy Konakh, Yevheniia Shynder, Oleksandr |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Viktor Melnyk",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine; National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy, H. Skovorody str. 2, 04070 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Mykola Gaponenko",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Alla Gnatiuk",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Victoria Gritsenko",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Svitlana Didenko",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Olexandr Baransky",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Olexandr Levon",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Julia Negrash",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Natalia Kushnir",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Yuriy Solonenchenko",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Yevheniia Konakh",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Oleksandr Shynder",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
}
] |
| author_sort | Melnyk, Viktor |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-06-15T20:58:48Z |
| description | The study analyzes the experience of introduction and ex situ protection of rare and endangered plant species within the Department of Natural Flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. A new method for ex situ floristic protection based on population modeling in forest and steppe phytocoenoses is proposed.National Botanical Garden (NBG) is the center of ex situ plant protection in Ukraine. Its collection of rare and endangered species, located on 53 hectares within the Department of Natural Flora, is the richest in Ukraine. The plants are cultivated on various phytogeographical plots, including “Lowland Forests of Ukraine”, “Steppes of Ukraine”, “Ukrainian Carpathians”, “Crimea”, “Caucasus”, “Central Asia” “Altai”, “Far East” as well as on the specialized plot “Rare Plants of the Flora of Ukraine.” The collection was established to represent species facing a high risk of extinction in their natural habitats. Of great value are several narrowly distributed Ukrainian endemics, species known from the margins of their geographical ranges or known from single localities, all of which are preserved in this living collection.An important aspect of ex situ plant protection is modeling the populations of rare and endangered species. The unique 80-year-old cultivated forest and steppe phytocoenoses in the NBG closely resemble natural vegetation and provide suitable habitats for many rare and endangered species, forming stable homeostatic introductive populations. The unique achievement of the Department of Natural Flora of the NBG demonstrates the strong potential of plant population modeling for restoring natural ecosystems disturbed by military activities. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2025030 |
| first_indexed | 2026-06-16T01:00:20Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
Plant Introduction, 110, 21–36 (2026) ISSN 1605-6574, e-ISSN 2663-290X
CHRONICLE
Ex situ plant conservation in the Department of Natural Flora of the
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
Viktor Melnyk 1, 2, *, Mykola Gaponenko 1, Alla Gnatiuk 1, Victoria Gritsenko 1, Svitlana Didenko 1,
Olexandr Baransky 1, Olexandr Levon 1, Julia Negrash 1, Natalia Kushnir 1, Yuriy Solonenchenko 1,
Yevheniia Konakh 1, Oleksandr Shynder 1
1 M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* melnykviktor6@gmail.com
2 National University of Kyiv Mohyla Academy, H. Skovorody str. 2, 04070 Kyiv, Ukraine
Received: 22.12.2025 | Accepted: 10.05.2026 | Published: 15.06.2026
Abstract
The study analyzes the experience of introduction and ex situ protection of rare and endangered plant
species within the Department of Natural Flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS
of Ukraine. A new method for ex situ floristic protection based on population modeling in forest and steppe
phytocoenoses is proposed.
National Botanical Garden (NBG) is the center of ex situ plant protection in Ukraine. Its collection of rare
and endangered species, located on 53 hectares within the Department of Natural Flora, is the richest
in Ukraine. The plants are cultivated on various phytogeographical plots, including “Lowland Forests of
Ukraine”, “Steppes of Ukraine”, “Ukrainian Carpathians”, “Crimea”, “Caucasus”, “Central Asia” “Altai”, “Far
East” as well as on the specialized plot “Rare Plants of the Flora of Ukraine.” The collection was established
to represent species facing a high risk of extinction in their natural habitats. Of great value are several
narrowly distributed Ukrainian endemics, species known from the margins of their geographical ranges
or known from single localities, all of which are preserved in this living collection.
An important aspect of ex situ plant protection is modeling the populations of rare and endangered
species. The unique 80-year-old cultivated forest and steppe phytocoenoses in the NBG closely resemble
natural vegetation and provide suitable habitats for many rare and endangered species, forming stable
homeostatic introductive populations. The unique achievement of the Department of Natural Flora of the
NBG demonstrates the strong potential of plant population modeling for restoring natural ecosystems
disturbed by military activities.
Keywords: plant introduction, population modeling, rare plant species, endangered plant species
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2025030
UDC 581.9 + 574.3:502.75 (477-25)
Authors’ contributions: Viktor Melnyk – conceptualization of the study, research observation, data analysis, writing the
manuscript – original draft, editing; Mykola Gaponenko – conceptualization of the study, research observation, data analysis,
editing; Alla Gnatiuk – research observation, data analysis, preparation of the tables, visualization, photographing; Victoria
Gritsenko – research observation, data analysis, visualization, editing; Svitlana Didenko – research observation, data analysis,
preparation of the tables, visualization; Olexandr Baransky – research observation, data analysis, review of literary sources;
Julia Negrash – research observation, data analysis, preparation of the tables; Natalia Kushnir – research observation, data
analysis, preparation of the figures; Olexandr Levon – research observation, data analysis; Yuriy Solonenchenko – research
observation; Yevheniia Konakh – research observation; Oleksandr Shynder – research observation, data analysis, preparation
of the tables, photographing.
Funding: The work has been conducted within the following research programs of the Department of Natural Flora of the
M.M Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: 2020–2024 “Botanical-geographical
principles of protection of floristic diversity and the formation of the introduction populations of plants”; 2025–2029 “Scientific
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8315-8468
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1513-1065
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5001-971X
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-6977
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7673-4674
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9808-1990
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9766
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3095-7538
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-8814
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1111-6904
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6137-0043
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-0873
22 Plant Introduction • 110
Melnyk et al.
Introduction
The development of a scientific background
for floristic conservation is the current
problem in botanical investigations. The
rare and endangered species of natural flora
need special attention. According to the
plant protection strategy (Corlett, 2016),
given the intensive anthropogenic pressure
on ecosystems, the actual task is the in situ
monitoring of populations of rare, endangered,
and endemic species. Meanwhile, according
to Target 8 of the Global Strategy for Plant
Conservation (Sharrock & Jones, 2011), ex situ
plant protection in botanical gardens plays
a major role in the conservation of plants.
This target is very important for Ukraine as
the areas around the Black Sea are among
the main centers of plant diversity in Europe.
The purpose of this paper is to show the
achievements of the Department of Natural
Flora of M.M. Gryshko Botanical Garden of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in
ex situ plant protection.
Material and methods
The study was conducted at the M.M. Gryshko
Botanical Garden of the National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine (NBG), which is located in
the Central part of Kyiv City. The area belongs
to the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, a
temperate climate zone.
The article analyzes inventory data of
the living plant collections during 2020–
2025 on various phytogeographical plots of
the National Botanical Garden, including
“Lowland Forests of Ukraine”, “Steppes of
Ukraine”, “Ukrainian Carpathians”, “Crimea”,
“Caucasus”, “Central Asia”, “Altai”, “Far East”
as well as on the specialized plot “Rare
Plants of the Flora of Ukraine”. То the list
of protected species at Department of
Natural Flora included taxa from: Red Book
of Ukraine (MEPNRU, 2021); Appendix to the
Berne Convention (1979); lists of regionally
rare species protected in the city of Kyiv and
Kyiv region (Kyiv City Council, 2000, 2004;
Kyiv Oblast Council, 2012); Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of
Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, 2025); IUCN Red
List of Threatened Species (IUCN, 2025). The
diversity of protected plants of the Caucasus
flora, which grow оn the phytogeographical
area of the same name, was separately
analyzed, taking into account the Red Books
of Armenia (Tamanjan, 2011), Azerbaijan
(Aliyev, 2013), and Georgia (Nikolaev, 1982).
The names of taxa are given in accordance
with the conservation lists.
Observations of the state of introduced
populations were carried out using traditional
methods (Zaimenko & Rakhmetov, 2022).
Results and discussion
In 1956, prominent Ukrainian botanist
Sigizmund Kharkevich proposed to organize
plant conservation in botanical gardens
by establishing collections of rare species
(Kotov & Kharkevich, 1956). In 1970, this
initiative was implemented and, for the first
time in Ukraine, a dedicated plot for rare and
endangered plant species of the Ukrainian
flora was created at the Central Botanical
Garden of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences
(now the NBG).
Today, NBG is the largest ex situ plant
protection center in Ukraine. The collection
of rare and endangered species on the “Rare
Plants of the Flora of Ukraine” plot includes
142 species, among them 108 rare and
threatened species listed in the Red Book of
Ukraine (Didukh, 2009; MEPNRU, 2021).
In the NBG, rare and endangered species
are represented not only on the plot “Rare
plants of the flora of Ukraine”, but also across
several phytogeographical plots, including
“Lowland forests of Ukraine”, “Steppes of
Ukraine”, “Ukrainian Carpаthians”, “Crimea”,
“Caucasus”, “Central Asia”, “Altai” and “Far
East”, which together cover 52 ha (Zaimenko
& Rakhmetov, 2022). In total (Table 1),
the living plant collection across these
foundations of ex situ floristic diversity protection in the context of climate change and optimization of landscape ecosystems
in a disturbed natural environment”.
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Plant Introduction • 110 23
Ex situ plant conservation in the Department of Natural Flora of the National Botanical Garden
No. Species / infraspecies RBU BC K CITES IUCN
1 Acer mandshuricum Maxim. - - - - +
2 Acer pentapomicum Stewart ex Brand - - - - +
3 Acer platanoides subsp. turkestanicum (Pax) P.C.de Jong - - - - +
4 Aconitum lasiocarpum (Rchb.) Gayer + + - - +
5 Adonis vernalis L. + - + + +
6 Adonis wolgensis Steven + - - - -
7 Allium aflatunense B.Fedtsch - - - - +
8 Allium decipiens Fisch. ex Schult. & Schult.f. - - - - +
9 Allium lineare L. + - - - +
10 Allium obliquum L. + - - - +
11 Allium siculum subsp. dioscoridis (Sm.) K.Richt. + - - - -
12 Allium strictum Schard. + - - - -
13 Allium ursinum L. + - - - +
14 Allium schoenoprasum L. - - - - +
15 Allium ramosum L. - - - - +
16 Alnus incana L. - - + - +
17 Amygdalus nana L. (Prunus tenella Batsch) - - + - +
18 Anacamptis morio (L.) R.M.Bateman + - - + +
19 Anacamptis picta (Loisel.) R.M.Bateman + - - + -
20 Anacamptis pyramidalis (L.) Rich. + - - + +
21 Anemone sylvestris L. - - + - -
22 Aquilegia vulgaris L. - - + - +
23 Arum albispathum Steven ex Ledeb. + - - - -
24 Arum besserianum Schott - - + - -
25 Arum orientale M.Bieb. + - - - -
26 Arundo donax L. - - - - +
27 Asphodelinе lutea L. + - - - -
28 Asplenium scolopendrium L. (Phyllitis scolopendrium (L.) Newm) - - + - +
29 Asplenium trichomanes L. - - + - -
30 Atocion hypanicum (Klokov) Tzvelev (Silene hypanica Klokov) + - - - -
31 Bellevalia sarmatica (Pall. ex Georgi) Woronow (B. speciosa
Woronow ex Grossh.)
- - + - -
32 Betula dahurica Pall. - - - - +
33 Betula klokovii Zaver. + - - - +
34 Campanula carpatica Jacq. + - - - -
35 Carex bohemica Schreb. + - - - -
36 Carlina cirsioides Klokov + - - - -
37 Celtis caucasica Willd. - - - - +
Table 1. Protected plants in the Department of Natural Flora at M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
of the NAS of Ukraine.
24 Plant Introduction • 110
Melnyk et al.
No. Species / infraspecies RBU BC K CITES IUCN
38 Cephalaria litvinovii Bobrov + - - - -
39 Cerastium biebersteinii DC. + - - - -
40 Cerasus fruticosa (Pall.) Woron. (Prunus fruticosa Pall.) - - + - +
41 Cerasus klokovii Sobko (Prunus fruticosa auct. non Pall.) + - - - +
42 Chamaecytisus graniticus (Rehmann) Rothm. + - - - -
43 Chamaecytisus podolicus (Błocki) Klask. + - - - -
44 Clematis integrifolia L. - - + - -
45 Colchicum autumnale L. + - - - +
46 Colchicum fominii Bordz. + + - - +
47 Colchicum triphyllum Kunzes.l. + - - - -
48 Colchicum umbrosum Steven + - - - -
49 Colchicum versicolor Ker Gawl. (Bulbocodium versicolor (Ker Gawl.) Spreng.) + - - - -
50 Convallaria majalis L. - - + - +
51 Corydalis cava (L.) Schweig & Koerte - - + - -
52 Corydalis cava subsp. marschalliana (Willd.) Hayek (C. marshalliana Pers.) – - + - -
53 Corylus colurna L. - - - +
54 Crambe koktebelica (Junge) N.Busch. + + - - +
55 Crambe maritima L. + - - - +
56 Crambe tataria Sebeok + + - - +
57 Crataegus ambigua C.A.Mey. ex A.K.Becker - - - - +
58 Crataegus pentagyna Waldst. & Kit. - - + - +
59 Crataegus pojarkovae Kossych + - - - -
60 Crataegus meyeri Pojark (Crataegus ucrainica Pojark) - - - - +
61 Crataegus pontica K.Koch - - - - +
62 Crataegus submollis Sarg. - - - - +
63 Crocus angustifolius West. + - - - -
64 Crocus banaticus J.Gay. + - - - -
65 Crocus heuffelianus Herb. + - - - -
66 Crocus reticulatus Steven ex Adam + - - - -
67 Crocus speciosus M.Bieb. + - - - -
68 Cyclamen coum Mill. s.l. (C. kuznetzovii Kotov & Czernowa) + + - + +
69 Cydonia oblonga Mill. - - - - +
70 Cypripedium calceolus L. + + - + +
71 Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó + - - + +
72 Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó + - - + +
73 Dactylorhiza majalis (Reichenb.f.) Nunt & Summer. + - - + +
74 Dactylorhiza sambucina (L.) Soó + - - + +
75 Daphne cneorum L. + - - - -
76 Daphne mezereum L. - - + - +
Table 1. Continued.
Plant Introduction • 110 25
Ex situ plant conservation in the Department of Natural Flora of the National Botanical Garden
No. Species / infraspecies RBU BC K CITES IUCN
77 Daphne sophia Kolenicz. + - - - -
78 Delphinium elatum L. + - - - -
79 Delphinium pallasii Nevski + - - - -
80 Delphinium sergii Wissjul. + - - - -
81 Dianthus hypanicus Andrz. + + - - +
82 Dictamnus albus L. + - - - +
83 Diаnthus gratianopolitanus Vill. + - - - -
84 Draba aizoides L. + - - - -
85 Dracocephalum ruyschiana L. + + - - +
86 Echinops exaltatus Schrad. + - - - -
87 Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz + - - + +
88 Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz + - - + +
89 Eremurus spectabilis M.Bieb. + - - - -
90 Erythronium dens-canis L. + - - - -
91 Euonimus nana Bieb. + - - - -
92 Euphorbia volhynica Besser ex Racib. + - - - -
93 Festuca heterophylla Lam. + - - - +
94 Festuca pallens Host. + - - - -
95 Fraxinus ornus L. + - - - +
96 Fraxinus sogdiana Bunge - - - - +
97 Fritillaria grandiflora Grossh. - - - - +
98 Fritillaria meleagris L. + - - - -
99 Fritillaria montana Hoppe + - - - +
100 Fritillaria ruthenica Wikstr. + - - - -
101 Gagea pusilla (F.W.Schmidt) Schult. & Schult. f. - - + - -
102 Gagea transversalis Steven (G. paczoskii (Zapal.) Grossh.) - - + - -
103 Galanthus × alleni Baker - - - + -
104 Galanthus alpinus Sosnowsky - - - + -
105 Galanthus angustifolius Koss - - - + -
106 Galanthus elwesii Hook. fil. + - - - -
107 Galanthus krasnovii A.P.Khokhr. - - - + -
108 Galanthus lagodechianus Kem.-Nath. - - - + -
109 Galanthus nivalis L. + - - - +
110 Galanthus plicatus M.Bieb. + - - - +
111 Galanthus woronowii Losinsk. - - - + -
112 Genistella sagittalis (L.) Gams (Genista sagittalis L.) + - - - +
113 Geranium phaeum L. - - + - -
114 Gladiolus imbricatus L. + - + - -
115 Gladiolus tenuis M.Bieb. + - - - -
Table 1. Continued.
26 Plant Introduction • 110
Melnyk et al.
No. Species / infraspecies RBU BC K CITES IUCN
116 Glaucum flavum Crantz + - - - -
117 Glechoma hirsuta Waldst. & Kit. - - - - +
118 Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br. + - - + +
119 Gymnospermium odessanum (DC.) Takht. + - - - -
120 Hepatica nobilis Mill. - - + - +
121 Hyacinthella leucophaea (Koch) Schur - - + - -
122 Inula helenium L. - - + - +
123 Iris hungarica Waldst. & Kit. - + + - -
124 Iris pineticola Klokov + - - - -
125 Iris pontica Zapał. + - - - -
126 Iris pumila L. - - + - -
127 Iris pseudacorus L. - - + - -
128 Iris sibirica L. + - + - -
129 Isopyrum thalictroides L. - - + - -
130 Juglans regia L. - - - - +
131 Juniperus communis L. - - + - +
132 Juniperus exelsa M.Bieb. + - - - +
133 Juniperus foetidissima Willd. + - - - +
134 Larix dahurica Turcz. ex Trautv. (L. gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen.) - - - - +
135 Larix polonica Racib. (L. decidua var. polonica (Racib. ex Wóycicki)
Ostenf. & Syrach)
+ - - - +
136 Juniperus sabina L. - - - - +
137 Leucojum aestivum L. + - - - +
138 Leucojum vernum L. + - - - +
139 Lilium martagon L. + - - - -
140 Listera ovata (L.) R.Br. (Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh.) + - - + +
141 Lonicera caerulea L. + - - - +
142 Lunaria rediviva L. + - - - -
143 Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. - - - - +
144 Malus niedzwetzkyana Dieck ex Koehne - - - - +
145 Malus sieversii (Ledeb.) M.Roem. - - - - +
146 Melica transsilvanica Schur - - + - -
147 Muscari neglectum Guss - - + - -
148 Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Roth (Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod.) - - + - +
149 Onosma polyphylla Ledeb. + + - - +
150 Orchis purpurea Нuds. + - - + +
151 Ornithogalum boucheanum (Kunth) Aschers. + - - - -
152 Ornithogalum umbellatum L. – - + - -
153 Paeonia daurica Andrews + - - - -
Table 1. Continued.
Plant Introduction • 110 27
Ex situ plant conservation in the Department of Natural Flora of the National Botanical Garden
Species / infraspecies RBU BC K CITES IUCN
154 Paeonia tenuifolia L. + + - - +
155 Phelypaea coccinea (M.Bieb.) Poir. (Orobanche coccinea M.Bieb.) + - - - -
156 Picea abies (L.) Karst. - - + - +
157 Picea schrenkiana Fisch. & Mey. - - - - +
158 Pinus cembra L. + - - - +
159 Pinus koraiensis Siebold & Zucc. - - - - +
160 Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. + - - + +
161 Platanthera chlorantha (Cust.) Rchb. + - - + +
162 Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco - - - - +
163 Polystichum braunii (Spenn.) Fée - - + - +
164 Primula farinosa L. + - - - +
165 Primula veris L. - - + - +
166 Prunus armeniaca L. - - - - +
167 Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. - - - - +
168 Pulsatilla patens Wend. s.l. (P. latifolia Rupr.) + + + - +
169 Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. + - - - -
170 Quercus petraea (Mattuschka) Liebl. - - + - +
171 Rhododendron luteum Sweet - - + - +
172 Rosa spinosissima L. - - + - -
173 Salix arbutifolia Pall. (Chosenia arbutifolia (Pall.) A.Skvorts.) - - - - +
174 Salvia scabiosifolia Lam. + - - - -
175 Schivereckia podolica (Besser) Andrz. ex DC. (Draba podolica (Besser) Rupr.) + + - - +
176 Scilla bifolia L. _ - + - +
177 Scilla siberica Haw. _ _ + - -
178 Scopolia carniolica Jacq. + - - - +
179 Scutellaria altissima L. - - + - -
180 Securigera elegans (Pančić) Lassen + - - - -
181 Sempervivum globiferum L. (Jovibarba sobolifera (Sims) Opiz) + - - - -
182 Sempervivum marmoreum Griseb. + - - - +
183 Sempervivum montanum L. (incl. S. carpathicum Wettst. ex Prodan) + - - - -
184 Silenanthe zawadskii (Herbich) Griseb. & Schenk + - - - -
185 Silene sytnikii Krytzka, Novosad & Protopopova + - - - -
186 Silene viridiflora L. + - - - -
187 Sophora alopecuroides L. + - - - -
188 Spiraea polonica Błocki + - - - -
189 Staphylea pinnata L. + - - - +
190 Sternbergia colchiciflora Waldst. & Kit. + - - - +
191 Stipa capillata L. + - - - -
192 Stipa pennata L. + - - - -
Table 1. Continued.
28 Plant Introduction • 110
Melnyk et al.
phytogeographical plots and the “Rare plants
of the flora of Ukraine” plot consists of
1251 species and infraspecies, including 211
rare and endangered representatives. The
collection includes 126 species listed in the
Red Book of Ukraine (Didukh, 2009; MEPNRU,
2021), 43 species that are protected in the
Kyiv City and Kyiv Region, 14 species listed
in the Annexes of the Bern Convention, 24
species included in CITES, and 112 species on
the IUCN Red List (Table 1).
Thus, the NBG holds unique living
collections of rare species in Ukraine and
serves as the country’s largest center for
ex situ plant conservation. The primary goal
in establishing these collections has been to
preserve and represent species at high risk of
extinction in their natural habitats. Endemics
occurring in the flora of Ukraine (e.g., Atocion
hypanicum and Euphorbia wolhynica), species
known from only a few localities in Ukraine
(e.g., Iris germanica and Lonicera caerulea),
and species occurring at the margins of their
natural ranges (e.g., Aconitum lasiocarpum,
Galanthus plicatus, and Fritillaria montana)
are of particular phytosozological importance
(Melnyk, 2014).
An important aspect of ex situ plant
protection is modeling the populations of
rare and endangered species in cultivated
phytocoenoses. Phytogeographical principles
of the foundation collection of living plants
permit the representation not only of some
species of natural flora, but also the plant
Species / infraspecies RBU BC K CITES IUCN
193 Succisella inflexa (Kluk) G.Beck + - - - -
194 Syringa josikaea Jacq.f. + + - - +
195 Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. - - - - +
196 Tamarix szovitsiana Bunge - - - - +
197 Taxus baccata L. + - - - +
198 Taxus cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. - - - + +
199 Torminalis glaberrima (Gand.) Sennikov & Kurtto + - - - -
200 Trifolium lupinaster L. + - - - -
201 Trifolium rubens L. + - - - -
202 Tulipa bifloriformis Vved. - - - - +
203 Tulipa fosteriana W.Irving - - - - +
204 Tulipa kaufmanniana Regel - - - - +
205 Tulipa micheliana Hoog - - - - +
206 Tulipa ophiophylla Klokov & Zoz (T. biebersteiniana Schult.f. s.l.) + - - - -
207 Tulipa praestans H.B.May - - - - +
208 Tulipa quercetorum Klokov & Zoz. (T. biebersteiniana Schult.f. s.l.) + - - - -
209 Tulipa schrenkii Regel (T. gesneriana L. s.l.) + - - - -
210 Tulipa urumiensis Stapf - - - - +
211 Viola alba Besser + - - - -
Total 126 14 43 24 112
Table 1. Continued.
Note. RBU – Red Book of Ukraine (MEPNRU, 2021); BC – Appendix to the Berne Convention (1979);
K – lists of regionally rare species protected in the city of Kyiv City and Kyiv Region (Kyiv City
Council, 2000, 2004; Kyiv Oblast Council, 2012); CITES – Convention on International Trade in
Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, 2025); IUCN – IUCN Red List of Threatened
Species (IUCN, 2025).
Plant Introduction • 110 29
Ex situ plant conservation in the Department of Natural Flora of the National Botanical Garden
communities with phytocoenotic relations
among the species. The phytogeographical
plots “Lowland Forests of Ukraine”, “Steppes
of Ukraine”, “Ukrainian Carpathians”, and
“Crimea”, established in the 1940s, have
now developed into 80-year-old cultivated
forest and steppe phytocoenoses that
closely resemble natural ecosystems in their
structure.
Rare species of the Ukrainian flora −
Allium ursinum, Galanthus elwesii, Galanthus
nivalis, Galanthus plicatus, Dictamnus
albus, Ornithogalum boucheanum, Scopolia
carniolica, Staphylea pinnata, and Tulipa
quercetorum on the “Lowland Forests of
Ukraine” plot; Euonymus nanus, Lunaria
rediviva, Scopolia carniolica, and Syringa
josikaea on the “Ukrainian Carpathians” plot;
Adonis vernalis (Gritsenko, 2023), Crocus
reticulatus (Gritsenko, 2020), Gymnospermium
odessanum (Gritsenko, 2022), and Paeonia
tenuifolia on the “Steppes of Ukraine” plot;
Asphodeline lutea, Crocus speciosus, and
Salvia scabiosifolia on the “Crimea” plot; and
Colchicum autumnale, Crocus angustifolius,
Leucojum vernum, Epipactis helleborine,
E. palustris (Gnatiuk, 2024; Gnatiuk et al.,
2024) on the “Rare Plants of the Flora
of Ukraine” plot − have found favorable
conditions for growth and development in
the NBG (Table 2). These species have formed
stable, homeostatic introductive populations
whose age structures (Fig. 1) closely resemble
those of their natural populations in forest
and steppe ecosystems of Ukraine (Melnyk
et al., 2018).
Overall, our experience demonstrates that
modeling populations of rare and endangered
species within cultivated forest and steppe
phytocoenoses is an effective method for
ex situ conservation of plant diversity.
Our achievements in ex situ plant
conservation in Ukraine demonstrate
the effectiveness of this approach. The
successful introduction of plant species
from the Caucasus, Central Asia, the Altai
Mountains, and the Far East − and the
subsequent modeling of the vegetation of
these regions within the phytogeographical
plots of the National Botanical Garden −
indicates that ex situ conservation of plant
species from outside Ukraine can also be
highly effective. Particularly noteworthy is
the experience gained in introducing and
conserving Caucasian plant species ex situ.
The phytogeographical plot “Caucasus” was
established in the botanical garden on an area
of 6 ha (Kharkevich, 1962, 1966).
Over many years, up to 1973, the curator of
the “Caucasus” plot introduced approximately
1,600 species of Caucasian flora. Many of these
species − primarily those from deserts, arid
sparse forests, and alpine meadows − did not
survive. In contrast, species originating from
mountain forest and steppe communities have
thrived and continue to grow successfully
in the “Caucasus” plot to the present day.
Currently, the collection in the “Caucasus”
plot comprises 441 Caucasian plant species
and infraspecies (Shynder, 2015; Didenko &
Shynder, 2023), including 45 species listed in
the Red Data Books of Armenia, Azerbaijan,
and Georgia (Table 3).
The unique 80-year-old cultivated forest
and steppe phytocoenoses in the NBG
are suitable habitats for many rare and
endangered species of Caucasian flora. Rare
forest species such as Arum rupicola, Cyclamen
coum, Dioscorea caucasica, Epimedium
pinnatum, Erythronium caucasicum, Fritillaria
grandiflora, Galanthus alpinus, Galanthus
woronowii, Helleborus caucasicus, Lilium
Plot Total number of species Number of species listed in the Red Book
of Ukraine (Didukh, 2009; MEPNRU, 2021)
Rare plants of the flora of Ukraine 142 108
Lowland forests of Ukraine 360 23
Steppes of Ukraine 347 20
Ukrainian Carpathians 260 17
Crimea 248 17
Table 2. Floristic diversity of Ukraine represented ex situ on the phytogeographical plots and on the “Rare
Plants of the Flora of Ukraine” plot of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine.
30 Plant Introduction • 110
Melnyk et al.
monadelphum, Paeonia caucasica, Staphylea
colchica, Taxus baccata and rare steppe species
such as Adonis vernalis, Crambe cordifolia,
Crocus reticulatus, Eremurus spectabilis, Iris
aphylla, Paeonia tenuifolia have formed stable
introductive populations with homeostatic age
structure over many years, closely resembling
the populations of this species in natural
habitats (Melnyk & Didenko, 2020).
Thus, the “Caucasus” plot in the NBG
represents a unique center for plant
introduction and plays an important role in
the ex situ conservation of Caucasian flora.
Of particular phytosociological significance is
the introductive population of the narrowly
distributed endemic Fritillaria grandiflora
from the Talysh Mountains, which naturally
occurs at a single locality near Lerik village
in Azerbaijan. In 1959, Sigizmund Kharkevich
collected planting material of this species
from its natural habitat and introduced it into
the “Caucasus” plot of the botanical garden.
Fritillaria grandiflora has adapted well to the
climatic conditions in Kyiv and now forms a
stable, homeostatic population with a complete
ontogenetic spectrum within artificial
BA
DC
FE
Figure 1. Spectra of ontogenetic states of of introductive populations on the plots at the Department of
Natural Flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: A – Crocus speciosus on
the plot “Crimea”; B – Paeonia tenuifolia on the plot “Steppes of Ukraine”; C – Scopolia carniolica on the plot
“Ukrainian Carpathians”; D – S. carniolica on the plot “Lowland forests of Ukraine”; E – Fritillaria grandis on
the plot “Caucasus”; F – Colchicum autumnale on the plot “Rare Plants of the Flora of Ukraine”. Ontogenetic
states: p – seedlings; j – juvenile plants; im – immature plants; v – virginal plants; g – generative plants;
ss – subsenile plants.
Plant Introduction • 110 31
Ex situ plant conservation in the Department of Natural Flora of the National Botanical Garden
No. Species Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan
1 Acer ibericum М.Bieb. + - -
2 Anemone ranunculoides L. - + -
3 Arum rupicola Boiss. - + -
4 Asperula taurine (Pobed.) Ehrend. - + -
5 Buxus colchica Pojark. + - +
6 Castanea sativa Mill. + + +
7 Clematis vitalba L. - + -
8 Corydalis marschalliana (Pall. ex Willd.) Pers. - + -
9 Corylus colurna L. + + +
10 Dioscorea caucasica Lipsky + - -
11 Erythronium caucasicum Woronow + - -
12 Fritillaria grandiflora Grossh. - - +
13 Gagea lutea (L.) Ker Gawl. - + -
14 Galanthus alpinus Sosnowsky - + -
15 Galanthus lagodechianus Kem.-Nath. - + -
16 Gleditsia caspica Desf. - - +
17 Gymnospermium smirnowii (Trautv.) Takht. + - -
18 Hippophae rhamnoides L. + - -
19 Iridodictium reticulata M.Bieb - - +
20 Juglans regia L. + - -
21 Juniperus foetidissima Willd. + - +
22 Juniperus sabina L. - + -
23 Lilium caucasicum (Miscz. ex Grossh.) Grossh. + - -
24 Lilium monadelphum M.Bieb + - -
25 Pachyphragma macrophyllum (Hoffm.) N.Busch - + -
26 Padus avium Mill. - - +
27 Paeonia mlokosewitschii Lomakin + - +
28 Paeonia tenuifolia L. - + -
29 Paeonia wittmanniana Hartwiss ex Lindl. + - -
30 Parrotia persica (DС.) C.A.Mey - - +
31 Phedimus stoloniferus (S.G.Gmel.) 't Hart - + -
32 Pinus kochiana Klotzsch ex K.Koch - - +
33 Primula vulgaris L. - + -
34 Pterocarya pterocarpa (Michx.) Kunth ex Iljinsk. + - +
35 Quercus castaneifolia C.A.Mey - - +
36 Quercus imeretina Steven ex Woronow + - -
37 Quercus macranthera Fisch. & C.A.Mey. + - -
38 Rhododendron luteum Sweet - - +
39 Staphylea colchica Steven + - -
Table 3. Plant species of the Caucasus flora listed in the Red Books of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan.
32 Plant Introduction • 110
Melnyk et al.
broadleaf forests. This population occupies an
area of 30 m2, with a density ranging from 10 to
65 individuals per m2 (Melnyk & Didenko, 2020).
Thanks to successful population modeling of
Fritillaria grandiflora, the conservation of this
narrowly distributed endemic of the Caucasian
flora has improved significantly. Today, there
is more than one population in the world.
One of them is the one created by scientists
of the NBG. This achievement of Ukrainian
botanists is a testimony to the international
importance of ex situ plant protection through
modeling plant populations within artificial
phytocoenoses.
The catastrophic expansion of areas for
intensive economic use − including forest
logging, wetland drainage, afforestation of
steppe slopes, quarrying and waste dumps,
construction sites, and, most devastatingly, the
destruction of landscapes caused by military
actions of Russian occupation forces − has
threatened the survival of rare species in their
natural habitats. To prevent the loss of unique
floristic diversity, it is essential not only to
establish new protected areas but also to form
plant populations within forest and steppe
phytocoenoses (Figs. 2 & 3). The experience
gained in plant population modeling and
the unique living plant collections of the
Department of Natural Flora at the National
Botanical Garden can serve as a scientific
foundation for the post-war restoration of
landscape ecosystems.
Conclusions
Based on the analysis of the rare component
of the living plant collections on the
phytogeographical plots “Lowland Forests
of Ukraine,” “Steppes of Ukraine,” “Ukrainian
Carpathians,” “Crimea,” “Caucasus,” “Middle
Asia,” “Altai,” and “Far East,” which together
cover an area of 52 ha, as well as in the “Rare
Plants of the Flora of Ukraine” plot in the
Department of Natural Flora at the NBG, it
was established that the collection includes
126 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine,
43 species are protected in the Kyiv City
and Kyiv Region, 24 species listed under the
CITES Convention, 14 species included in the
Appendices of the Bern Convention, and 112
species listed in the IUCN Red List. Hence, the
Department of Natural Flora of the NBG is the
largest center for ex situ plant conservation in
Ukraine.
Since the collection was established to
represent species at high risk of extinction
in their natural habitats, particular value
is attributed to the narrowly distributed
endemics, species known from single localities,
and those occurring at the margins of their
geographical ranges that are included in the
living collection. Notable examples include
Aconitum lasiocarpum, Euphorbia volhynica,
Iris germanica, Fritillaria grandiflora,
F. montana, Galanthus elwesii, G. plicatus, and
Lonicera caerulea.
An important aspect of ex situ plant
protection is the modeling of the populations
of rare and endangered species. The unique
80-year-old cultivated forest and steppe
phytocoenoses in the Department of Natural
Flora of the NBG provide suitable habitats
for many rare and endangered species.
Rare forest and steppe species (i.e., Adonis
vernalis, Crocus reticulatus, Euonymus nanus,
Galanthus elwesii, G. nivalis, G. plicatus,
Gymnospermium odessanum, Leucojum
vernum, Lunaria rediviva, Paeonia tenuifolia,
No. Species Georgia Armenia Azerbaijan
40 Staphylea pinnata L. + + -
41 Taxus baccata L. + + +
42 Telekia speciosa (Schreb.) Baumg. - - +
43 Tulipa biebersteiniana Schult.f. + - +
44 Ulmus glabra Huds. + - -
45 Ulmus minor Mill + - -
Total 23 17 17
Table 3. Continued.
Plant Introduction • 110 33
Ex situ plant conservation in the Department of Natural Flora of the National Botanical Garden
BA
DC
Figure 2. Protected herbaceous plants in the Department of Natural Flora at M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. A – Euphorbia volhynica, endemic of Ukrainian flora; B – Lonicera
caerulea, species known from a single locality in Ukraine; C – Iris germanica, species known from a single
locality іn Ukraine; D – Atocion hypanicum, endemic of Ukrainian flora; E – Osmunda regalis, species known
from a single locality in Ukraine; F – Fritillaria grandiflora, species known from a single locality and endemic
of the Caucasian flora.
FE
34 Plant Introduction • 110
Melnyk et al.
BA
Figure 3. Protected woody plants of Carpathians flora in the Department of Natural Flora at M.M. Gryshko
National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. A – Fraxinus ornus, species known from a single locality
in Ukraine; B – Syringa josikaea, endemic of the Carpathian flora.
Staphylea pinnata, and Tulipa quercetorum),
as well as rare species of Caucasian flora (i.e.,
Erytronium caucasicum, Fritillaria grandiflora,
Galanthus caucasicum, G. woronowii,
Helleborus caucasicus, Paeonia caucasica,
and Staphylea colсhicа) have formed stable
introductive populations with homeostatic
age structures closely resembling those of
their populations in natural habitats.
The unique achievements of the NBG
provide strong evidence of the potential of
plant population modeling in cultivated forest
and steppe phytocoenoses for the ex situ
conservation of floristic diversity, particularly
for the restoration of landscape ecosystems
following severe destruction caused by
military actions of occupying forces.
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36 Plant Introduction • 110
Melnyk et al.
1 Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Садово-Ботанічна, 1, Київ,
01103, Україна; * melnykviktor6@gmail.com
2 Національний університет “Києво-Могилянська академія”, вул. Г. Сковороди, 2, Київ, 04070, Україна
Проаналізовано досвід інтродукції та охорони рідкісних і зникаючих видів рослин ex situ у відділі
природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України. Запропоновано
новий метод флористичної охорони ex situ шляхом моделювання популяцій у лісових та степових
фітоценозах.
Національний ботанічний сад (НБС) є центром захисту рослин ex situ в Україні. Колекція рідкісних та
зникаючих видів на фітогеографічних ділянках “Ліси рівнинної частини України”, “Степи України”,
“Українські Карпати”, “Крим”, “Кавказ”, “Центральна Азія”, “Алтай”, “Далекий Схід” та на ділянці
“Рідкісні рослини флори України” на площі 53 га у відділі природної флори НБС є найбагатшою
в Україні. Ця колекція була створена з метою представлення видів рослин з високим ризиком
зникнення з природних середовищ існування. Велику цінність мають представлені в нашій колекції
живих рослин деякі вузькі українські ендеміки, види, відомі з меж їхніх географічних ареалів або з
окремих місцезнаходжень.
Важливим аспектом захисту рослин ex situ є моделювання популяцій рідкісних та зникаючих
видів. Унікальні 80-річні культивовані лісові та степові фітоценози у НБС дуже схожі на природну
рослинність і є придатними середовищами існування для багатьох рідкісних та зникаючих видів, які
сформували стабільні гомеостатичні інтродукційні популяції. Ці досягнення відділу природної флори
НБС є вагомим свідченням перспективності моделювання популяцій рослин з метою відновлення
природних екосистем, порушених військовими діями.
Ключові слова: інтродукція рослин, моделювання популяцій, рідкісні види рослин, зникаючі види рослин
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| id | www-plantintroduction-org-article-1703 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-06-16T01:00:20Z |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/c8/6528c6e757e5cda21c087f36c615adc8.pdf |
| spelling | www-plantintroduction-org-article-17032026-06-15T20:58:48Z Ex situ plant conservation in the Department of Natural Flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine Охорона рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України Melnyk, Viktor Gaponenko, Mykola Gnatiuk, Alla Gritsenko, Victoria Didenko, Svitlana Baransky, Olexandr Levon, Olexandr Negrash, Julia Kushnir, Natalia Solonenchenko, Yuriy Konakh, Yevheniia Shynder, Oleksandr The study analyzes the experience of introduction and ex situ protection of rare and endangered plant species within the Department of Natural Flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. A new method for ex situ floristic protection based on population modeling in forest and steppe phytocoenoses is proposed.National Botanical Garden (NBG) is the center of ex situ plant protection in Ukraine. Its collection of rare and endangered species, located on 53 hectares within the Department of Natural Flora, is the richest in Ukraine. The plants are cultivated on various phytogeographical plots, including “Lowland Forests of Ukraine”, “Steppes of Ukraine”, “Ukrainian Carpathians”, “Crimea”, “Caucasus”, “Central Asia” “Altai”, “Far East” as well as on the specialized plot “Rare Plants of the Flora of Ukraine.” The collection was established to represent species facing a high risk of extinction in their natural habitats. Of great value are several narrowly distributed Ukrainian endemics, species known from the margins of their geographical ranges or known from single localities, all of which are preserved in this living collection.An important aspect of ex situ plant protection is modeling the populations of rare and endangered species. The unique 80-year-old cultivated forest and steppe phytocoenoses in the NBG closely resemble natural vegetation and provide suitable habitats for many rare and endangered species, forming stable homeostatic introductive populations. The unique achievement of the Department of Natural Flora of the NBG demonstrates the strong potential of plant population modeling for restoring natural ecosystems disturbed by military activities. Проаналізовано досвід інтродукції та охорони рідкісних і зникаючих видів рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України. Запропоновано новий метод флористичної охорони ex situ шляхом моделювання популяцій у лісових та степових фітоценозах.Національний ботанічний сад (НБС) є центром захисту рослин ex situ в Україні. Колекція рідкісних та зникаючих видів на фітогеографічних ділянках “Ліси рівнинної частини України”, “Степи України”, “Українські Карпати”, “Крим”, “Кавказ”, “Центральна Азія”, “Алтай”, “Далекий Схід” та на ділянці “Рідкісні рослини флори України” на площі 53 га у відділі природної флори НБС є найбагатшою в Україні. Ця колекція була створена з метою представлення видів рослин з високим ризиком зникнення з природних середовищ існування. Велику цінність мають представлені в нашій колекції живих рослин деякі вузькі українські ендеміки, види, відомі з меж їхніх географічних ареалів або з окремих місцезнаходжень.Важливим аспектом захисту рослин ex situ є моделювання популяцій рідкісних та зникаючих видів. Унікальні 80-річні культивовані лісові та степові фітоценози у НБС дуже схожі на природну рослинність і є придатними середовищами існування для багатьох рідкісних та зникаючих видів, які сформували стабільні гомеостатичні інтродукційні популяції. Ці досягнення відділу природної флори НБС є вагомим свідченням перспективності моделювання популяцій рослин з метою відновлення природних екосистем, порушених військовими діями. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2026-06-15 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1703 10.46341/PI2025030 Plant Introduction; No 110 (2026): Early view; 21-36 Інтродукція Рослин; № 110 (2026): Early view; 21-36 2663-290X 1605-6574 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1703/1590 Copyright (c) 2026 Viktor Melnyk, Mykola Gaponenko, Alla Gnatiuk, Victoria Gritsenko, Svitlana Didenko, Olexandr Baransky, Olexandr Levon, Julia Negrash, Natalia Kushnir, Yuriy Solonenchenko, Yevheniia Konakh, Oleksandr Shynder http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Melnyk, Viktor Gaponenko, Mykola Gnatiuk, Alla Gritsenko, Victoria Didenko, Svitlana Baransky, Olexandr Levon, Olexandr Negrash, Julia Kushnir, Natalia Solonenchenko, Yuriy Konakh, Yevheniia Shynder, Oleksandr Охорона рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title | Охорона рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_alt | Ex situ plant conservation in the Department of Natural Flora of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| title_full | Охорона рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_fullStr | Охорона рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_full_unstemmed | Охорона рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_short | Охорона рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України |
| title_sort | охорона рослин ex situ у відділі природної флори національного ботанічного саду імені м.м. гришка нан україни |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1703 |
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