New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances
The European Union Directive on EMC defines a new concept of providing electromagnetic compatibility. The Directive mandates that all electromagnetic phenomena which can influence the operation of technical devices need to be considered. Electromagnetic phenomena which accompany high-altitude nuclea...
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Радіоастрономічний інститут НАН України
2002
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| Цитувати: | New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances / V.I. Kravchenko, V.V. Knyazyev, G.M. Koliushko, L.V. Vavriv // Радиофизика и радиоастрономия. — 2002. — Т. 7, № 4. — С. 441-443. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1223552025-02-05T20:28:58Z New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances Новые требования стандартов IEC к параметрам мощных электромагнитных импульсных возмущений Нові вимоги стандартів IEC до параметрів електромагнітних імпульсних збурень Kravchenko, V.I. Knyazyev, V.V. Koliushko, G.M. Vavriv, L.V. The European Union Directive on EMC defines a new concept of providing electromagnetic compatibility. The Directive mandates that all electromagnetic phenomena which can influence the operation of technical devices need to be considered. Electromagnetic phenomena which accompany high-altitude nuclear explosions are now on the list of standardized powerful electromagnetic pulsed disturbances which previously included only lightning and electrostatic discharges. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the developers of the electronic, radio electronic and electrical products with the new EMC requirements set to those products. Директива Европейского Совета по EMC определяет новую концепцию обеспечения электромагнитной совместимости. Директива предписывает рассматривать все электромагнитные явления, которые влияют на работу технических устройств. Электромагнитные явления, которые сопровождают ядерные взрывы на большой высоте, включены в перечень стандартных мощных электромагнитных импульсных возмущений, который ранее включал в себя только молниевые и электростатические разряды. Целью настоящей работы является ознакомление разработчиков электронной, радиоэлектронной техники и электрических устройств с новыми требованиями к электромагнитной совместимости. Директива Європейської Ради з EMC визначає нову концепцію забезпечення електромагнітної сумісності. Директива наказує розглядати усі електромагнітні явища, що впливають на роботу технічних пристроїв. Електромагнітні явища, що супроводжують ядерні вибухи на великій висоті, включені до переліку стандартних потужних електромагнітних імпульсних збурень, до якого раніше входили тільки блискавкові та електростатичні розряди. Метою цієї роботи є ознайомлення розробників електронної, радіоелектронної техніки та електричних приладів з новими вимогами до електромагнітної сумісності. 2002 Article New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances / V.I. Kravchenko, V.V. Knyazyev, G.M. Koliushko, L.V. Vavriv // Радиофизика и радиоастрономия. — 2002. — Т. 7, № 4. — С. 441-443. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. 1027-9636 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/122355 en Радиофизика и радиоастрономия application/pdf Радіоастрономічний інститут НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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The European Union Directive on EMC defines a new concept of providing electromagnetic compatibility. The Directive mandates that all electromagnetic phenomena which can influence the operation of technical devices need to be considered. Electromagnetic phenomena which accompany high-altitude nuclear explosions are now on the list of standardized powerful electromagnetic pulsed disturbances which previously included only lightning and electrostatic discharges. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the developers of the electronic, radio electronic and electrical products with the new EMC requirements set to those products. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Kravchenko, V.I. Knyazyev, V.V. Koliushko, G.M. Vavriv, L.V. |
| spellingShingle |
Kravchenko, V.I. Knyazyev, V.V. Koliushko, G.M. Vavriv, L.V. New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances Радиофизика и радиоастрономия |
| author_facet |
Kravchenko, V.I. Knyazyev, V.V. Koliushko, G.M. Vavriv, L.V. |
| author_sort |
Kravchenko, V.I. |
| title |
New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances |
| title_short |
New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances |
| title_full |
New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances |
| title_fullStr |
New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances |
| title_full_unstemmed |
New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances |
| title_sort |
new iec standards requirements to the parameters of powerful electromagnetic pulsed disturbances |
| publisher |
Радіоастрономічний інститут НАН України |
| publishDate |
2002 |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/122355 |
| citation_txt |
New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances / V.I. Kravchenko, V.V. Knyazyev, G.M. Koliushko, L.V. Vavriv // Радиофизика и радиоастрономия. — 2002. — Т. 7, № 4. — С. 441-443. — Бібліогр.: 5 назв. — англ. |
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Радиофизика и радиоастрономия |
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Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy, 2002, v. 7, No. 4, pp. 441-443
NEW IEC STANDARDS REQUIREMENTS TO THE
PARAMETERS OF POWERFUL ELECTROMAGNETIC
PULSED DISTURBANCES
V.I. Kravchenko, V.V. Knyazyev, G.M. Koliushko, L.V. Vavriv
The Research & Design Institute “Molniya”
47 Shevschenko st., 61013, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: nipkimolniya@kpi.kharkov.ua
The European Union Directive on EMC defines a new concept of providing electromagnetic compatibility.
The Directive mandates that all electromagnetic phenomena which can influence the operation of technical de-
vices need to be considered. Electromagnetic phenomena which accompany high-altitude nuclear explosions are
now on the list of standardized powerful electromagnetic pulsed disturbances which previously included only
lightning and electrostatic discharges. The purpose of this paper is to familiarize the developers of the electronic,
radio electronic and electrical products with the new EMC requirements set to those products.
The EMC Directive No89/336/ CEE, approved by
EU contributed to the development of EMC stan-
dardization at a qualitatively new level characterized
by the reasonable substantiation and the exact stan-
dards development program. As a result within the
period of twelve years most Basic IEC 801 standards
were revised and as a matter of fact the EMC re-
quirements can practically be laid down for any type
of electronic, radio electronic and electrical products,
proceeding from the conditions of their operation.
These standards have analogous standards that are in
force in Ukraine (see Table 1).
The standards that take into consideration the
requirements highlighted in MIL SID 461 C /462 D
have been developed. These requirements are well-
known to the developers.
The standards that are not very well known and
have been applied to the civil articles for the first
time relate to the most powerful electromagnetic
phenomena: Lightning discharge and electromagnetic
Table 1.
Standard IEC Title Ukraine Standard
61000-4-2 (1999) Part 4-2: Testing and measurement techniques – Electrostatic discharge im-
munity test. GОSТ 29191-91
61000-4-3 (2002) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques – Section 3: Radiated, radio-
frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test. GОSТ 30375-95
61000-4-4 (1995) Part 4: Testing and measurement techniques – Section 4: Electrical fast tran-
sient/burst immunity test. Basic GОSТ 29156-91
61000-4-5 (1995) Section 5: Surge immunity test. GОSТ 30374-95
61000-4-7 (1991)
Section 7: General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements
and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected
thereto.
GОSТ 29280-92
61000-4-8 (2001) Part 4-8: Testing and measurement techniques - Power frequency magnetic
field immunity test. DSТU 2465-94
61000-4-9 (2001) Part 4-9: Testing and measurement techniques - Pulse magnetic field immu-
nity test. DSТU 2626-94
61000-4-10 (2001) Part 4-10: Testing and measurement techniques - Damped oscillatory field
immunity test. Basic EMC Publication. DSТU 2625-94
61000-4-11 (2001) Part 4-11: Testing and measurement techniques - Voltage dips, short inter-
ruptions and voltage variations immunity test. GОSТ 30376-95
61000-4-12 (1995) Section 12: Oscillatory waves immunity test. Basic EMC Publication. GОSТ 30585-98
61000-4-13 (2002)
Part 4-13: Testing and measurement techniques – Harmonics and interhar-
monics including mains signalling at a.c. power port, low frequency immu-
nity tests. .
GОSТ 29280-92
61000-4-17 (1999) Part 4-17: Testing and measurement techniques – Ripple on d.c. input power
port immunity test. Basic EMC Publication. GОSТ 30376-95
61000-4-29 (2000) Part 2-29: Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c.
input power port immunity tests. GОSТ 30376-95
V.I. Kravchenko, V.V. Knyazyev, G.M. Koliushko, L.V. Vavriv
442 Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy, 2002, v. 7, No. 4
pulse generated by the high-altitude nuclear burst
(HEMP). The list of standards of this kind, which
have already been approved by IEC is given in Ta-
ble 2.
The lightning discharge is quite frequent phe-
nomena and the requirements set to the direct stroke
immunity and conductive interference immunity are
well known [1]. The new parameters are defined by
the requirements set to the immunity of objects that
are subjected to the action of electromagnetic fields
generated by lightning. The most detailed description
of these requirements is given in GOST 30585[2].
The main parameters are as follows:
– electric field voltage pulse
100fτ = µs, 10dτ = µs,
– magnetic field intensity pulse
2fτ = µs, 50dτ = µs,
– electromagnetic field pulse
0,1fτ = µs, 1dτ = µs.
The degrees of strictness are envisaged in com-
pliance with Table 3.
It should be noted that the Ukraine is lack of
IEC 61024 and IEC 61312 standards related to the
protection of buildings and constructions. The only
document that regulates the order of development of
the lightning protection systems is the “Instruction on
arrangement of the lightning protection for the build-
ings and constructions” (RD 34 21. 122-87) [3].
At the present time the financial losses caused
by the lightning destroying the equipment considera-
bly exceeds those caused by the concurrent fires.
Therefore, the Ukrainian standards should be based
on the appropriate IEC standards in addition to the
available Instruction [3]. The HEMP standards have
no equivalents in Ukraine, therefore exactly these
standards present the greatest difficulties for the de-
velopers of new articles. HEMP is characterized by
the ability to affect large territories (within the range
of thousands of kilometers) and to generate overcur-
rents and overvoltages in the extended lines. The
high altitude (above 30 km) nuclear burst produces
electromagnetic pulses of three types [4]. These
pulses are observed on the earth surface.
– early-time HEMP (fast);
– intermediate-time HEMP (medium);
– late-time HEMP (slow).
The early-time HEMP which can propagate for
Table 2.
Standard IEC Title
61000-1-3 (TR) (2002) Part 1-3: General – The effects of high-altitude EMP (HEMP) on civil equipment and systems.
61000-2-9 (1996) Part 2: Environment – Section 9: Description of HEMP environment - Radiated disturbance – Basic
EMC publication.
61000-2-10 (1998) Part 2-10: Environment – Description of HEMP environment – Conducted disturbance.
61000-2-11 (1999) Part 2-11: Environment – Classification of HEMP environments.
61000-4-23 (2000) Part 4-23: Testing and measurement techniques – Test methods for protective devices for HEMP
and other radiated disturbance. Basic EMC Publication.
61000-4-24 (1997) Section 24: Test methods for protective devices for HEMP conducted disturbance. Basic EMC Pub-
lication.
61000-4-25 (2001) Part 4-25: Testing and measurement techniques – HEMP immunity test methods for equipment and
systems. Basic EMC Publication.
61000-5-3 (TR) (1999) Part 5-3: Installation and mitigation guidelines-HEMP protection concepts
61000-5-4 (1996) Section 4: Immunity to HEMP – Specifications for protective devices against HEMP radiated dis-
turbance – Basic EMC Publication.
61000-5-5 (1996) Section 5: Specification of protective devices for HEMP conducted disturbance – Basic EMC pub-
lication.
61312-2 (TS) (1999) Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP) – Part 2: Shielding of structures,
bonding inside structures and earthing.
61312-3 (TS) (2000) Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP) – Part 3: Requirements of surge pro-
tective devices (SPDs).
61312-4 (1999) Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP) – Part 4: Protection of equipment in
existing structures.
61663-1 (1999) Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP) – Part 1: Fibre optic installations.
61663-2 (2001) Protection against lightning electromagnetic impulse (LEMP) – Part 2: Lines using metallic con-
ductors.
Table 3.
Degree of the
requirements
strictness.
E-field
kV/m
H-field
A/m
E-component
LEMP, kV/m
H-component
LEMP, A/m
1 50 50 15 40
2 150 150 50 120
3 300 300 100 250
New IEC Standards Requirements to the Parameters of Powerful Electromagnetic Pulsed Disturbances
Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy, 2002, v. 7, No. 4 443
thousands of kilometers from epicenter has persis-
tently been evoking the great interest. The HEMP
amplitude – time parameters depend on many factors
including the nuclear burst power and its altitude
above the earth level. However, for the purpose of
standardization the following option has been chosen.
The electric field early-time behavior in free space is
described by [4]:
( ) ( ) ( )( )1 0 1 exp exp ,E t E k t tα β= − − −
where: 0t ≥ ; 0 50E = kV/m; 74 10α = ⋅ s-1;
86 10β = ⋅ s-1; 1 1,3k = .
The pulse has a peak amplitude of 50 kV/m, rise
time of 2,5 ns, time-to-peak of 4,8 ns, and a pulse
width at half maximum of 23 ns. The energy influ-
ence of the early-time waveform is 0,114 J/m2.
The corresponding magnetic field has similar
waveform and peak, determined as
( )01 0 120 132,6H E π= = A/m
As far as the origin is concerned the lightning
and HEMP are quite different phenomena, however
the radiated and conducted environments produced
by them are similar to some extent [5]. Therefore, it
should be noted that the concepts of protection from
aftereffects produced by HEMP and lightning are
also the same but differ by their technical realization.
The high frequency component of the electric field
created by HEMP reaches at least 100 MHz, but the
field spectrum of the first and subsequent lightning
strokes has no significant values for frequencies ex-
ceeding 1 MHz in case of the first stroke and 5 MHz
in case of the subsequent strokes. The high amplitude
of the magnetic field created by lightning can be of
importance at low frequencies because the shielding
properties practically of all materials with regard to
the low frequency magnetic fields are very poor.
The energy content of the HEMP and lightning
electric fields does not differ significantly. HEMP
has 0,114N = J/m2. The first lightning return
stroke 0,15W = J/m2, and for the subsequent stroke
0,04W = J/m2 (at a distance of 600 m). At a dis-
tance of 100 m, the values are 5 J/m2 and 1,5 J/m2,
accordingly. Despite the available differences be-
tween these factors, the methods and devices used for
the protection from lightning stroke can serve as a
basis for protection from HEMP action.
The test equipment owned by the R&D Institute
“Molniya” satisfies most of the new electromagnetic
disturbance requirements and can be used without
major modifications.
The comparison of the parameters of these fac-
tors with parameters of some other EMP phenomena
leads to the assumption that if the immunity of arti-
cles subjected to the lightning and HEMP action has
been assured the ESD immunity tests, surge immu-
nity tests, radio-frequency tests ( 100f < MHz), etc.
may not be conducted.
References
1. IEC 61024-1-1-1993. Protection of structures against
lightning – Part 1: General principles. Sect. 1:
Guide A– Selection of protection levels for lightning
protection systems.
2. GOST 30585-98. EMC of Technical Equipment. Sta-
bility to action of lightning Discharges. Technical re-
quirements and method of tests.
3. RD 34 21. 122-87. Instruction on arrangement of the
lightning protection for the buildings and construc-
tions.
4. IEC 61000-2-9-1996. Part 2: Environment – Section 9:
Description of HEMP environment – Radiated distur-
bance – Basic EMC publication.
5. IEC 61000-5-3- Part 5-3: Installation and mitigation
guidelines – HEMP protection concepts.
НОВЫЕ ТРЕБОВАНИЯ СТАНДАРТОВ
IEC К ПАРАМЕТРАМ МОЩНЫХ
ЭЛЕКТРОМАГНИТНЫХ
ИМПУЛЬСНЫХ ВОЗМУЩЕНИЙ
В.И. Кравченко, В.В. Князев, Г.М. Колюшко,
Л.В. Ваврив
Директива Европейского Совета по EMC опреде-
ляет новую концепцию обеспечения электромагнитной
совместимости. Директива предписывает рассматри-
вать все электромагнитные явления, которые влияют на
работу технических устройств. Электромагнитные яв-
ления, которые сопровождают ядерные взрывы на
большой высоте, включены в перечень стандартных
мощных электромагнитных импульсных возмущений,
который ранее включал в себя только молниевые и
электростатические разряды. Целью настоящей работы
является ознакомление разработчиков электронной,
радиоэлектронной техники и электрических устройств
с новыми требованиями к электромагнитной совмести-
мости.
НОВІ ВИМОГИ СТАНДАРТІВ IEC ДО
ПАРАМЕТРІВ ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНИХ
ІМПУЛЬСНИХ ЗБУРЕНЬ
В.І. Кравченко, В.В. Князєв, Г.М. Колюшко,
Л.В. Ваврив
Директива Європейської Ради з EMC визначає но-
ву концепцію забезпечення електромагнітної суміснос-
ті. Директива наказує розглядати усі електромагнітні
явища, що впливають на роботу технічних пристроїв.
Електромагнітні явища, що супроводжують ядерні
вибухи на великій висоті, включені до переліку станда-
ртних потужних електромагнітних імпульсних збурень,
до якого раніше входили тільки блискавкові та елект-
ростатичні розряди. Метою цієї роботи є ознайомлення
розробників електронної, радіоелектронної техніки та
електричних приладів з новими вимогами до електро-
магнітної сумісності.
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