Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device

This paper demonstrates theoretical modeling of a quantum well structure optical integrated device. The constituent devices of the developed structure are a Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) to detect the optical infrared signal, a Heterojunction Phototransistor (HPT) to amplify the signal,...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics
Date:2017
Main Authors: Eladl, Sh.M., Saad, M.H.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України 2017
Online Access:https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/214931
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Journal Title:Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Cite this:Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device / Sh.M. Eladl, M.H. Saad // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2017. — Т. 20, № 2. — С. 204-209. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ.

Institution

Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
_version_ 1860279406022361088
author Eladl, Sh.M.
Saad, M.H.
author_facet Eladl, Sh.M.
Saad, M.H.
citation_txt Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device / Sh.M. Eladl, M.H. Saad // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. — 2017. — Т. 20, № 2. — С. 204-209. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ.
collection DSpace DC
container_title Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics
description This paper demonstrates theoretical modeling of a quantum well structure optical integrated device. The constituent devices of the developed structure are a Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) to detect the optical infrared signal, a Heterojunction Phototransistor (HPT) to amplify the signal, and a Light Emitting Diode (LED) to emit this signal in a visible form. The model is based on the transient behavior of the constituent parts of the structure. The dominant pole approximation scheme is used to reduce its transfer function. The convolution theorem is used to get the overall transient response of the device under consideration. All interesting parameters concerning the transient response, rise time, and output derivatives are theoretically investigated. The results show that the overall transient behavior, output derivative, and rise time of the considered structure are approximately the same as those of the constituent device possessing the lowest cutoff frequency. This type of model can be applied with high sensitivity in the upconversion of infrared or far infrared range for image signal processing.
first_indexed 2026-03-21T13:44:50Z
format Article
fulltext Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2017. V. 20, N 2. P. 204-209. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo20.02.204 © 2017, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 204 PACS 07.57.Kp, 85.35.Be, 85.60.Dw, 85.60.Jb Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device Sh.M. Eladl and M.H. Saad Radiation Eng. Dept., 3 Ahmed Elzomor St., NCRRT, P.O. Box 29, Nasr City, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt Abstract. This paper demonstrates theoretical modeling of a quantum well structure optical integrated device. The constituent devices of the developed structure are a Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) to detect the optical infrared signal, a Heterojunction Phototransistor (HPT) to amplify the signal, and a Light Emitting Diode (LED) to emit this signal in a visible form. The model is based on the transient behavior of the constituent parts of the structure. The dominant pole approximation scheme is used to reduce its transfer function. The convolution theorem is used to get the overall transient response of the device under consideration. All interesting parameters concerning the transient response, rise time, output derivatives are theoretically investigated. The results show that the overall transient behavior, output derivative, and rise time of the considered structure are approximately the same as the constituent device possessing the lowest cutoff frequency. This type of model can be applied with high sensitivity in the up conversion of infrared or far infrared range for image signal processing. Keywords: quantum well infrared photodetector, heterojunction phototransistor, light emitting diode, quantum well structure, optical integrated device. Manuscript received 19.11.16; revised version received 05.04.17; accepted for publication 14.06.17; published online 18.07.17. 1. Introduction For optical image processing applications, it is necessary to focus on devices and components that can detect, pro- cess, and transmit information with great adaptability and better efficiency [1]. An effective scheme is deve- loped by integrating of Quantum Well Infrared Photo- detector (QWIP) and a Light Emitting Diode (LED) to be used as a pixel detector to far or middle infrared radiation with near infrared or visible output, the structure with this scheme is called as up converter [2]. The QWIP is applied for under IR light illumination where its resistance decreases, which yields the voltage drop across the LED to increase and, therefore, an increase in the output intensity. This device is thus an IR converter [3, 4]. When a forward bias voltage is applied, recombination between the photo- current electrons from the detector side and the injected holes take place giving rise to an intensified light in the LED side. To improve the quantum efficiency of the up converter, a bottom mirror for the infrared detector side and a resonant cavity for the emitting side are introduced. In this way, the quantum efficiency could be 5–6-fold increased, and the contrast transfer function is even better in comparison with that of the conventional structure [5]. Other theoretical and experimental investigations for conversion from mid infrared to visible LED (MIR type-I LEDs) were developed. Simulation results show that a good control of the optical wavelength and efficient confinement for carrier in the active region is obtained if a MQW active region in the structure design is included [6] The improvement of selectivity inherent to these devices can be made by using quantum well infrared photodetectors having a resonator (R-QWIP). The Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2017. V. 20, N 2. P. 204-209. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo20.02.204 © 2017, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 205 benefit of resonances is to increase the quantum conversion efficiency [7-9]. These detectors will convert the far infrared light signal to be amplified by HBT which derive a visible Light Emitting Diode (LED). The input infrared light signal is applied to the developed quantum well structure as it is converted to photo-excited carriers by the Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP); the HBT is used to amplify the QWIP output electric signal; and the LED is driven by this output amplified signal transferred from the HBT and radiates an intensified light of near infrared or visible range. The dynamic response of this structure was analyzed being based on the frequency response of its constituent devices [9]. This paper focuses on examining the closest constituent device of the developed structure to its exact dynamic behavior. The pole approximation scheme and convolution theorem are two useful methods to complete this issue, this analysis is important for designing and deeper understanding this type of structure. The paper is organized as follows: formulation of the specified parameters that describes the transient response, derivative, and rise time is presented in Section 2. The generated curves as results are outlined and discussed in Section 3. Finally, conclusion of this work and an important note to continue the research of this subject have been discussed in Section 4. 2. Theoretical analysis The schematic layer structure of the device under study is shown in Fig. 1. To understand the transient response of the device version under study, it is important to investigate the transient response of each element that constitutes it. The recognition of the characteristic equation describing the overall transient response becomes available when the transient response equation of each element is known. Fig. 1. Schematic structure of an integrated QWIP-HBT-LED pixel. The relative overall frequency response can be obtained from [10] as follows: ( ) ( ) ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ω ω +⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ω ω +⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ω ω + = = ηηη ω =ω LEDHBTQWIP LEDHBTQWIP 111 1 jjj S R . (1) The transfer function of the QWIP-HBT-LED structure has three distinct real roots, it is possible to use useful approximations to reduce the model to the first order system. The most common way to do that is to use the dominant pole approximation scheme. This method is applied to the transfer function in the form of frequency, time or Laplace domain. The dominant pole of the structure means the one that is closer to the origin on Pole-Zero Map which means the slowest pole. This method is restricted to the examination of the transient response and can’t be applied to calculate the bandwidth of the structure. The dominant pole approximation scheme can be applied as ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ω<ω<ω ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ω ω + =ω ω<ω<ω ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ω ω + =ω ω<ω<ω ⎟ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ω ω + =ω =ω QWIPHBTLED LED LED QWIPLEDHBT HBT HBT LEDHBTQWIP QWIP QWIP for 1 1 for 1 1 for 1 1 j R j R j R R (2) where ηQWIP, ηHBT, and ηLED are the conversion efficiency of QWIP, HBT, and LED, respectively. Also, ωQWIP, ωHBT, and ωLED are the cutoff frequency of QWIP, HBT, and LED, respectively. Let R1(t), R2(t), and R3(t) be the relative transient responses at the output side of QWIP, HBT, and LED, respectively. The convolution among them is also a function of time and is denoted by [11]. If the input light is assumed as a unit step time signal, the convolution theorem is applied to the constituent devices as ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ),1 QWIP QWIP 0 1 QWIP 0 t t edRtUtRtR ω−−=λλλ−== ∫ (3) where U(t – λ) is a unit step input signal delayed by time λ and RQWIP (λ) is RQWIP (t) at time λ. Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2017. V. 20, N 2. P. 204-209. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo20.02.204 © 2017, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 206 If the unit input light is inputted to HBT, the individual relative time response for HBT can be get as ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )t t edRtUtR HBT1HBT 0 HBT 0 ω−−=λλλ−= ∫ , (4) where RHBT (λ) is RHBT (t) at time λ. At the output side of HBT, one can get ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) λλλ−=⋅= ∫ dRtRtRtRtR t HBT 0 1HBT12 . (5) The above equation is calculated as ( ) { }HBTQWIP QWIPHBTQWIPHBT HBTQWIP 2 1 ω−ω− ω−ω−ω+ω× × ω−ω = ee tR . (6) If the unit input light is inputted to LED, the individual relative time response for LED can be get as ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )t t edRtUtR LED1LED 0 LED 0 ω−−=λλλ−= ∫ . (7) At the end of the LED part, the relative response of the output signal is calculated as ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) λλλ−=⋅= ∫ dRtRtRtRtR t LED 0 2LED2 , (8) where RLED (λ) is RLED (t) at time λ. Then ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ωω−ω ωω − −ωω− −ωω+ωω− −ωω+ωω− −ωω−ωω+ +ωω−ωω = ω− ω− ω− ω− t t t t e e e e tR LED QWIP HBT HBT HBTQWIP 2 LED HBTQWIP LED 2 HBT LED 2 HBTHBT 2 LED QWIP 2 LEDQWIP 2 HBT QWIP 2 LEDLED 2 QWIP HBT 2 QWIPLED 2 QWIP , (9) where ( )( ) . 1 QWIPLEDLEDQWIPQWIPHBTLEDHBT 2 HBT 0 ω−ωωω+ωω−ωω−ω =R (10) The final state of transient response of the structure can be expressed as ( ) .1lim LED 2 HBTHBT 2 LED QWIP 2 LEDQWIP 2 HBT LED 2 QWIPHBT 2 QWIP 0 = ⎪ ⎪ ⎭ ⎪⎪ ⎬ ⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩ ⎪⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ωω+ωω− −ωω+ωω− −ωω+ωω− == ∞→ RtRR tf (11) The derivative of the transient response of the device is expressed by ( )tR dt d , which is a measure of the device speed, this quantity can be expressed as: ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎭ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎩ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ωω−ω ωωω + +ωω+ +ωωω+ +ωωω = ω− ω− ω− ω− t t t t e e e e RtR dt d LED QWIP HBT HBT HBTQWIP 2 LED HBTQWIPLED LED 2 HBT HBTQWIP 2 LED HBTLED 2 QWIP 0 . (12) The rise time of the considered structure is the time needed for the signal to reach the final value Rf. By using the approximation where ωHBT is the lowest cutoff frequency, the rise time is expressed as: ( ) ( ) ⎪⎭ ⎪ ⎬ ⎫ ⎪⎩ ⎪ ⎨ ⎧ ωω−ωωηηη + × × ω − = QWIP 2 HBTHBT 2 QWIPLEDHBTQWIP HBT 1 ln 1 fRH T , (13) where .LED 2 HBTHBT 2 LEDQWIP 2 LED QWIP 2 HBTLED 2 QWIPHBT 2 QWIP ωω+ωω−ωω+ +ωω−ωω+ωω−=H (14) 3. Results and discussions The device parameters used in the following calculations are as follow, ωQWIP = 1 GHz, ωHBT = 0.1 GHz, ωLED = 1.2 GHz and ηQWIP ηHBT ηLED = 1. The input infrared radiation is assumed as a step function in time. The first set of curves shown in Fig. 2a represents the transient behavior of the developed structure where ωHBT is chosen to be the smallest cutoff frequency. The solid line curve represents the exact response and the dotted line curve corresponds to the first order dominant pole approximation concerning HPT, while the dashed line curve corresponds to the first order dominant pole approximation for LED, and the dashed dotted line indicates the QWIP approximation. It is clear from the Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2017. V. 20, N 2. P. 204-209. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo20.02.204 © 2017, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 207 figure the exact response of the considered structure is in close with the first order HPT response, this is because ωb = 0.1 GHz is close to zero in the pole-zero map than ωQWIP and ωLED as in Fig. 2b. Fig. 3 shows variation of the output derivative with time (which measures the speed of the output changes) at the three approaches of the constituent devices. It is clear that the cutoff frequency of the device plays a major role in determining the response speed, since the large value of cutoff frequency yields the device to arrive to its final state quickly unlike those with a smaller value. The output derivative concerning both QWIP and LED decreases with time, while nearly increases with time as regarding HPT and all the structure. The decrease with time for both QWIP and LED is caused by their higher cutoff frequencies, which helps to reduce the arrival time to their final state. The output derivative concerning HPT is similar to the output derivative of all structure due to the closest HPT pole to zero than the other concerning both QWIP and LED as in Fig. 2b. Fig. 2a. Relative transient response for constituent devices approximation and exact response at ωb = 0.1 GHz. Pole-Zero Map Real Axis (seconds -1) Im ag in ar y A xi s (s ec on ds -1 ) -1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0.120.240.380.50.640.76 0.88 0.97 0.120.240.380.50.640.76 0.88 0.97 0.20.40.60.811.2 Fig. 2b. P-Z Map for ωHBT = 0.1 GHz, ωQWIP = 1 GHz, ωLED = 1.2 GHz. Fig. 3. Output derivative for constituent devices approximation and exact response at ωb = 0.1 GHz. When there is no negative pole close to zero as in Fig. 4a, there is no similarity in response among the constituent devices with the response of all the structure. This fact is clear in Fig. 4b, where the cutoff frequencies concerning QWIP, HBT, and LED are close to each other so they have the same and close behavior. -1.4 -1.2 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 -1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0.120.240.380.50.640.76 0.88 0.97 0.120.240.380.50.640.76 0.88 0.97 0.20.40.60.811.2 Pole-Zero Map Real Axis (seconds -1) Im ag in ar y A xi s (s ec on ds -1 ) Fig. 4a. P-Z Map for ωHBT = 1.1 GHz, ωQWIP = 1 GHz, ωLED = 1.2 GHz. Fig. 4b. Relative transient response for constituent devices approximation and exact response at ωb = 1.1 GHz. Closest pole to zero Time t, ns O ut pu t d er iv at iv e, n s-1 QWIP Approximation HBT Approximation LED Approximation Exact QWIP Approximation HBT Approximation LED Approximation Exact Time t, ns R el at iv e re sp on se , R (t ) No pole close to zero R el at iv e r es po ns e, R (t ) Time t, ns QWIP Approximation HBT Approximation LED Approximation Exact Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2017. V. 20, N 2. P. 204-209. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo20.02.204 © 2017, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 208 Also, the output derivative itself exihibits a similar and close behavior as concerning QWIP, HBT, and LED due to their nearby cutoff frequencies as clear in Fig. 5. It is shown from the figure the output derivative increases with time because it takes larger time to reach its final value due to the overall delay time through the layers of QWIP, HBT, and LED. The final state value depends on the quantum efficiencies of QWIP, HBT, and LED, where it is assumed to be ηQWIP ηHBT ηLED = 1 in the proposed model. When this final value increases the device needs more time to catch it, hence the rise icreases as illustrated in Fig. 6. It is shown that the cutoff frequency plays a major role in controlling the rise time, also the rise time behavior for HBT is again in close proximity to the rise time behavior of all the structure. If the value of cutoff frequency of HBT is increased to close the cutoff frequency for both QWIP and LED, the rise time behavior of the overall structure is quitely different from the other constituent devices as illustrated in Fig. 7. Fig. 5. Output derivative for constituent devices approximation and exact response at ωb = 1.1 GHz. Fig. 6. Rise time versus final state Sf ωb = 0.1 GHz. Fig. 7. Rise time versus final state Sf at ωb = 1.1 GHz. 4. Conclusion and future work Analytical modeling concerning the temporal behavior of a quantum well structure optical integrated device has been developed in this paper. The structure contains a quantum well infrared photodetector to detect the signal, a heterojunction phototransistor for amplifying, and a light emitting diode for emitting visible light range. This modeling is based on applying dominant pole approximation scheme and convolution theorem. The analytical expressions concerning all identities of transient response are determined. The results show that the transient behavior of the developed structure is in close proximity with the constituent device which has the smallest cutoff frequency. The quantum efficiency of any constituent device causes an enhancement in the transient response. Also, the constituent device with a higher cutoff frequency has no effect on both the rise time and the output derivative of the device. As a future extension to this study, the use of a resonant cavity to modeling this device is planned to show the effect of all interesting parameters on its dynamic behavior. References 1. Lu W, Liu Z L, Zhen H L, et al. A detector for infrared near-infrared � wavelength up-conversion. PRC Patent, 200610028489.9, 2. Qasaimeh O., Zhou W., Bhattacharya P. et al. Monolithically integrated low-power phototransceivers for optoelectronic parallel sensing and processing applications. J. Lightwave Technology. 2001. 19, No. 4. P. 546–552. 3. Ryzhii V., Liu H.C., Khmyrova I., and Ryzhii M. Analysis of integrated quantum-well infrared photodetector and light-emitting diode for implementing pixelless imaging device. IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 2007. 33. P. 1527–1531. QWIP Approximation HBT Approximation LED Approximation Exact Time t, ns O ut pu t d er iv at iv e, n s-1 Final state, Sf R is e tim e, n s QWIP Approximation HBT Approximation LED Approximation Exact Final state, Sf R is e tim e, n s QWIP Approximation HBT Approximation LED Approximation Exact Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics, 2017. V. 20, N 2. P. 204-209. doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo20.02.204 © 2017, V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 209 4. Zhen H.L., Xiong D.Y., Zhou X.C. et al. Study on the p-type QWIP-LED device. Sci. China Ser. G: Phys. Mech. Astron. 2006. 36. P. 401–410. 5. PRC Patent, 200610028489.9. A detector for infrared–near-infrared wavelength up-conversion. W. Lu, Z.L. Liu, H.L. Zhen et al. 2006-06-30. 6. L. Wu and W. Shen, Resonant-cavity-enhanced far- infrared upconversion imaging devices. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 2007. 43, No. 5. P. 411–418. 7. Ding Y., Meriggi L., Steer M. et al. Design, simulations, and optimizations of mid-infrared multiple quantum well LEDs. J. Procedia Eng. 2016. 140. P. 36–42. 8. Sun J., Choi K., and Olver K. Fabrication of resonator-quantum well infrared photodetector test devices. J. Micro/Nanolith. MEMS MOEMS. 2014. 13. P. 013004. 9. Sun J. and Choi K. Fabrication of resonator– quantum well infrared photodetector focal plane array by inductively coupled plasma etching. J. Opt. Eng. 2016. 55, No. 2. P. 026119. 10. Eladl Sh., Nasr A., and Aboshosha A. Dynamic characteristics of QWIP-HBT-LED optoelectronic integrated devices. Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics. 2009. 12, No. 3. P. 260–263. 11. Mishra R., Saxena R., and Jain R. Application of FRFT convolution theorem in filtering. Intern. J. Information Eng. 2013. 3, Issue 3, P. 71–75.
id nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-214931
institution Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
issn 1560-8034
language English
last_indexed 2026-03-21T13:44:50Z
publishDate 2017
publisher Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України
record_format dspace
spelling Eladl, Sh.M.
Saad, M.H.
2026-03-04T12:52:31Z
2017
Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device / Sh.M. Eladl, M.H. Saad // Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics &amp; Optoelectronics. — 2017. — Т. 20, № 2. — С. 204-209. — Бібліогр.: 11 назв. — англ.
1560-8034
PACS: 07.57.Kp, 85.35.Be, 85.60.Dw, 85.60.Jb
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/214931
https://doi.org/10.15407/spqeo20.02.204
This paper demonstrates theoretical modeling of a quantum well structure optical integrated device. The constituent devices of the developed structure are a Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) to detect the optical infrared signal, a Heterojunction Phototransistor (HPT) to amplify the signal, and a Light Emitting Diode (LED) to emit this signal in a visible form. The model is based on the transient behavior of the constituent parts of the structure. The dominant pole approximation scheme is used to reduce its transfer function. The convolution theorem is used to get the overall transient response of the device under consideration. All interesting parameters concerning the transient response, rise time, and output derivatives are theoretically investigated. The results show that the overall transient behavior, output derivative, and rise time of the considered structure are approximately the same as those of the constituent device possessing the lowest cutoff frequency. This type of model can be applied with high sensitivity in the upconversion of infrared or far infrared range for image signal processing.
en
Інститут фізики напівпровідників імені В.Є. Лашкарьова НАН України
Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics &amp; Optoelectronics
Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device
Article
published earlier
spellingShingle Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device
Eladl, Sh.M.
Saad, M.H.
title Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device
title_full Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device
title_fullStr Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device
title_short Analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device
title_sort analysis of a quantum well structure optical integrated device
url https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/214931
work_keys_str_mv AT eladlshm analysisofaquantumwellstructureopticalintegrateddevice
AT saadmh analysisofaquantumwellstructureopticalintegrateddevice