Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine
Introduction. The development of patent and innovation is impossible without a strong scientific base. That is why the R&D potential of the state is one of the main factors that reflect the level of both economic and technical level of its development. Unfortunately, the level of patent innovati...
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nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-1854782025-02-23T17:34:26Z Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine Сучасний рівень наукової, інноваційної та патентної діяльності в Україні Fesenko, O.M. Korskanov, V.V. Budnyk, O.P. Pogoretskii, P.P. Cвіт інновацій Introduction. The development of patent and innovation is impossible without a strong scientific base. That is why the R&D potential of the state is one of the main factors that reflect the level of both economic and technical level of its development. Unfortunately, the level of patent innovation in Ukraine is low, despite the strong R&D potential. Problem statement. The efficiency of innovations, trends in nanotechnology patenting, and the level of nanotechnology development in Ukraine are mainly determined by the qualifications of Ukrainian researchers. Therefore, preserving the R&D potential of Ukraine and preventing its outflow abroad are among the most pressing problems today. Purpose. To determine the role of R&D in the economy of Ukraine and the world, the level of publications of Ukrainian authors, the effectiveness, patent circulation, and prospects of innovations in Ukraine. To characterize the world market of nanotechnologies and the level of development of nanotechnologies in Ukraine and to provide a forecast of innovative development in Ukraine and the world. Materials and Methods. Statistical data of R&D potential of Ukraine, number of research works in Ukraine, materials on the quantitative and qualitative level of scholarly research publications of Ukrainian authors, patent circulation, the efficiency of innovations in Ukraine for the period 2010—2017, for forecasting of innovative development in Ukraine and the world on the coming decades. Results. The R&D potential of Ukraine, the current level of nanotechnology, innovation, and trends in their further development have been evaluated. The innovative development in Ukraine and the world until 2030 has been forecasted. Conclusions. Ukraine has a strong R&D potential, but the level of patent and innovation activity in Ukraine is low. Against the background of the integration of Ukrainian researchers into the world community, there is a significant increase in the number of joint scholarly research publications of Ukrainian researchers with foreign colleagues. Вступ. Розвиток патентної та інноваційної діяльності неможливий без потужної наукової бази. Саме тому науковий потенціал держави є одним з основних факторів, що відображає рівень як економічного, так і технічного рівня її розвитку. На жаль, в Україні рівень патентно-інноваційної діяльності є низьким, незважаючи на потужний науковий потенціал. Проблематика. Ефективність інновацій, тенденції патентування нанотехнологій та рівень розвитку нанотехнологій в Україні головним чином визначаються кваліфікацією українських науковців. Тому проблеми збереження наукового потеціалу України та запобігання його відтоку за кордон є одними з найактуальніших на сьогодні. Мета. Визначити роль наукових досліджень в економіці України та світу, рівень публікацій українських авторів, ефективність, патентний обіг та перспективи інновацій в Україні. Охарактеризувати світовий ринок нанотехнологій та рівень розвитку нанотехнологій в Україні та надати прогноз інноваційного розвитку в державі та світі. Матеріали і методи. Використано статистичні дані наукового потенціалу України, кількості науково-дослідних робіт в Україні, матеріали щодо кількісного та якісного рівня наукових публікацій український авторів, патентного обігу, ефективності інновацій в Україні за період 2010—2017 рр. для прогнозування інноваційного розвитку в Україні та світі на найближчі десятиліття. Результати. Зроблено оцінку наукового потенціалу України, сьогоднішнього рівня нанотехнологій, інновацій та тенденцій їхнього подальшого розвитку. Cформовано прогноз інноваційного розвитку в Україні та світі до 2030 року. Висновки. Україна має потужний науковий потенціал, але рівень патентної та інноваційної активності в Україні низький. На фоні інтеграції українських науковців у світову спільноту спостерігається значне збільшення кількості спільних наукових публікацій українських науковців із закордонними колегами. This work was carried in frames of the R&D project №78/19-H Creating an Innovative Information Environment to Support the Development and Commercialization of Nanotechnology in Ukraine. 2020 Article Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine / O.M. Fesenko, V.V. Korskanov, O.P. Budnyk, P.P. Pogoretskii // Наука та інновації. — 2020. — Т. 16, № 6. — С. 83-94. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. 1815-2066 DOI: doi.org/10.15407/scin16.06.083 https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/185478 en Наука та інновації application/pdf Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України |
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Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
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DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Cвіт інновацій Cвіт інновацій |
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Cвіт інновацій Cвіт інновацій Fesenko, O.M. Korskanov, V.V. Budnyk, O.P. Pogoretskii, P.P. Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine Наука та інновації |
| description |
Introduction. The development of patent and innovation is impossible without a strong scientific base. That is why the R&D potential of the state is one of the main factors that reflect the level of both economic and technical level of its development. Unfortunately, the level of patent innovation in Ukraine is low, despite the strong R&D potential.
Problem statement. The efficiency of innovations, trends in nanotechnology patenting, and the level of nanotechnology development in Ukraine are mainly determined by the qualifications of Ukrainian researchers. Therefore, preserving the R&D potential of Ukraine and preventing its outflow abroad are among the most pressing problems today.
Purpose. To determine the role of R&D in the economy of Ukraine and the world, the level of publications of Ukrainian authors, the effectiveness, patent circulation, and prospects of innovations in Ukraine. To characterize the world market of nanotechnologies and the level of development of nanotechnologies in Ukraine and to provide a forecast of innovative development in Ukraine and the world.
Materials and Methods. Statistical data of R&D potential of Ukraine, number of research works in Ukraine, materials on the quantitative and qualitative level of scholarly research publications of Ukrainian authors, patent circulation, the efficiency of innovations in Ukraine for the period 2010—2017, for forecasting of innovative development in Ukraine and the world on the coming decades.
Results. The R&D potential of Ukraine, the current level of nanotechnology, innovation, and trends in their further development have been evaluated. The innovative development in Ukraine and the world until 2030 has been forecasted.
Conclusions. Ukraine has a strong R&D potential, but the level of patent and innovation activity in Ukraine is low. Against the background of the integration of Ukrainian researchers into the world community, there is a significant increase in the number of joint scholarly research publications of Ukrainian researchers with foreign colleagues. |
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Article |
| author |
Fesenko, O.M. Korskanov, V.V. Budnyk, O.P. Pogoretskii, P.P. |
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Fesenko, O.M. Korskanov, V.V. Budnyk, O.P. Pogoretskii, P.P. |
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Fesenko, O.M. |
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Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine |
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Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine |
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Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine |
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Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine |
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Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine |
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modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in ukraine |
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Видавничий дім "Академперіодика" НАН України |
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2020 |
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Cвіт інновацій |
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https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/185478 |
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Modern level of scientific, innovative and patent activities in Ukraine / O.M. Fesenko, V.V. Korskanov, O.P. Budnyk, P.P. Pogoretskii // Наука та інновації. — 2020. — Т. 16, № 6. — С. 83-94. — Бібліогр.: 21 назв. — англ. |
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83
https://doi.org/10.15407/scin16.06.083
fEsENko, o.M., koRskaNov, v.v.,
BudNyk, o.P., and PogoREtskii, P.P.
Institute of Physics, the NAS of Ukraine,
46, Nauky Ave., Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine,
+380 44 525 9841, +380 44 525 1589, fizyka@iop.kiev.ua
modern level of reSearch, innovation,
and patent activitieS in ukraine
цитування: fesenko o.M., korskanov v.v., Budnyk o.P., and Pogoretskii P.P. Modern level of Re
search, innovation, and Patent activities in ukraine. Nauka innov. 2020. v. 16, no. 6. P. 83—94. https://doi.
org/ 10.15407/ scin16.06.083
Introduction. The development of patent and innovation is impossible without a strong scientific base. That is
why the R&D potential of the state is one of the main factors that reflect the level of both economic and tech
nical level of its development. Unfortunately, the level of patent innovation in Ukraine is low, despite the strong
R&D potential.
Problem statement. The efficiency of innovations, trends in nanotechnology patenting, and the level of na
notechnology development in Ukraine are mainly determined by the qualifications of Ukrainian researchers.
Therefore, preserving the R&D potential of Ukraine and preventing its outflow abroad are among the most pres
sing problems today.
Purpose. To determine the role of R&D in the economy of Ukraine and the world, the level of publications of
Ukrainian authors, the effectiveness, patent circulation, and prospects of innovations in Ukraine. To characterize
the world market of nanotechnologies and the level of development of nanotechnologies in Ukraine and to provide
a forecast of innovative development in Ukraine and the world.
Materials and Methods. Statistical data of R&D potential of Ukraine, number of research works in Ukraine,
materials on the quantitative and qualitative level of scholarly research publications of Ukrainian authors, patent
circulation, the efficiency of innovations in Ukraine for the period 2010—2017, for forecasting of innovative
development in Ukraine and the world on the coming decades.
Results. The R&D potential of Ukraine, the current level of nanotechnology, innovation, and trends in their
further development have been evaluated. The innovative development in Ukraine and the world until 2030 has
been forecasted.
Conclusions. Ukraine has a strong R&D potential, but the level of patent and innovation activity in Ukraine is
low. Against the background of the integration of Ukrainian researchers into the world community, there is a signi fi
cant increase in the number of joint scholarly research publications of Ukrainian researchers with foreign colleagues.
K e y w o r d s : innovation activity, patents, nanotechnology, research work.
the development of patent and innovation activities is not possible without a strong R&d
base. that is why the R&d potential of each country is one of the main factors that reflect
the level of both economic and technical level of its development. the notions of patent
business, innovation and the level of transfer of nanotechnology are interconnected. since
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16(6)
fesenko, o.M., korskanov, v.v., Budnyk, o.P., and Pogoretskii, P.P.
84 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6)
a pa tent is the result of the intellectual activity of
a person in any sphere of technology, patent acti
vity depends directly on the R&d potential of the
count ry and determines the level of technological
development [1]. unfortunately, in ukraine, the
level of patent and innovation activity is low, de
spite the powerful R&d potential. the main rea
son for this is the low percentage of gross do
mestic Product (gdP) spent on financing the
research works. in ukraine, this percentage in
2017 was 0.45. While in advanced economies it
reaches 5.0. the other is the potential reluctance
of managers of enterprises to innovate in order
not to disrupt the production process, since the
manager personally is not interested in increa
sing the efficiency of production. another reason
is that in some research institutes, research pro
jects are sometimes up to 90% funded by the Mi
nistry of defense. and this means that the results
of the research works and the associated patents
are automatically considered to be closed.
r&d potential of ukraine,
itS perSonnel, Quantitative
and Qualitative compoSition
the R&d potential of ukraine is concentrated
in three main sectors: academic, branch, and uni
versity [2].
as of january 1, 2017, there were 661 higher edu
cational establishments (universities) in uk rai
ne. training of 3rd and 4th level accreditation is car
ried out by 289 universities, academies and ins
titutes. at the beginning of the 2018/19 school
year, 652 higher educational institutions opera
ted in ukraine, which is nine less than in 2017 [3].
of the 107.8 thousand R&d and pedagogical wor
kers of universities, academies, institutes, almost
57% — Ph.d. (candidates of sciences); 12.6% —
doctors of sciences. More thаn 1.340 thousand stu
dents study at higher educational institutions si
multaneously. including 127 thousand bachelors
and 80 thousand masters. there are 475 institu
tions in the country in which postgraduate stu
dents are trained, of which 231 are universities
and 277 institutions, in which doctoral studies
are in progress, of which 176 are universities. un
fortunately, due to the economic crisis, the number
of postgraduate students and doctoral students
in recent years is rapidly decreasing. for the same
reason, and due to the more than 50% reduction
in funding for the period from 2010 to 2017, the
staff of the research institute and the number of
research works and development works (R&ds)
that were spent over the same period of time have
decreased more than twice (table 1). if in the mid
late 1990s—2000s the decrease in the number of
postgraduate students and doctoral students in
ukraine was due to the removal of young people
to the business, then in recent years this decline
is conditioned by the desire of young graduates
to enter postgraduate or doctoral studies in Wes
tern Europe or other advanced economies. imp
ro ving the quality of education in ukrainian uni
versities has led to an unexpected result: the out
Table 1. The Number and Quality of Researchers and R&D in Ukraine
Researchers and part from gdP
years
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Postgraduate training, persons 34653 — — 30740 27622 28487 25963 24786
doctoral training, persons 1532 — — 1795 1759 1821 1792 1646
Research costs, % gdP 0.75 0.65 0.67 0.70 0.60 0.55 0.48 0.45
the state costs, % gdP 0.33 0.29 0.33 0.32 0.25 0.20 0.16 0.16
Researchers in research organizations,
thousand individuals
133.7 130.4 122.1 115.8 101.4 90.2 63.7 59.4
Personnel in research organizations,
thousand individuals
182.5 175.3 164.3 155.4 136.1 122.5 97.9 94.3
Modern level of Research, innovation, and Patent activities in ukraine
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6) 85
flow of young specialists abroad has increased,
due to the fact that the graduate, having received
а highquality education in ukraine, finds it easier
to find work abroad.
Not the last factor of the low level of develop
ment of patent and innovation activity in R&d
institutions of ukraine is the lack of a single cen
ter for marketing and management of R&d acti
vity. this leads to the fact that the majority of re
gistered patents and innovations are not imple
mented. it is not uncommon that R&ds in diffe
rent research institutes overlap, or even duplicate
each other. instead, research is conducted in iso
lation from the needs of the economy.
the phaSe and role of the Scholarly
reSearch in the economy of ukraine
the underfunding the R&d, accompanied by an
annual decrease in the share of gdP to finance
the RW, against the backdrop of a general reduc
tion in gdP associated with the economic crisis,
has led to a significant reduction in the number of
research works and staff of the Research insti
tutes in ukraine as a whole. another reason for
this is the outdated and the fact that the research
equipment has exhausted its resources. Measu ring
and experimental equipment was manufactured
during the ussR, and now there are no funds to
buy new ones. at the beginning of this de cade, at
tempts were made to improve this situation by
creating centers for collective use and the acqui
sition of new experimental equipment in research
institutes. however, this did not fundamentally
change the situation [4].
the degree of interest of the government in the
introduction of new technologies can be exp res
sed in the ratio of funds invested in the R&d to
the total gdP (fig. 1).
it is believed that for normal functioning of the
economy, the country should spend at least one
percent of gdP on own R&d. the countries in
which this percentage is lower are classified as
countries with a poorly developed economy. if
the share of expenditures for the implementation
of R&d exceeds 2 per cent, then this country is
classified as a country with high development.
from the chart higher, it is clear that among the
25 countries ukraine occupies the penultimate po
sition, ahead of only highmountainous chile. the
highest places in this indicator are highgrowth
countries — switzerland, israel, south korea,
japan, sweden, germany, denmark, finland and
the usa.
fig. 2 shows the distribution of research works
in ukraine for the period from 2013 to 2017 on
new types of products, technologies, materials,
me thods and theories. in recent years, a large
pro portion of methodological and theoretical re
search in comparison with experimental ones is
the result of the insufficiently powerful material
and technical base of ukrainian research institu
tes. the smallest part of the research work is the
work on the development of new types of pro
ducts, which leads to an unsatisfactory range of
ukrainian products. Much more in ukraine is
paid attention to the development of new inno
vative energysaving technologies. this, in par
4.25 Israel
0.45 Ukraine (2017)
0.49 Mexico
0.79 Slovakia
0.8 South Africa
0.94 Turkey
0.97 Polland
1.21 Hungary
1.29 Italia
1.6 Canada
1.69 United Kindom
1.93 Europe (average)
2.0 Slovenia
2.11 China
2.25 France
2.34 OECD (average)
2.74 USA
2.75 Finland
2.87 Denmark
2.93 Germany
3.14 Japan
3.25 Sweden
3.37 Switzerland
4.23 South Korea
0.36 Chile
Share of R&D expenditure in the world 2017, % of GDP
C
ou
nt
ry
Fig. 1. share of R&d expenditure in the world, % of gdP [5]
fesenko, o.M., korskanov, v.v., Budnyk, o.P., and Pogoretskii, P.P.
86 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6)
ticular, has contributed to the rapid rise in energy
prices over the past 5 years. the development of
new technologies is central to the experimental
research work, but after 2014 the number of tech
nological developments is decreasing. Probably
this is due to the redistribution of funds to the
defense department regarding events in the East
of ukraine.
in recent years, there has been a slight increase
in attention to the development and production
of new promising materials in ukraine. Economic
analysis has shown that it is much more profi
table to produce materials or products in ukraine,
rather than importing raw materials or semifi
nished products. on the other hand, it will create
additional jobs and prevent the outflow of wor
kers abroad. however, on the ground, mana gers
of enterprises consider it expedient to im port raw
materials and buy readymade materials, while re
ceiving a refund of value added tax. this is what
inhibits work related to the development of their
own innovative materials.
on average, the ratio of experimental to theo
retical R&d works during these years is 0.56, but
over time, decreases slightly from 0.60 to 0.45.
Quantitative and Qualitative level
of the Scholarly reSearch
puBlicationS By ukrainian authorS
until the beginning of the 2000s, it was very prob
lematic for ukrainian scholars to access informa
tion and literary sources from foreign informa tion
platforms. ukrainian information platforms we
re either imperfect, or, in some areas, in general,
they we re absent. after the 2000s was some break
through in this direction and today it is quite easy
to obtain the necessary information from sour
ces of free access. therefore, in recent years the le
vel and quality of scholarly research publications
of ukrainian scholars have grown rapidly [6].
fig. 3 provides a comparative diagram of the
ty pes of publications in the form of monographs,
scholarly research articles and textbooks, text
books and books for the period from 2015 to 2017.
as expected, the number of scholarly research ar
ticles significantly exceeds (30—40 times) the
num ber of monographs and the number of trained
teaching aids. to a certain extent, this is natural,
since the volume of a scholarly research article is
much smaller than a monograph, a textbook, or a
Fig. 2. R&d results in ukraine, 2013—2017
Type of products Technology
Distribution of research works
Materials Methods
4 500
4 000
3 500
3 000
2 500
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
577 608
1296
4018
3740
1731
496 490
636
1062
436
3689
417
880
457 495
751
561
4001
4124
0
R
&
D
re
su
lts
in
U
kr
ai
ne
, 2
01
3–
20
17
Modern level of Research, innovation, and Patent activities in ukraine
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6) 87
tutorial. to write a monograph, one must also se
lect more than one dozen articles in the same di
rection and must combine the material in one lo
gical chain. some materials (examples, tests, tasks,
checklist questions, etc.) should also be included
in writing tutorials or textbooks.
the given diagram illustrates that for the last
three years the number of scholarly research ar
ticles is decreasing. the number of monographs
and textbooks over the years remains stable.
the quality of published works in the world is
usually estimated by the index of citation (hin
dex). from fig. 4 it is evident that the index of
ukrainian authors' citation is almost 10 times lo
wer than that of us researchers, 5 times smaller
than that of german authors, three times than of
chinese, two times then of indian, lower than
that of chilean scholars, and only slightly higher
than estimating the work of the Belarussian au
t hors. this situation proves, first of all, that ukrai
nian researchers have long been isolated from ac
cess to relevant R&d information and could not
understand the perspective directions of the de
velopment of world science. on the other hand,
for certain areas of scholarly research have was
established the status of various secrecy, thus de
nying the possibility for researchers from other
countries to receive information about these stu
dies with the aim of further possible proceedings
and quoting. all scholarly research publications,
which are fully or partly related to them, may not
be allowed to be publicly disclosed, since they
contain prohibited information.
according to scopus, the results of 2017, most
of the works were published in the field of physics
and astronomy (3000), less — in materials scien
ce, mathematics, agriculture, bio logy, energy, pla
netology, and environmental science, respective
ly (fig. 5).
such a schedule of priorities, in the first place,
indicates a rather powerful physics and mathe
matics school of ukrainian science (physics, ma
terials science, mathematics) [7]. at the same ti
me, in the presence of large agricultural land in
Fig. 3. Number of scholarly research publications in ukraine,
2015—2017
Type of publications
Monographs Scientific articles Books, tutorials
120 000
100 000
80 000
60 000
40 000
20 000
2015
34712921
108090
2688
84053
2875 2877
83855
2966
2016 2017
0
N
um
be
r o
f t
he
p
ub
lic
at
io
ns
in
U
kr
ai
ne
Fig. 4. hindex in ukraine and wordlwide, 1996—2018
Country
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
USA Germany China India Chile Ukraine Belarus
2077
1131
318
225 158
775
521
0
h-
in
de
x
in
U
kr
ai
ne
a
nd
w
or
dl
w
id
e,
1
99
6—
20
18
fesenko, o.M., korskanov, v.v., Budnyk, o.P., and Pogoretskii, P.P.
88 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6)
ukraine, insufficient attention is paid to the de
velopment of own technologies of land cultiva
tion, land use culture, agronomy and the develop
ment of own fertilizers and obtain the biomasses
for production the biofuel. instead, agrarians buy
fertilizers, land care products abroad, and import
foreign technology for land cultivation, and ob
tain new fertilizers that have not even been tested
in ukraine [8].
having enormous own reserves of restorative
bioresources almost no attention is paid to the
problem of their processing and processing. in
stead, in 2017—2018, the massive influx of fo reign
patented innovative technologies of biomass pro
cessing into biofuels and biomass into ukraine was
recorded [9—11]. the same applies to the prob
lematic issue of energy. in the presence of biore
sources, almost no attention is paid to the design
and construction of miniboilers on solid biofuels.
Not even taking into account the fact that char
coal and ash are a valuable fertilizer for many
plants. in ukraine there is a shortage of boilers
operating on combustion of peat. instead, almost
every year peatlands ignite and damage the envi
Years
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
2013201220112010200520001996 2014 2015 2016 2017
21.99
29.84
36.21
37.61
39.11
37.0 36.23
37.99 37.66 38.0 38.2
0
Sh
ar
e
of
p
ub
lic
at
io
ns
o
f U
kr
ai
ne
(S
co
pu
s)
Fig. 6. share of international scholarly research publications of ukraine (according to scopus)
Fig. 5. the number of scholarly research publications of ukraine by subject areas (according to
scopus), 2017.
5000 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 Subject area
N
um
be
r o
f p
ub
lic
at
io
ns
of
U
kr
ai
ne
(S
co
pu
s)
, 2
01
8 1226 Ecology
1351 Earth and Planetary Sciences
1594 Energy
1680 Agricultural and Biological Sciences
2186 Mathematics
2337 Materials Science
3000 Physics
Modern level of Research, innovation, and Patent activities in ukraine
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6) 89
ronment. it should also be noted that with a suf
ficiently strong woodworking industry, the proces
sing of wood waste, for example, for the produc
tion of briquettes for heating residential hou ses,
is not established at all.
against the background of the integration of
ukrainian scholars into the world community
from 1996 to 2010, there was a marked increase
in the number of joint scholarly research publica
tions of ukrainian scholars with foreign collea
gues from 22% to 38% of the total number of pub
lications (fig. 6). Beginning from 2011 and till
now, this figure remains constant. this testifies to
the fact that relatively stable international R&d
groups with a certain share of contributions to
joint publications have been formed at that time.
efficiency of innovationS
in ukraine, patent activity
and proSpectS for their
improvement
the analysis of the dynamics of expenditures of
industrial enterprises for innovations showed
that during 2010—2017 these expenditures were
approximately constant and amount to an avera
ge of 7130.5 million uah. during 2010—2013,
the level of industrial enterprises' expenditures
on innovation programs remained roughly con
stant at an average of uah 9300 per year (fig. 7).
then there was a substantial and gradual increase
in these expenditures from about uah 8300 mil
lion in 2013 up to 12.000 million uah in 2016
analysts attribute this to the growing need of en
terprises of the militaryindustrial complex in ad
vanced innovative technologies to connect with
events in the East of ukraine. in 2017, industrial
enterprises spent on innovation 9117.5 million
uah, which is 60.8% less than in 2016 (fig. 7).
the measure of effectiveness can be considered
the number of patents received for inventions.
unfortunately, for the period from 2010 to 2017,
their number is steadily decreasing both in uk
raine and abroad in general. at the same time,
their ratio practically does not change (fig. 8).
according to statistics, the number of patents
registered in ukraine by ukrainian inventors sig
nificantly exceeds the number of ukrainian pa
tents obtained in the united states, Western Euro
pe, japan, china, and others (fig. 9). this is logi
cal, since most of the ukrpatent's inventions, or
utility models, are associated with the daily lives
of ukrainians.
the largest number of patents of ukrainian in
ventors outside ukraine is registered in the uni
ted states (55% of the number of patents in uk
raine). less in germany — 14% of the number of
patents in ukraine. for other countries, these num
bers decrease as shown in the diagram (fig. 9).
in general, in Europe, the share of ukrainian
patents is 54% — almost as much as in the united
Fig. 7. Expenses of enterprises for innovation activity in ukraine by years, millions of uah
Years
2013
2012
2011
2010 8849.7
10315.2
9878.4
8286.0
9371.1
11372.2
9117.5
12020.4
2 0000 4 000 6 000 8 000 10 000 12 000
2014
2015
2016
2017
Expenses of enterprises for innovation activity in Ukraine by years (millions of UAH)
fesenko, o.M., korskanov, v.v., Budnyk, o.P., and Pogoretskii, P.P.
90 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6)
states. the given diagram is indicative and does
not reflect the actual picture of the introduction
of these patent inventions into the economy [12].
according to the technical branches by sec
tions in 2017, the chemical industry is the undis
puted leader, followed by engineering, tools, elect
rical engineering, and others [13].
in 2017, in ukraine, innovations were imple
mented at 672 enterprises; 456 enterprises intro
duced new technological processes, 358 compa
nies designed innovative products. however, in
comparison with previous years, these figures look
very unconvincing (table 2).
one of the main conditions for a competitive
country is the formation and operation of inno
vati ve infrastructure. currently, there are a large
number of organizations that promote innovation
in ukraine. the innovative infrastructure of uk
raine includes 25 scientific and 16 technological
parks, its own venture fund, 38 centers for iт
commercialization, 108 technology transfer centers
Fig. 8. obtained patents for inventions: blue — to the national applicants; red — to the foreign
applicants
To the national
To the foreign applicants
Years
2 000
1 500
1 000
500
2010 2011 20132012 2014 2015 2016 2017
2034
1840
1902
2159
1366
1224
1536
1277
14981516
1617
1702
1892
1743
1848
1557
0
O
bt
ai
ne
d
pa
te
nt
s f
or
in
ve
nt
io
ns
Fig. 9. Number of registered patents for inventions in ukraine
and worldwide, 2017
C
ou
nt
ry
2000 400 600 800
Number of patents for inventions in the world and Ukraine, 2017
1000 1200 1400
50 United Kindom
20 Polland
193 Others
1224 Ukraine
44 Italia
29 Belgium
27 Russia
25 Austria
46 Netherlands
407 USA
20 China
83 France
171 Germany
73 Japan
25 Sweden
153 Switzerland
Fig. 10. Patents for inventions by technical branches (na tio
nal applicants) for 2017
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
122
231
456
332
83
50
Electrical
engineering
Engi-
neering
OthersInstruments
Technical branches
Chemistry
0
Pa
te
nt
s (
na
tio
na
l a
pp
lic
an
ts
) f
or
2
01
7
Modern level of Research, innovation, and Patent activities in ukraine
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6) 91
Table 2. Innovative Products and New Technological Processes Introduced
innovative products
years
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
introduced innovative products 3403 3138 3661 3136 4139 2387
including cars, equipment, devices 942 809 1314 966 1305 751
the new technological processes, units 672 640 540 548 978 477
introduced technological processes 2188 1576 1743 1217 3489 1831
lowwaste, resourcesaving, nonwaste 554 502 447 458 748 611
at uni versities, 22 innovation centers, 24 business
incubators, 834 innovative enterprises, and 263
other innovative structures [13]. ukraine's glo
bal innovation index grew by 7 positions and in
2018 and ranked 43rd among the 126 countries
that par ticipated in the study. according to the
index of global competitiveness, ukraine in 2018
ranks 83rd in the ranking among 140 countries.
accor ding to the index of business, as of the be
ginning of 2019, ukraine improved this indica
tor by 5 points per year and ranked 71st among
190 countries.
the current level of development
of nanotechnologieS and trendS
in patenting of nanotechnologieS
the revolutionary impact of nanoscience and na
notechnology (N&N) on all areas of modern hu
man civilization was foreseen in 2005 in the jour
nal science. currently, researchers are offering
powerful nanotools in this area, which can im
prove the properties of materials, obtain new na
n o materials and methods of analysis of nanosci
ence. on the other hand, basic (nanoscience) and
applied (nanotechnology) developments and achie
vements require information on nanoscale space
to carry out their tasks and to make informed and
timely decisions. Revolution in the development
of measuring instruments in the 20th century
(for example, ph meters, potentiometers, nano
volt me ters and nanoammeters, photometers, fluo
rimeters, calorimeters, gas and liquid chromato
graphs, Xray spectrometers) from the middle of
the 21st century was indisputable. the second
stage in the evolution of analytical science in the
transition between the twentieth and twenty cen
turies was the use of computers to improve ana
lytical processes by supporting automation, mi nia
turization, simplification, and implementation of
quality systems, as well as data processing.
according to the generally accepted definition,
nanoscience is a discipline that studies a sub
stance in a size that is, in at least one dimension is
from 1 to 100 nanometers. Nanotechnologycon
cept is very broad and includes such branches of
science as science of the earth, organic chemist
ry, molecular biology, physics of semiconductors,
etc. [14]. New approaches in nanotechnology are
based on molecular selforganization, from the
de velopment of new materials with nanoscale di
mensions to the direct control of matter at the
atomic level. the international Patent classifica
tion (iPc) in the field of patents for nanomate
rials contains 70,000 applications. the total Pa
tent classification (tPc) consists of 250,000 app
lications [15]. as examples, it is the production of
carbon nanomaterials, computer systems based
on biological objects (including biomolecular com
puters), nanosized semiconductor devices, etc [16].
other classic examples of nanotechnology and
their number are given in table 3.
in the field of clean or green energy, in 2015,
there were 14 700 applications and there is a rapid
increase from year to year.
the united states Patent and trademark of
fice (usPto) and the European Patent office
(EPo) are the two most influential patent offices in
the world. statistics from orbitdatabase sho wed
fesenko, o.M., korskanov, v.v., Budnyk, o.P., and Pogoretskii, P.P.
92 ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6)
Table 4. Top Ten Countries for the Patents in 2017
country
Patents
in nano
techno
logy at
usPt
Patents
on nano
technology
in the
EPo
applica
tions for
nanotech
nology in
usPt
applica
tions for
nanotech
nology in
the EPo
usa 4316 577 5635 282
south
korea 914 105 1326 273
japan 819 188 805 268
taiwan 514 19 591 97
china 416 59 566 25
germany 301 289 413 165
france 210 208 284 92
Netherland 136 71 196 8
united
kindom 123 81 187 47
canada 106 22 132 47
that 19 563 patents for nanotechnology were pub
lis hed in 2016, among which 8484 received pa
tents and 11 079 published patent app lications [18].
according to statNano, in 2016, a total of 19 563
patents for nanotechnology were published in the
usPtо. in total, 3 589 patents for nanotech
no logy were issued in 2016 and published in the
EPo. according to the new statNano definition
based on iso / ts 18110, nanotechnology patents
must either have at least one nanotechnology cha
racteristic or have a classification code related to
nanotechnology in accordance with the interna
tional Patent classification (iPc). on the basis
of this definition, there are 3 589 patents pub
lished in the field of nanotechnology in the EPo
in 2016, about 18% of the total number of na
notechnology patents published in the usPtо.
2006 patents were received, and 1 583 patent ap
plications were issued. countries were ranked by
the number of patents granted.
the united states ranks first, with a share of
over 50% of all nanotechnology patents in the
usPtо. south korea and japan occupy the sec
ond and third plaсes with a great lag behind the
uni ted states. statNano shows that in this ran
king, south korea in 2016 ahead of japan, cana
da, and other countries.
table 4 shows the top 10 countries in the world
and the number of published applications for na
notechnology patents.
Strategy of innovation
development till 2030
the intensive growth of patent and innovation
activity in ukraine in the near future is expected.
the main goal is to provide a quick and qualita
tive transformation of creative ideas into innova
tive products and services that increase the level
of innovation of the national economy.
Expected results of patent and innovation ac
tivities:
reduction of the share of extrabudgetary finan
cing of R & d;
inhibition of the trend of reducing the number
of researchers;
wider use of intellectual property objects;
an increase in the number of entities that proan increase in the number of entities that pro
vide services for the commercialization of tech
nological solutions;
annual increase in the number of patents for
inventions and utility models;
increase in the share of expenses of the intanincrease in the share of expenses of the intan
gible assets.
Table 3. Examples of the Most Widespread
Nanotechnologies
Name
Quantity,
documents
Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine 30 000
Nanotechnology for information processing,
storage, and transmission
70 000
Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing, and
actuating
12000
Nanotechnology for optics 37 000
Nanomagnetism 23 000
Nanotechnology for materials and surface
science
88 000
Methods or apparatus for measurement or
analysis of nanostructures
11 000
Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures 41 000
in total nearly 240 000 documents classified as nano tech
nology.
Modern level of Research, innovation, and Patent activities in ukraine
ISSN 1815-2066. Nauka innov. 2020. 16 (6) 93
concluSionS
ukraine has maintained a rather powerful R&d
potential, but the level of patent and innovation
activity in ukraine is low, as the state spends a
small percentage of gdP to carry out the R&d.
in recent years, the number of research wor
kers and research staff has been rapidly dimini
shing due to chronic underfunding and outof
da te experimental equipment in the research in
stitutes. for this reason, the index of citing the
work of ukrainian scholars is low. the weak ma
terial base of ukrainian research institutes deter
mines that the ratio of experimental to theoreti
cal R&d projects in recent years is decreasing.
Most patents are registered by ukrainian re
searchers in ukraine in ukrpatent. ukrainians
re ceive the largest number of international pa
tents in the us, germany, and switzerland.
against the background of the integration of
ukrainian scholars into the world community,
there is a significant increase in the number of
joint scholarly research publications of ukrainian
scholars with foreign colleagues.
thus, in the future, for the development of pa
tent and innovative activity in ukraine, further
integration of ukrainian researchers into the in
ternational research community is necessary.
Acknowledgment: This work was carried in fra
mes of the R&D project №78/19H Creating an
Innovative Information Environment to Support the
Development and Commercialization of Nanotech
nology in Ukraine.
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Стаття надійшла до редакції / Received 05.08.19
Статтю прорецензовано / Revised 19.09.19
Статтю підписано до друку / Accepted 07.11.19
Фесенко О.М., Корсканов В.В., Будник О.П., Погорецький П.П.
інститут фізики НаН України,
просп. Науки, 46, київ, 03028, Україна,
+380 44 525 9841, +380 44 525 1589, fizyka@iop.kiev.ua
СУчаСНий рівеНь НаУковоЇ, іННоваційНоЇ
та патеНтНоЇ ДіЯльНоСті в УкраЇНі
Вступ. розвиток патентної та інноваційної діяльності неможливий без потужної наукової бази. Саме тому науковий
потенціал держави є одним з основних факторів, що відображає рівень як економічного, так і технічного рівня її
розвитку. На жаль, в Україні рівень патентноінноваційної діяльності є низьким, незважаючи на потужний науко
вий потенціал.
Проблематика. ефективність інновацій, тенденції патентування нанотехнологій та рівень розвитку нанотехноло
гій в Україні головним чином визначаються кваліфікацією українських науковців. тому проблеми збереження нау
кового потеціалу України та запобігання його відтоку за кордон є одними з найактуальніших на сьогодні.
Мета. визначити роль наукових досліджень в економіці України та світу, рівень публікацій українських авторів,
ефективність, патентний обіг та перспективи інновацій в Україні. охарактеризувати світовий ринок нанотехнологій
та рівень розвитку нанотехнологій в Україні та надати прогноз інноваційного розвитку в державі та світі.
Матеріали і методи. використано статистичні дані наукового потенціалу України, кількості науководослідних ро
біт в Україні, матеріали щодо кількісного та якісного рівня наукових публікацій український авторів, патентного
обігу, ефективності інновацій в Україні за період 2010—2017 рр. для прогнозування інноваційного розвитку в Украї
ні та світі на найближчі десятиліття.
Результати. зроблено оцінку наукового потенціалу України, сьогоднішнього рівня нанотехнологій, інновацій та тен
денцій їхнього подальшого розвитку. cформовано прогноз інноваційного розвитку в Україні та світі до 2030 року.
Висновки. Україна має потужний науковий потенціал, але рівень патентної та інноваційної активності в Україні
низький. На фоні інтеграції українських науковців у світову спільноту спостерігається значне збільшення кількості
спільних наукових публікацій українських науковців із закордонними колегами.
Ключові слова : інноваційна діяльність, патенти, нанотехнології, науководослідна робота.
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