Відділ дендрології Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: здобутки та перспективи досліджень
The Department of Dendrology traditionally conducts research on the biology, ecology, breeding, and cultivation of introduced and native woody plants, with an emphasis on their stability. Observations are carried out on a stationary basis in the systematic collections of the Arboretum of the M.M.&am...
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| Дата: | 2026 |
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2026
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Репозитарії
Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1869743981832699904 |
|---|---|
| author | Klymenko, Yurii Horielov, Oleksandr Pokhylchenko, Olga Gorb, Vasyl Horielov, Oleksii Krugliak, Yulia Dovhaliuk, Nataliia Paraschuk, Oleksandr Honcharenko, Borys |
| author_facet | Klymenko, Yurii Horielov, Oleksandr Pokhylchenko, Olga Gorb, Vasyl Horielov, Oleksii Krugliak, Yulia Dovhaliuk, Nataliia Paraschuk, Oleksandr Honcharenko, Borys |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Yurii Klymenko",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Oleksandr Horielov",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Olga Pokhylchenko",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Vasyl Gorb",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Oleksii Horielov",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Yulia Krugliak",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Nataliia Dovhaliuk",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Oleksandr Paraschuk",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Borys Honcharenko",
"institution": "M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine"
}
] |
| author_sort | Klymenko, Yurii |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-03T01:33:10Z |
| description | The Department of Dendrology traditionally conducts research on the biology, ecology, breeding, and cultivation of introduced and native woody plants, with an emphasis on their stability. Observations are carried out on a stationary basis in the systematic collections of the Arboretum of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) and in the plantings of Kyiv. The scientific direction “Geobotanical Park Science” involves the assessment of certain types of garden and park landscapes by comparison with native forests, based on which, or in place of which, the park was created. In the direction of developing the theory of the phytogenic field, new data were obtained on its communication aspect and impact on morphogenetic processes. A collection policy was developed to outline the directions of development of the Arboretum collections. Based on many years of phenological observations, it was found that changes in average annual temperature over the last climatic period shifted the dates of the onset of the initial phases of development in model plants. Studies of reproductive biology have revealed that the largest number of juniper seeds are aborted during the pollination-fertilization stages; that the quality of pine seeds depends on the number of trees in a single-species group; and that forsythia seeds in the NBG collection are produced in small numbers due to the predominance of clones with long staminal filaments. The result of the department’s breeding programs is the production of complex high-yielding hybrids of the genus Salix L. for the needs of renewable energy, landscaping and phyto-amelioration; dwarf seedlings of the fruit-bearing form of Chinese lilac (Syringa × chinensis f. fructiferum Gorb.), which have significant prospects for becoming a dwarf rootstock for varieties of common lilac; decorative cultivars of the genera Pinus L. and Picea A.Dietr. Biotesting of soils at a site with perennial cultivation of Syringa vulgaris L. plants showed higher soil toxicity in areas with intensive anthropogenic load. A comprehensive assessment of the resistance of plants of the genus Hamamelis Gronov. ex L. revealed that H. mollis Oliver is more resistant to insufficient moisture levels. For Rutaceae Juss. representatives, there is no clear fixation of a single reproductive system; a wide range of forms characterizes them, from hermaphroditic to dioecious, with numerous intermediate states. Comprehensive studies of this family have revealed species- and sex-specific differences in metabolite accumulation and drought resistance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2026006 |
| first_indexed | 2026-07-03T01:00:21Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
Plant Introduction, 110, 37–46 (2026) ISSN 1605-6574, e-ISSN 2663-290X
CHRONICLE
Department of Dendrology of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: achievements and research prospects
Yurii Klymenko *, Oleksandr Horielov, Olga Pokhylchenko, Vasyl Gorb, Oleksii Horielov,
Yulia Krugliak, Nataliia Dovhaliuk, Oleksandr Paraschuk, Borys Honcharenko
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine;
* klimenco109@ukr.net
Received: 13.05.2026 | Accepted: 25.06.2026 | Published: 02.07.2026
Abstract
The Department of Dendrology traditionally conducts research on the biology, ecology, breeding, and
cultivation of introduced and native woody plants, with an emphasis on their stability. Observations are
carried out on a stationary basis in the systematic collections of the Arboretum of the M.M. Gryshko
National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) and in the plantings
of Kyiv. The scientific direction “Geobotanical Park Science” involves the assessment of certain types of
garden and park landscapes by comparison with native forests, based on which, or in place of which,
the park was created. In the direction of developing the theory of the phytogenic field, new data were
obtained on its communication aspect and impact on morphogenetic processes. A collection policy was
developed to outline the directions of development of the Arboretum collections. Based on many years
of phenological observations, it was found that changes in average annual temperature over the last
climatic period shifted the dates of the onset of the initial phases of development in model plants. Studies
of reproductive biology have revealed that the largest number of juniper seeds are aborted during the
pollination-fertilization stages; that the quality of pine seeds depends on the number of trees in a single-
species group; and that forsythia seeds in the NBG collection are produced in small numbers due to the
predominance of clones with long staminal filaments. The result of the department’s breeding programs
is the production of complex high-yielding hybrids of the genus Salix L. for the needs of renewable
energy, landscaping and phyto-amelioration; dwarf seedlings of the fruit-bearing form of Chinese lilac
(Syringa × chinensis f. fructiferum Gorb.), which have significant prospects for becoming a dwarf rootstock
for varieties of common lilac; decorative cultivars of the genera Pinus L. and Picea A.Dietr. Biotesting of
soils at a site with perennial cultivation of Syringa vulgaris L. plants showed higher soil toxicity in areas
with intensive anthropogenic load. A comprehensive assessment of the resistance of plants of the genus
Hamamelis Gronov. ex L. revealed that H. mollis Oliver is more resistant to insufficient moisture levels. For
Rutaceae Juss. representatives, there is no clear fixation of a single reproductive system; a wide range
of forms characterizes them, from hermaphroditic to dioecious, with numerous intermediate states.
Comprehensive studies of this family have revealed species- and sex-specific differences in metabolite
accumulation and drought resistance.
Keywords: breeding, plant resistance, dendrology, garden and park landscapes
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2026006
UDC 001.891 : 582 : [712.253 : 58.069.029]
Authors’ contributions: Yurii Klymenko, Oleksandr Horielov, Olga Pokhylchenko, Vasyl Gorb, Oleksii Horielov, Yulia Krugliak, Nataliia
Dovhaliuk, Oleksandr Paraschuk, and Borys Honcharenko – writing – original draft. Yurii Klymenko – conceptualization, supervision,
validation, writing – review & editing.
Funding: The research was carried out within the framework of the scientific themes of the Dendrology Department of the
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: 402-DEN “Woody plants’ and their communities’ resistance to the
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4695-9527
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-8875
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-1577
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3046-9702
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3970-9570
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-7424
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5951-8857
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1063-7402
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9787-0595
38 Plant Introduction • 110
Klymenko et al.
Introduction
The Dendrology Department is a scientific unit
of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
of the NAS of Ukraine (NBG). The scientists of
the department carry out fundamental and
applied research on the introduction, biology,
and ecology of woody plants and their groups;
breeding; conservation (especially of species
with high conservation status); enrichment
of plant diversity; park phytocenology; and
monitoring the condition of plantings of
artificial objects of the nature reserve fund.
The Dendrology Department was founded
in 1944, and the arboretum covers ca. 30 ha.
Despite the objective difficulties of previous
years, the department’s team continues to
preserve and enrich the collection fund,
which in 2025 comprised over 1,000 species,
varieties, hybrids, and cultivars. Besides this,
the department works on the development
of traditional areas and initiates new areas of
scientific research. It also involves volunteers
and sponsors to maintain the proper condition
of the collections.
Among the published monographs that
have already become dendrological classics
and have not lost their scientific significance
today, it is worth noting the reference books
“Trees and shrubs. Gymnosperms” (Rubtsov,
1971) and “Trees and shrubs. Angiosperms”
(Rubtsov, 1974), which provided data on
the plants of the NBG’s arboretum. The
continuation of these publications will be the
monograph “Results of the introduction of
woody plants into the M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden” authored by Y.O. Klymenko,
V.K. Gorb, Y.M. Krugliak, O.P. Pokhylchenko,
N.I. Dovhaliuk, and B.V. Honcharenko. It
includes data on the areas “Garden of Lilacs”,
“Garden of Mock Oranges”, “Garden of
Deutzias”, and “Garden of Forsythias, Horse-
chestnuts Area”; provides plans of these plots
with plant designations; and summarizes
the results of the 75-year introduction. In
the future, it is planned to prepare similar
monographs on other systematic groups from
the arboretum collection.
The works “Trees and shrubs cultivated in
the Ukrainian SSR: Gymnosperms” (Rubtsov,
1985), “Trees and shrubs cultivated in the
Ukrainian SSR: Angiosperms” (Rubtsov, 1986),
and a three-volume monograph “Dendroflora
of Ukraine. Wild and cultivated trees and
shrubs” (including volumes of Gymnosperms
(Kokhno, 2001) and Angiosperms (Kokhno,
2002, 2005)) already became classics. The
continuation of these publications was the
collective bilingual monograph “Maintaining
collections of gymnosperms in Ukraine:
achievements, challenges, and prospects”,
edited by N.S. Boiko (2023) jointly prepared
and coordinated with O.P. Pokhylchenko and
N.M. Doiko from the Arboretum Olexandria
and a set of authors. The main part of this
monograph is a complete list of gymnosperm
taxa in 67 botanical institutions of Ukraine.
Data for the catalog were provided by
collection curators or researchers who carried
out the inventory of plantings. The total list of
collections contains 213 species, varieties, and
hybrids, and 774 cultivars in open ground, and
72 species, hybrids, and cultivars in Ukrainian
greenhouses.
Results and discussion
The NBG’s Arboretum as a base for scientific
research
In the Department of Dendrology, scientists
serve as curators of collections of specific
systematic groups. In particular, Dr.Sci.
O.M. Horielov is the curator of the section
“Hydrophilic Plants”. Now the collection fund
of the section includes over 50 species, forms,
and hybrids, the majority of which belong to
the genus Salix L. Dr. O.P. Pokhylchenko works
with a collection of gymnosperms, consisting
of 103 species, 11 varieties, four hybrids, and 57
cultivars. Dr. V.K. Gorb has been the curator
of the “Lilac Garden” section since 1980; his
studies of this genus are presented in the
monograph “Lilacs of Ukraine” (Gorb, 1989).
The lilac collection has the status of National
effects of abiotic and biotic factors in ecosystems of the city of Kyiv” (state registration number 0120U000087, implementation period
2019–2024) and 417-DEN “Resilience and adaptive potential of alien and native woody plants under conditions of urban space” (state
registration number 0125U000453, implementation period 2025–2029)
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Plant Introduction • 110 39
Department of Dendrology of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
Heritage of Ukraine. In 2025, it consisted of
11 species, seven subspecies, five interspecific
hybrids, six varieties, and one form, 98
varieties of common lilac. Dr. Y.M. Krugliak
takes care of the collection of the genus
Philadelphus L., which includes 22 species,
varieties, interspecific hybrids, and the
collection of the genus Deutzia Thunb., which
includes 14 species, interspecific hybrids and
varieties. Dr. B.V. Honcharenko supervises the
collection of the genus Forsythia Vahl, which
includes 16 species, interspecific hybrids, and
varieties.
Maintaining collections of living plants
requires high-quality documentation of
specimens, development of collections in
accordance with an adopted collection policy,
and creation of optimal conditions for selected
plant groups. The conditions for international
accreditation of arboretums by the ArbNet
network (ArbNet, 2025) include a published
collection policy, a planting plan, educational
activities, and an active volunteer community.
Collections policy is a list of rules that
outlines the scope and nature of the collection.
The principles of the collection policy in the
NBG’s Arboretum are published in BGjournal
(Pokhylchenko & Bobrova, 2022) and set out
in the monograph “Maintaining collections
of gymnosperms in Ukraine: achievements,
challenges, and prospects” (Boiko, 2023).
The modern collection policy at Rubtsov’s
Arboretum involves selecting plants primarily
from natural habitats. It includes species
vulnerable in nature and species of the
flora of Ukraine. The most fully represented
genera within the collection are Syringa L.,
Salix, Philadelphus, Deutzia, Picea, Pinus,
Juniperus L., Tilia L, Acer L., and Quercus L.
There are also numerous cultivars of Ukrainian
selection represented.
Scientific direction “Geobotanical park
science”
This direction has been developed in the
department for the past 35 years. The research
involves assessing certain types of garden-
park landscapes by comparing them with the
native forests on whose land, or on whose site,
the park was created. As part of these studies,
landscape and planting plans were drawn up
for 45 parks in Kyiv, six ancient arboretums,
52 parks-monuments of horticultural art of
national importance, and one historical and
cultural reserve. Using some of these materials,
a doctoral dissertation was defended in 2012
(Klymenko, 2012), and the monograph “General
park science” was published (Klymenko &
Kuznetsov, 2015). It has been established that
the landscapes and plantings in parks change
over time in predictable patterns. Thus, park
oaks (Querceta roboris) both in Kyiv and in the
ancient parks of Polissya and Forest Steppe of
Ukraine are replaced by Carpineta betuli, stands
in which none of the species predominates,
and stands dominated by companions of
Quercus robur L. Pineta sylvestris-based parks
are being replaced by hardwoods. The invasive
Acer negundo L. is becoming increasingly
important in floodplain parks. The collected
database is the basis for further monitoring
studies. Articles have already been published
on changes in garden and park landscapes
and park plantings in the Kharkiv region over
about 30 years (Hryhorenko & Klymenko, 2018,
2021, 2022, 2025). Publications on monitoring
studies of Kyiv parks are being prepared. They
should influence the general policy in the
formation of parks in the city by the Municipal
Department “Kyivzelenbud”.
The concept of a phytogenic field
The development of structural and functional
features of the phytogenic field, their
manifestations, and significance in the life of
both individual plants and their groups are
among the directions of theoretical research
of the department (Horielov, 2012, 2021).
The developed structural and functional
models are characterized by cause-and-
effect relationships, operators governing
physicochemical and biochemical processes,
and the flows of matter and energy (resource
subsystem), as well as information operators
that describe the regulatory, integrative,
and communicative functions of this field
(information subsystem). The presence of
direct and feedback relationships between
plant parts and plants in groups, implemented
through flows of matter, energy, and
information, allows us to consider them as
complex, multi-level cybernetic systems.
The systematization of numerous factors
underlying this phenomenon enabled us to
distinguish groups of material, energy, and
information components.
Among the most obvious manifestations of
the phytogenic field is the influence of woody
40 Plant Introduction • 110
Klymenko et al.
plants on the microclimate of the canopy
and sub-canopy environment, or on the
environment within and outside the canopy.
The studies conducted allowed us to obtain
numerical parameters of lighting regimes in
the visible and ultraviolet ranges, temperature,
and humidity, and to establish their features
depending on the type and morphostructure of
the model plant, seasonal dynamics, and their
influence on the morphogenetic processes of
woody plants. In particular, it was established
that within the crown space, natural lighting
for certain species can decrease by almost 20
times, the temperature by 15–18 °C, and the
relative humidity of the air can increase by 1.5–
1.8 times (Horielov & Horielov, 2009).
The phytogenic field is of special
importance for morphogenetic processes.
Studies of the role of this field in the formation
of spatial structures are conducted at different
levels of organization of the plant organism,
ranging from the cellular and tissue levels
to the morphostructural level of the whole
plant (Horielov, 2021). Correlations have been
determined between the morphometric
characteristics of shoots and the
meteorological parameters of the phytogenic
field, which exhibit species differences and are
largely determined by plants’ light demand.
It has been established that among climatic
factors, the light regime plays a decisive role
in the formation of the shoot system.
Today, the communicative function of
the phytogenic field remains poorly studied.
Promising directions here include the
classification of interactions between plants
and other organisms, the search for channels
of these connections, and the mechanisms of
such communication. Of particular interest
is the study of the energy-information
component of the phytogenic field, which
requires new methodological approaches.
What is fundamentally new here is the use of
the biolocation method (Horielov et al., 2020).
Seasonal development of woody plants as an
indicator of climate change
Through the efforts of the department’s
employees, two Ukrainian stations have been
registered within the Pan European Phenology
Project: the M.M. Gryshko National Biological
Station of the National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine (Kyiv) and the Vysokohirny State
Arboretum (Ivano-Frankivsk region). The goal
of the project was to support and develop the
Pan European Phenology Database (PEP725)
with open, unrestricted access to data for
science and education (EUMETNET, 2025).
Phenological observations in the botanical
gardens of Ukraine are carried out and
published by many researchers, but the results
are scattered. Therefore, the possibility of
systematic analysis of these data is lost. The
use of the international unified BBCH scale
of phenological observations of the Federal
Agency for the Environment and Chemical
Industry will contribute to optimizing the
collection and processing of phenological
observation data. To encourage the use of
the BBCH scale, Ukrainian researchers have
proposed logical replacements for phase
designations using the methods traditionally
used for coding phases on the BBCH scale
(Pokhylchenko et al., 2024) and have proposed
schemes for applying the scale to six plant
species.
Scientists of the department have been
involved in the phenological investigations
of model plants for several decades.
Unusually warm winters in recent years
have caused gymnosperm vegetation to
shift to much earlier dates (research by Dr.
Pokhylchenko O.P.). This difference was
greatest for most plants of the Pinaceae
Spreng. ex F.Rudolphi and Ginkgoaceae Engl.
families. In plants of Mediterranean origin,
the initial phases were unchanged compared
with those after cold winters. Cold weather
in spring delays the pollination of all model
plants by two to three weeks. The temperature
during the first summer months is higher than
the climatic norm, thereby causing earlier
formation of microstrobili in Cupressaceae
Gray plants with dozyme meiosis.
For plants of Hydrangeaceae Dumort. (i.e.,
Philadelphus and Deutzia), the initial phases
of seasonal development and flowering are
shifted by one to three weeks under the
influence of average daily spring temperatures
(research by Dr. Krugliak Y.M.). The beginning
of flowering of winter-flowering plants of the
genus Hamamelis L. (i.e., H. mollis Oliv. and H.
vernalis Sarg.) during 2020–2024 fluctuated
within one to one and a half months,
depending on the average daily temperature
of January and February. In plants of the
autumn-flowering H. virginiana L., the timing
of flowering from year to year varied by two to
Plant Introduction • 110 41
Department of Dendrology of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
three weeks, depending on the average daily
temperatures in September–October.
The onset of the first phases of
development in Syringa species (series
Syringae and Pubescentes) after abnormally
warm winters is shifted to February, but
under cool spring conditions, flowering
occurs in the middle term (research by
leading engineer Dovhaliuk N.I.). Cold and dry
weather in September and October affects
the formation of generative buds in lilacs.
The results of such observations are valuable
only if they are carried out for many years.
They showed a certain dependence of the
onset of seasonal development phases on
average daily temperatures. That is, global
temperature changes shift the dates of the
onset of phenological events (Pokhylchenko
et al., 2019).
The growing season in Tetradium daniellii
(Benn.) T.G.Hartley, Phellodendron amurense
Rupr., Ptelea trifoliata L., Zanthoxylum
americanum Mill. starts when the average daily
temperature exceeds +10 °C for nine–ten days
(research by PhD student Paraschuk O.A.).
In male flowers of monoecious plants
of Tetradium daniellii, flowering begins
earlier than in female flowers (on the same
individuals), which results from protandry.
Reproductive biology of woody plants
The formation of high-quality seeds by woody
plants under cultivation conditions can be a
key indicator of both the tolerance of model
species to the conditions of the region of
introduction and their potential invasiveness.
The formation of a full-fledged seed is the
result of the successful completion of several
stages: differentiation of the floral meristem,
meiosis, pollination, fertilization, and
development of the embryo and endosperm.
Published works on the formation of seeds in
model species of the genera Juniperus, Pinus,
and Forsythia, and on the factors affecting
it, demonstrate the success of the applied
methods. The results of these studies revealed
that the largest number of juniper seeds are
aborted at the pollination-fertilization stages
(Kolodjazhenska & Pokhylchenko, 2015). Edible
pine seeds (i.e., belonging to P. sibirica Du Tour,
P. koraiensis Siebold & Zucc., P. pumila (Pall.)
Regel, and P. armandii Franch.) successfully
pass all development stages, but their quality
depends on the number of trees in the same
species group (Ruguzova & Pokhylchenko,
2014; Pokhylchenko, 2015; Ruguzova et al.,
2016).
In the NBG collection, seeds of Forsythia
species are formed in small numbers due to
the predominance of clones with long staminal
filaments in relation to floral dimorphism
(Honcharenko, 2025).
Syringa fauriei H.Lev. has been recently
introduced to the NBG. It blooms and bears
fruit quite abundantly. The rate of its seed
germination in the laboratory exceeds 98 %,
while germination on light sandy soils is 45–
50 % (research by Dr. Gorb V.K.).
Implementation of breeding programs
The principal work on the genus Salix is
aimed at obtaining interspecific multistage
hybrids with enhanced economic and other
valuable characteristics for renewable energy,
landscaping, and phytomelioration. For this
purpose, the hybridization method has been
improved and adapted to the conditions of the
Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Horielov et al., 2014;
Horielov, 2024a).
The investigation of bud mutations in
conifers and breeding work (Boiko, 2023)
resulted in obtaining three new cultivars –
Picea abies ‘Boberskii’ Loggynov, P. sitchensis
‘Loggynov’s Ball’ Pokhylchenko, and Pinus
sylvestris ‘Gray Pear’ Pokhylchenko (research
by Dr. Pokhylchenko O.P.).
In 2025, the testing of four varieties
of Syringa vulgaris L. (i.e., ‘Ivan Mazepa’,
‘Malynovyi Dzvin’, ‘Smuhlianka’, and ‘Svitanok
Oboloni’) was completed (research by Dr.
Gorb V.K.). The copyright certificates for
these cultivars are expected in 2026. In recent
years, considerable attention has also been
paid to Syringa × chinensis Willd., a decorative
spontaneous hybrid that has not yet become
widespread in the culture of Ukraine due to its
infertility. As a result of selection, its fruitful
form was obtained – Syringa × chinensis f.
fructiferum Gorb. The seed progeny of this
form inherited fruitfulness and traits by 97.2 %.
Hence, the uncoupling of phenotypic traits in
the seed progeny of this form is insignificant,
so it should be propagated not vegetatively,
but by seeds. During seed propagation from
this form, the Dendrology Department
managed to obtain two winter-hardy and
drought-resistant dwarfs. In the future, they
can serve as a rootstock for creating low-
42 Plant Introduction • 110
Klymenko et al.
growing plants from genetically tall varieties,
primarily common lilac.
Resistance of woody plants to abiotic factors
The resistance of woody plants to abiotic
factors is the primary determinant of the
cultivation of introduced plants. In particularly
frosty winters, the shoots of most Deutzia
species introduced to the Right-Bank
Forest-Steppe of Ukraine freeze out. It was
assumed that this was due to the content
of anthocyanins. It was experimentally
established that in the most frost-resistant
plants (i.e., D. gracilis Siebold & Zucc.), after
a decrease in air temperature, the content of
anthocyanins in the shoots increased by more
than 100 %, while in the least frost-resistant
ones, by 0.6–11.6 % (Levon & Krugliak, 2017).
According to laboratory studies of the water
regime of Deutzia leaves, the most drought-
resistant species are D. gracilis, D. × rosea
(Lemoine) Rehder, and D. × elegantissima
(Lemoine) Rehder (Krugliak, 2020). The
findings of this experiment are consistent
with the results obtained from determining
stomatal parameters on the leaves of these
plants (Krugliak, 2018b). According to the
results of a study of the water regime of garden
jasmine leaves, some of the most drought-
resistant plants are Philadelphus inodorus var.
grandiflorus (Willd.). A.Gray (= P. × floribundus
Schrad. ex DC.), P. schrenkii Rupr., P. × lemoinei
‘Avalanche’, and P. tenuifolius Maxim & Rupr.
The results of the experiment are generally
consistent with those from studies of the
stomata of these plants (Krugliak, 2018a). In
2020–2024, a comprehensive assessment
of the resistance of plants of the genus
Hamamelis to low winter temperatures,
high summer temperatures, and moisture
deficiency was carried out under field and
laboratory conditions. The plants survived the
winters of 2020–2024 without damage to buds
and shoots. In 2020 and 2021, the summers
were too hot, with a long period of no rain,
so in these years, witch hazel experienced
partial, and in some cases, complete dieback
of leaf tissue. Hamamelis mollis plants were
more drought-resistant, while H. vernalis and
H. virginiana were less resistant. These results
are also confirmed by demonstrating the
potential drought resistance of plants through
leaf water regime measurements and stomatal
studies.
The drought and frost resistance of
Rutaceae Juss. species varies significantly
(research by Paraschuk O.A.). The highest
resistance was demonstrated by Ptelea
trifoliata L., with its male plants being
comparably more drought-resistant.
Phellodendron amurense Rupr. showed
the lowest drought resistance, especially
male plants; female plants reacted acutely,
but recovered quickly, while male plants
demonstrated a chronic type of stress
(Paraschuk & Krugliak, 2025). Tetradium
daniellii (Benn.) T.G.Hartley has average
drought resistance and frost resistance
down to –30 °C. Zanthoxylum americanum
Mill. is characterized by high frost resistance
(USDA hardiness zone 3) and, according to
the literature, is drought-tolerant. In the
summer of 2024, partial leaf drying was
observed during a prolonged drought. Spring
frosts in 2025 damaged young leaves of
Phellodendron amurense the most, Tetradium
daniellii and Ptelea trifoliata to a lesser
extent, and did not affect Zanthoxylum
americanum.
In Forsythia representatives introduced
to the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine,
vegetative buds were found to be more
resistant than generative buds. Generative
buds of Forsythia freeze out in the harshest
winters. The highest winter hardiness
coefficient was established in F. × intermedia
‘Lynwood’, and the lowest in F. suspensa
‘Decipiens’. The drought resistance of
plants of most representatives of the
genus Forsythia in the Right-Bank Forest-
Steppe of Ukraine is quite satisfactory. The
highest water-holding capacity is in the
leaves of plants F. × intermedia, F. suspensa,
F. viridissima, and the lowest is in F. suspensa
‘Decipiens’ (Honcharenko, 2025).
Research helping to optimize soil conditions
in collection plantations
Long-term (over 75 years) constant cultivation
of Syringa vulgaris varieties and significant
anthropogenic load during mass flowering
cause various morphometric changes in
their plants, primarily shortening the length
and curvature of the axis of inflorescences
and shoots, reducing the area of lamina,
changing the natural color of the latter,
etc. (Dovhaliuk, 2019). Biotesting helps
obtain relatively quick information about
Plant Introduction • 110 43
Department of Dendrology of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
the presence of toxic substances in the
soil (Hryhorchuk, 2016). The study was
conducted in a thermostat using a test
culture of Lepidium sativum L. Soil samples
for the experiment were taken from
different places in the S. vulgaris collection.
Based on the data obtained, the phytotoxic
effect was assessed and compared with the
soil toxicity scale (Horova & Kulina, 2008).
In the part of the collection where plants
were planted in an area cleared of old lilac
bushes, soil toxicity was higher than average
(phytotoxic effect ranged from 41.5 to 49 %).
In the part of the collection most affected by
anthropogenic load, a high level of toxicity
was recorded (phytotoxic effects ranged
from 61.3 to 71 %). Assessment of the toxicity
of the collection soils by season showed
that the lowest indicators were observed
in summer, the highest in autumn, with a
gradual decrease in winter and spring across
all experimental variants.
Allelopathic activity studies
Studies of allelopathic activity have shown
that, in Rutaceae, it is mediated by high
levels of triterpenoids, saponins, and
phenolic compounds (research by PhD
student Paraschuk O.A.). The highest
concentrations of these metabolites were
found in Tetradium daniellii and in female
plants of Ptelea trifoliata, which was
accompanied by their accumulation in the
soil. Under female plants of Phellodendron
amurense and Ptelea trifoliata, the level of
saponins exceeded the levels under male
plants by 2–30 times. The high content of
phenolic compounds under male plants
of Phellodendron amurense and Tetradium
daniellii caused phytotoxicity (inhibition
of Lepidium sativum by 46–64 %). Changes
in soil characteristics under female plants
(higher humus, ammonia nitrogen, pH) and
enrichment of tissues with Ca, Fe, K, Mg,
and Zn also reflect sexual differences in
metabolism of these plants.
Research on woody vegetation in urban
plantings
The study of woody vegetation in urban
plantings is a relevant area of work, initiated
in the Dendrology Department back in the
1980s–1990s (Levon, 2008). The department’s
employees analyzed the current state of
Kyiv green areas, the actual assortment of
trees and shrubs under varying levels of
anthropogenic load, and identified ways to
optimize species composition (Horielov,
2024b). Analysis of the composition and
sources of technogenic pollutants showed
that almost 90 % of them occur as emissions
from road transport, which justified the
focus of the research on this type of pollutant
(Horielov et al., 2021).
The damage caused by mistletoe (Viscum
album L.) to urban green spaces, which has
become particularly threatening in recent
decades, is also an actual research topic.
Determining the list of affected species,
assessing the degree of damage, studying
the mechanisms of settlement and damage,
and developing methods for diagnosing
settlement and combating mistletoe are the
subjects of research by Dr. Horielov O.O. in
collaboration with Czech colleagues. The
most effective preparations were identified,
and remote methods for treating affected
plants using drones were developed (Bhat
et al., 2022; Krasylenko et al., 2022, 2023).
Conclusions
The original theoretical directions actively
elaborated in the Dendrology Department
are park science and the development of the
theory of the phytogenic field. An important
guarantee of the reliability of the data
obtained is the qualitative documentation
and improvement of the arboretum’s
collection policy. Long-term observations
of the seasonal development of model
plants enabled the outlining of the impact
of global climate change on them. The
development of methods for determining
the stability, quality of development of the
reproductive sphere, and the impact of
collected plants on the soil under conditions
of long-term cultivation has provided new
information that will be used to inform
recommendations for urban landscaping,
collection development, and educational
programs. The experience gained and rich,
well-documented collections of living
plants will continue to serve as the basis for
research on the comparative biology and
ecology of tree species.
44 Plant Introduction • 110
Klymenko et al.
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46 Plant Introduction • 110
Klymenko et al.
Відділ дендрології Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН
України: здобутки та перспективи досліджень
Юрій Клименко *, Олександр Горєлов, Ольга Похильченко, Василь Горб, Олексій Горєлов, Юлія
Кругляк, Наталія Довгалюк, Олександр Паращук, Борис Гончаренко
Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Садово-Ботанічна, 1, Київ, 01103,
Україна; * klimenco109@ukr.net
У відділі дендрології традиційно виконуються дослідження присвячені біології, екології, селекції
та культивуванню інтродукованих і аборигенних деревних рослин, з наголосом на їхню стійкість.
Спостереження виконують стаціонарно в систематичних колекціях Дендрарію Національного
ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України (НБС) та у насадженнях Києва. Науковий напрямок
“Геоботанічне паркознавство” передбачає оцінку певних типів садово-паркових ландшафтів
парків шляхом порівняння з корінними лісами, на основі яких, або на місці яких створювався парк.
У напрямку розробки теорії фітогенного поля отримано нові дані про його комунікаційний аспект
та вплив на морфогенетичні процеси. Для окреслення напрямків розвитку колекцій Дендрарію
розроблена колекційна політика. Унаслідок багаторічних фенологічних спостережень з’ясовано,
що зміна середньорічної температури за останній кліматичний період спричинила зміщення дат
настання початкових фаз розвитку модельних рослин. Вивчення репродуктивної біології виявили,
що на етапах запилення-запліднення абортується найбільша кількість насіння ялівців, якість насіння
сосен залежить від кількості дерев в одновидовій групі, насіння форзицій у колекції НБС формується
в незначній кількості внаслідок переважання клонів з довгою тичинковою ниткою. Підсумком
виконання селекційних програм відділу є отримання складних високопродуктивних гібридів роду
Salix L. для потреб відновлювальної енергетики, озеленення та фітомеліорації; карликових сіянців
плодоносної форми бузку китайського (Syringa × chinensis f. fructiferum Gorb.), які мають значну
перспективу стати карликовою підщепою для сортів бузку звичайного; декоративних культиварів
родів Pinus L. та Picea A.Dietr. Біотестування ґрунтів на ділянці з багаторічним вирощуванням рослин
Syringa vulgaris L. показало вищий рівень їхньої токсичності в місцях з інтенсивним антропогенним
навантаженням. Комплексним оцінюванням стійкості рослин роду Hamamelis Gronov. ex L.
встановлено, що стійкішим до недостатнього рівня вологи є H. mollis Oliver. Для представників родини
Rutaceae Juss. не спостерігається чіткої фіксації одного типу статевої системи, їм притаманна широка
варіабельність форм – від гермафродитних до дводомних, із наявністю численних проміжних
станів. Комплексні дослідження цієї родини виявили видові та статеві відмінності у накопиченні
метаболітів та стійкості до посух.
Ключові слова: селекція, стійкість рослин, дендрологія, садово-паркові ландшафти
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| id | www-plantintroduction-org-article-1704 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-04T01:00:13Z |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/3b/22561b25029c8b7387dfe64665fda83b.pdf |
| spelling | www-plantintroduction-org-article-17042026-07-03T01:33:10Z Department of Dendrology of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: achievements and research prospects Відділ дендрології Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: здобутки та перспективи досліджень Klymenko, Yurii Horielov, Oleksandr Pokhylchenko, Olga Gorb, Vasyl Horielov, Oleksii Krugliak, Yulia Dovhaliuk, Nataliia Paraschuk, Oleksandr Honcharenko, Borys The Department of Dendrology traditionally conducts research on the biology, ecology, breeding, and cultivation of introduced and native woody plants, with an emphasis on their stability. Observations are carried out on a stationary basis in the systematic collections of the Arboretum of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NBG) and in the plantings of Kyiv. The scientific direction “Geobotanical Park Science” involves the assessment of certain types of garden and park landscapes by comparison with native forests, based on which, or in place of which, the park was created. In the direction of developing the theory of the phytogenic field, new data were obtained on its communication aspect and impact on morphogenetic processes. A collection policy was developed to outline the directions of development of the Arboretum collections. Based on many years of phenological observations, it was found that changes in average annual temperature over the last climatic period shifted the dates of the onset of the initial phases of development in model plants. Studies of reproductive biology have revealed that the largest number of juniper seeds are aborted during the pollination-fertilization stages; that the quality of pine seeds depends on the number of trees in a single-species group; and that forsythia seeds in the NBG collection are produced in small numbers due to the predominance of clones with long staminal filaments. The result of the department’s breeding programs is the production of complex high-yielding hybrids of the genus Salix L. for the needs of renewable energy, landscaping and phyto-amelioration; dwarf seedlings of the fruit-bearing form of Chinese lilac (Syringa × chinensis f. fructiferum Gorb.), which have significant prospects for becoming a dwarf rootstock for varieties of common lilac; decorative cultivars of the genera Pinus L. and Picea A.Dietr. Biotesting of soils at a site with perennial cultivation of Syringa vulgaris L. plants showed higher soil toxicity in areas with intensive anthropogenic load. A comprehensive assessment of the resistance of plants of the genus Hamamelis Gronov. ex L. revealed that H. mollis Oliver is more resistant to insufficient moisture levels. For Rutaceae Juss. representatives, there is no clear fixation of a single reproductive system; a wide range of forms characterizes them, from hermaphroditic to dioecious, with numerous intermediate states. Comprehensive studies of this family have revealed species- and sex-specific differences in metabolite accumulation and drought resistance. У відділі дендрології традиційно виконуються дослідження присвячені біології, екології, селекції та культивуванню інтродукованих і аборигенних деревних рослин, з наголосом на їхню стійкість. Спостереження виконують стаціонарно в систематичних колекціях Дендрарію Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України (НБС) та у насадженнях Києва. Науковий напрямок “Геоботанічне паркознавство” передбачає оцінку певних типів садово-паркових ландшафтів парків шляхом порівняння з корінними лісами, на основі яких, або на місці яких створювався парк. У напрямку розробки теорії фітогенного поля отримано нові дані про його комунікаційний аспект та вплив на морфогенетичні процеси. Для окреслення напрямків розвитку колекцій Дендрарію розроблена колекційна політика. Унаслідок багаторічних фенологічних спостережень з’ясовано, що зміна середньорічної температури за останній кліматичний період спричинила зміщення дат настання початкових фаз розвитку модельних рослин. Вивчення репродуктивної біології виявили, що на етапах запилення-запліднення абортується найбільша кількість насіння ялівців, якість насіння сосен залежить від кількості дерев в одновидовій групі, насіння форзицій у колекції НБС формується в незначній кількості внаслідок переважання клонів з довгою тичинковою ниткою. Підсумком виконання селекційних програм відділу є отримання складних високопродуктивних гібридів роду Salix L. для потреб відновлювальної енергетики, озеленення та фітомеліорації; карликових сіянців плодоносної форми бузку китайського (Syringa × chinensis f. fructiferum Gorb.), які мають значну перспективу стати карликовою підщепою для сортів бузку звичайного; декоративних культиварів родів Pinus L. та Picea A.Dietr. Біотестування ґрунтів на ділянці з багаторічним вирощуванням рослин Syringa vulgaris L. показало вищий рівень їхньої токсичності в місцях з інтенсивним антропогенним навантаженням. Комплексним оцінюванням стійкості рослин роду Hamamelis Gronov. ex L. встановлено, що стійкішим до недостатнього рівня вологи є H. mollis Oliver. Для представників родини Rutaceae Juss. не спостерігається чіткої фіксації одного типу статевої системи, їм притаманна широка варіабельність форм – від гермафродитних до дводомних, із наявністю численних проміжних станів. Комплексні дослідження цієї родини виявили видові та статеві відмінності у накопиченні метаболітів та стійкості до посух. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2026-07-02 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1704 10.46341/PI2026006 Plant Introduction; No 110 (2026): Early view; 37-46 Інтродукція Рослин; № 110 (2026): Early view; 37-46 2663-290X 1605-6574 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1704/1591 Copyright (c) 2026 Yurii Klymenko, Oleksandr Horielov, Olga Pokhylchenko, Vasyl Gorb, Oleksii Horielov, Yulia Krugliak, Nataliia Dovhaliuk, Oleksandr Paraschuk, Borys Honcharenko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Klymenko, Yurii Horielov, Oleksandr Pokhylchenko, Olga Gorb, Vasyl Horielov, Oleksii Krugliak, Yulia Dovhaliuk, Nataliia Paraschuk, Oleksandr Honcharenko, Borys Відділ дендрології Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: здобутки та перспективи досліджень |
| title | Відділ дендрології Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: здобутки та перспективи досліджень |
| title_alt | Department of Dendrology of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine: achievements and research prospects |
| title_full | Відділ дендрології Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: здобутки та перспективи досліджень |
| title_fullStr | Відділ дендрології Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: здобутки та перспективи досліджень |
| title_full_unstemmed | Відділ дендрології Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: здобутки та перспективи досліджень |
| title_short | Відділ дендрології Національного ботанічного саду імені М.М. Гришка НАН України: здобутки та перспективи досліджень |
| title_sort | відділ дендрології національного ботанічного саду імені м.м. гришка нан україни: здобутки та перспективи досліджень |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1704 |
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