Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators
Preliminary data on the production of medical radionuclides ⁴⁷Sc, ¹¹⁴In, ¹⁹²Ir and ¹⁹¹Os, ¹⁹¹mOs by the photonuclear method are reported. The targets were irradiated in the bremsstrahlung beam of the NSC KIPT accelerator LU-20 at an accelerated electron energy of 29 MeV and a beam current of 10 μA....
Saved in:
| Date: | 2006 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України
2006
|
| Series: | Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79881 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Journal Title: | Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| Cite this: | Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators / A.N. Dovbnya, G.P. Kovtun, A.V. Torgovkin, V.L. Uvarov, B.I. Shramenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 168-170. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
Institution
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine| id |
nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-79881 |
|---|---|
| record_format |
dspace |
| spelling |
nasplib_isofts_kiev_ua-123456789-798812025-02-09T17:05:07Z Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators Оценка наработки изотопов Os, Ir, Sc, In на линейных ускорителях электронов Оцінка напрацювання ізотопів Os, Ir, Sc, In на лінійних прискорювачах електронів Dovbnya, A.N. Kovtun, G.P. Torgovkin, A.V. Uvarov, V.L. Shramenko, B.I. Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях Preliminary data on the production of medical radionuclides ⁴⁷Sc, ¹¹⁴In, ¹⁹²Ir and ¹⁹¹Os, ¹⁹¹mOs by the photonuclear method are reported. The targets were irradiated in the bremsstrahlung beam of the NSC KIPT accelerator LU-20 at an accelerated electron energy of 29 MeV and a beam current of 10 μA. The required isotopes were produced in the following channels of nuclear reactions: ⁵¹V(γ,α) ⁴⁷Sc; ⁴⁸Ti(γ,p)⁴⁷Sc; ¹⁹³Ir(γ,n) ¹⁹²Ir; ¹⁹²Os(γ,n) ¹⁹¹Os, ¹⁹¹mOs; 115In(γ ,n)¹¹⁴In. The useful product yields (specific activities) at the end of irradiation, normalized to 1 hour of target irradiation at an average beam current of 1 μA, were obtained. Представлены предварительные экспериментальные результаты по наработке медицинских радионуклидов ⁴⁷Sc, ¹¹⁴ In, ¹⁹²Ir и ¹⁹¹Os, ¹⁹¹mOs фотоядерным методом. Облучение мишеней проводилось на пучке тормозного излучения ускорителя ЛУ-20 ННЦ ХФТИ при энергии ускоренных электронов 29 МэВ и токе пучка 10 мкА. Необходимые изотопы образуются по следующим каналам ядерных реакций ⁵¹V(γ,α) ⁴⁷Sc; ⁴⁸Ti(γ ,p)⁴⁷Sc; ¹⁹³Ir(γ,n) ¹⁹²Ir; ¹⁹²Os(γ,n) ¹⁹¹Os, ¹⁹¹mOs; 115In(γ,n) ¹¹⁴In. Измерены значения выхода (удельной активности) полезного продукта на момент окончания облучения, нормированные на 1 час облучения мишеней при величине среднего тока пучка 1 мкА. Надано попередні експериментальні результати по напрацюванню медичних радіонуклідів ⁴⁷Sc, ¹¹⁴In, ¹⁹²Ir та ¹⁹¹Os, ¹⁹¹mOs фотоядерним методом. Опромінення мішеней проводилось на пучку гальмівного випромінювання прискорювача ЛП-20 ННЦ ХФТІ при енергії прискорених електронів 29 МeВ та струмі пучка 10 мкА. Необхідні ізотопи утворюються за наступними каналами ядерних реакцій ⁵¹V(γ,α) ⁴⁷Sc; ⁴⁸Ti(γ ,p)⁴⁷Sc; ¹⁹³Ir(γ,n) ¹⁹²Ir; ¹⁹²Os(γ,n) ¹⁹¹Os, ¹⁹¹mOs; 115In(γ,n) ¹¹⁴In. Виміряні виходи (питомої активності) корисного продукту на момент закінчення опромінення, що нормовано на 1 годину опромінення мішеней при середньому струмі пучка 1 мкА. 2006 Article Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators / A.N. Dovbnya, G.P. Kovtun, A.V. Torgovkin, V.L. Uvarov, B.I. Shramenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 168-170. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. 1562-6016 PACS: 29.17.+w https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79881 en Вопросы атомной науки и техники application/pdf Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| institution |
Digital Library of Periodicals of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| collection |
DSpace DC |
| language |
English |
| topic |
Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях |
| spellingShingle |
Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях Dovbnya, A.N. Kovtun, G.P. Torgovkin, A.V. Uvarov, V.L. Shramenko, B.I. Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| description |
Preliminary data on the production of medical radionuclides ⁴⁷Sc, ¹¹⁴In, ¹⁹²Ir and ¹⁹¹Os, ¹⁹¹mOs by the photonuclear method are reported. The targets were irradiated in the bremsstrahlung beam of the NSC KIPT accelerator LU-20 at an accelerated electron energy of 29 MeV and a beam current of 10 μA. The required isotopes were produced in the following channels of nuclear reactions: ⁵¹V(γ,α) ⁴⁷Sc; ⁴⁸Ti(γ,p)⁴⁷Sc; ¹⁹³Ir(γ,n) ¹⁹²Ir; ¹⁹²Os(γ,n) ¹⁹¹Os, ¹⁹¹mOs; 115In(γ ,n)¹¹⁴In. The useful product yields (specific activities) at the end of irradiation, normalized to 1 hour of target irradiation at an average beam current of 1 μA, were obtained. |
| format |
Article |
| author |
Dovbnya, A.N. Kovtun, G.P. Torgovkin, A.V. Uvarov, V.L. Shramenko, B.I. |
| author_facet |
Dovbnya, A.N. Kovtun, G.P. Torgovkin, A.V. Uvarov, V.L. Shramenko, B.I. |
| author_sort |
Dovbnya, A.N. |
| title |
Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators |
| title_short |
Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators |
| title_full |
Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators |
| title_fullStr |
Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators |
| title_sort |
estimation of os, ir, sc, in isotope production at electron linear accelerators |
| publisher |
Національний науковий центр «Харківський фізико-технічний інститут» НАН України |
| publishDate |
2006 |
| topic_facet |
Применение ускорителей в радиационных технологиях |
| url |
https://nasplib.isofts.kiev.ua/handle/123456789/79881 |
| citation_txt |
Estimation OF Os, Ir, Sc, In isotope production at electron linear accelerators / A.N. Dovbnya, G.P. Kovtun, A.V. Torgovkin, V.L. Uvarov, B.I. Shramenko // Вопросы атомной науки и техники. — 2006. — № 3. — С. 168-170. — Бібліогр.: 6 назв. — англ. |
| series |
Вопросы атомной науки и техники |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT dovbnyaan estimationofosirscinisotopeproductionatelectronlinearaccelerators AT kovtungp estimationofosirscinisotopeproductionatelectronlinearaccelerators AT torgovkinav estimationofosirscinisotopeproductionatelectronlinearaccelerators AT uvarovvl estimationofosirscinisotopeproductionatelectronlinearaccelerators AT shramenkobi estimationofosirscinisotopeproductionatelectronlinearaccelerators AT dovbnyaan ocenkanarabotkiizotopovosirscinnalinejnyhuskoritelâhélektronov AT kovtungp ocenkanarabotkiizotopovosirscinnalinejnyhuskoritelâhélektronov AT torgovkinav ocenkanarabotkiizotopovosirscinnalinejnyhuskoritelâhélektronov AT uvarovvl ocenkanarabotkiizotopovosirscinnalinejnyhuskoritelâhélektronov AT shramenkobi ocenkanarabotkiizotopovosirscinnalinejnyhuskoritelâhélektronov AT dovbnyaan ocínkanapracûvannâízotopívosirscinnalíníjnihpriskorûvačahelektronív AT kovtungp ocínkanapracûvannâízotopívosirscinnalíníjnihpriskorûvačahelektronív AT torgovkinav ocínkanapracûvannâízotopívosirscinnalíníjnihpriskorûvačahelektronív AT uvarovvl ocínkanapracûvannâízotopívosirscinnalíníjnihpriskorûvačahelektronív AT shramenkobi ocínkanapracûvannâízotopívosirscinnalíníjnihpriskorûvačahelektronív |
| first_indexed |
2025-11-28T10:36:52Z |
| last_indexed |
2025-11-28T10:36:52Z |
| _version_ |
1850030132193918976 |
| fulltext |
ESTIMATION OF Os, Ir, Sc, In ISOTOPE PRODUCTION AT ELEC-
TRON LINEAR ACCELERATORS
A.N. Dovbnya, G.P. Kovtun, A.V. Torgovkin, V.L. Uvarov, B.I. Shramenko
NSC KIPT, Kharkov, Ukraine
E-mail: bshram@kipt.kharkov.ua
Preliminary data on the production of medical radionuclides 47Sc, 114In, 192Ir and 191Os, 191mOs by the photonuclear
method are reported. The targets were irradiated in the bremsstrahlung beam of the NSC KIPT accelerator LU-20 at
an accelerated electron energy of 29 MeV and a beam current of 10 μA. The required isotopes were produced in the
following channels of nuclear reactions: 51V(γ,α)47Sc; 48Ti(γ,p)47Sc; 193Ir(γ,n)192Ir; 192Os(γ,n)191Os,191mOs; 115In(γ
,n)114In. The useful product yields (specific activities) at the end of irradiation, normalized to 1 hour of target irradia-
tion at an average beam current of 1 μA, were obtained.
PACS: 29.17.+w
1. INTRODUCTION
An accumulated wide experience on isotope produc-
tion and separation has made it possible to substantially
extend a range of radionuclides that can be used for nu-
clear medicine purposes. More stringent requirements
on radiation load reduction for both the patients and the
clinic personnel play an important part in introduction
of new-generation radionuclides into medical practice.
At present, there is a world-wide search for new diag-
nostic and therapeutic isotopes that would have accept-
able characteristics, in particular, a high tropic property,
and would not involve high-level wastes in their produc-
tion. A great quantity of radioactive wastes during pro-
duction of 99Mo → 99mTc generators [1-3], the problems
of their disposal, and the negative attitude of the com-
munity to the issues of nuclear reactor operation con-
tribute to a gradual decrease in technetium generator
production by the reactor method. A qualitatively differ-
ent situation appears when considering high-current
electron linear accelerators (ELA) as tools for producing
radionuclides by the photonuclear method. At present,
in Ukraine, there are a number of linear accelerators that
have wide ranges of electron energy and beam current
[4,5] and can be advantageously used for the purpose.
The adaptation of the output units of the accelerators to
the tasks of radionuclide production will require substan-
tially lesser expenses than building and putting into oper-
ation of 40...100 MeV cyclotrons. Besides, some issues in
production of isotopes, particularly, long-lived isotopes
and the ones used in medical isotope generators, can be
solved simultaneously with other irradiation programs.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The table given below characterizes some promising
isotopes, the production of which seems expedient at the
ELA [4]. To determine experimentally the levels of ac-
tivity produced, Os, Ir, Ti, V, Ni, In targets were cho-
sen. Metal samples of In, Ir and Os, as well as Ni of nat-
ural composition were used, while Ti and V targets were
chosen to produce 47Sc isotopes. This choice of radionu-
clides was dictated by the possibility of radiochemical
separation of the required isotope from the target ma-
trix. Apart from the fact that 47Sc has the 159 keV γ-line
that is acceptable for diagnostics, this isotope being the
β-radiator holds promise for radioimmunotherapy of tu-
mors [4].
To obtain the data on the radiation field at the loca-
tion site of each target, the targets were supplied with
“check test pieces”. The last ones presented thin copper
foils that were cut out to repeat the shape of the target;
each check test piece was packed together with its re-
spective target. The “total” check test piece had a size
knowingly greater than the cross section of the γ-beam
in the target-disposed plane.
The Os, V, Ti, In, Ir targets were irradiated at the
electron linac LU-20 at accelerated electron energy of
29 MeV. The residual-activity γ-spectra of the samples
were measured at the spectrometry bench with the use
of the 100 cm3 Ge(Li) detector [6].
After irradiation, the activity of each check test piece at
the moment of irradiation end was measured. The ratio of
the activity of an individual check test piece to the activity
of the common check test piece is approximately equal to
Table 1. Characteristics of isotopes produced at the ELA
No Isotope Radiation energy, keV
β-particles γ-radiation Half-life Application
1 47Sc 600 159 3.4 days Radioimmunotherapy
2 103Pd 20.5 16.9 days Brachytherapy
3 111In 171; 245 2.8 days Universal
4 114mIn 1980 190 49 days Universal
5 180mTa 57 9.1 hours Brachytherapy
6 181W 59 121 days Brachytherapy
7 186Re 1080 137 90.6 hours Osteotherapy
8 188Re 2135 155 16.9 hours Osteotherapy
9 191Os 139 129 15 days Radiotherapy
10 192Ir 670 316; 468 74 days Brachytherapy
____________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 3.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (47), p.168-170.168
the γ-beam utilization factor. The beam utilization factor
is quantitatively determined by the ratio of the γ-quan-
tum flux passing through the target section to the total γ-
quantum flux passing through the target-disposed plane.
According to preliminary estimates, the error of deter-
mining the beam utilization factor due to different pho-
tonuclear reaction thresholds does not exceed 15%.
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The gamma-radiation spectra from the Ir target ir-
radiated for 1 hour are presented in Fig.1. Fig.1,a
shows the 186 keV, 361 keV, 371 keV, 407 keV,
605 keV γ-lines of 190Ir isotope. The next measure-
ment of the spectrum was performed after a lapse of
150 days (i.e., 2 half-lives of 192Ir isotope). For this
period of time the 190Ir isotope decays practically
completely, and the radiation spectrum of the target
shows only the lines of the 192Ir isotope, as can be
seen in Fig.1,b.
100 200 300 400 500 600
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
In
te
ns
Energy, keV
a)
100 200 300 400 500 600
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
In
te
ns
Energy, keV
b)
Fig.1. Gamma-radiation spectra of Ir target: 2 days
(a) and 150 days (b) after irradiation
The calculations of specific activity of the men-
tioned nuclides give the following values:
8.7·105 Bq/g·μA for 192Ir and 4·106 Bq/g·μA for 190Ir.
The isotope 47Sc was produced by means of the
following two reactions: 48Ti(γ,p)47Sc and 51V(γ,α)
47Sc. Fig.2 shows the spectra from irradiated titanium
and vanadium targets. The two spectra provide a reli-
able identification of the isotope 47Sc (T1/2=3.4 days)
by the 159 keV γ-line. The comparison between the
spectra from vanadium and tantalum targets suggests
the conclusion about a preferential use of the titanium
target, since its radiation spectrum has a better purity
as compared with the spectrum of irradiated vanadi-
um. Furthermore, the comparison between specific
activity values of 47Sc has shown that with the use of
the titanium target the specific production of 47Sc is
higher than in the vanadium target case. The calculated
specific activity values of different radionuclides are
given in Table 2.
100 200 300 400 500
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
In
te
ns
Energy, keV
a)
100 200 300 400 500
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
In
te
ns
Energy, keV
b)
Fig.2. Gamma-radiation spectra of irradiated titani-
um (a) and vanadium (b) targets
Table 2. Specific production values of some radionuclides
No Reaction Target
mass, g
Initial isotope
fraction
Average
beam cur-
rent, μA
Beam uti-
lization fac-
tor K
Specific ac-
tivity
Bq/g·μA
Specific activity
without K taken into
account, Bq/g·μA
192Os(γ,n)191Os 0.54 0.41 9 0.126 1.19⋅10 5 1.51⋅10 4
1 51V(γ,α)47Sc 0.14 0.99 9 0.118 1.90⋅10 5 2.24⋅10 4
115In(γ,n)114In 0.2 0.96 9 0.816 1.91⋅10 5 1.56⋅10 5
193Ir (γ,n)192Ir 0.07 0.615 57 0.155 8.68⋅10 5 1.34⋅10 5
51V(γ,α)47Sc 0.14 0.99 57 0.18 1.27⋅10 5 2.28⋅10 4
2 48Ti( γ,p)47Sc 0.045 0.74 57 0.75 4.21⋅10 5 3.16⋅10 5
192Os(γ,n)191Os 0.54 0.41 57 0.126 1.45⋅10 5 1.82⋅10 4
____________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 3.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (47), p.168-170.169
4. CONCLUSIONS
1. From the analysis of publications it has been estab-
lished that nuclear medicine tends to turn to ra-
dionuclides of new generation, and a list of ra-
dionuclides that can be produced at electron linacs
has been drawn up (Table 1). Of most interest are
the isotopes 57Co, 58Co, 47Sc, 114mIn, 186Re, 188Re,
191Os, 192Os, 192Ir, which have intense γ-lines in the
energy range used for medical purposes. A possible
use of unenriched targets of natural composition is
an additional factor in favor of isotope production
by the photonuclear method.
2. The value of specific activity produced in irradiated
targets is high enough to consider the photonuclear
method of isotope production as an alternative to
the cyclotron technique.
REFERENCES
1. N. Staurina. Will the native nuclear medicine sur-
vive? // Med. Vestnik. 2002, №29 (in Russian).
2. Suresh C. Srivastava. Is there life after technetium:
what is the potential fror developing new broad-
based radioniclides? // Seminars in Nuclear
Medicine. 1996, v.XXVI, №2, p.119-131.
3. N.P. Dikiy, Yu.V. Lyashko, V.L. Uvarov,
I.N. Shlyakhov. Ecological aspects of 99Mo/99mTc
production at an electron accelerator // Problems of
Atomic Science and Technology. Series: Nuclear
Physics Investigations. 2004, №1(42), p.191-193.
4. N.P. Dikiy, A.N. Dovbnya, Yu.V. Lyashko et al.
Production of medical isotopes at electron accelera-
tors // Problems of Atomic Science and Technology.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations. 2000,
№2(36), p.58-61.
5. M.I. Ayzatsky, V.N. Boriskin, A.M. Dovbnya et al.
The NSC KIPT electron linacs. R & D. // Problems
of Atomic Science and Technology. Series: Nuclear
Physics Investigations. 2003, №2(41), p.19-24.
6. A.V. Torgovkin. B.I. Shramenko. Gamma spec-
trometer for measuring characteristics of radionu-
clides // Problems of Atomic Science and Technolo-
gy. Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations. 2002,
№2(40), p.69-71.
ОЦЕНКА НАРАБОТКИ ИЗОТОПОВ Os, Ir, Sc, In НА ЛИНЕЙНЫХ
УСКОРИТЕЛЯХ ЭЛЕКТРОНОВ
А.Н. Довбня, Г.П. Ковтун, А.В. Торговкин, В.Л. Уваров, Б.И. Шраменко
Представлены предварительные экспериментальные результаты по наработке медицинских радионукли-
дов 47Sc, 114In, 192Ir и 191Os, 191mOs фотоядерным методом. Облучение мишеней проводилось на пучке тормоз-
ного излучения ускорителя ЛУ-20 ННЦ ХФТИ при энергии ускоренных электронов 29 МэВ и токе пучка
10 мкА. Необходимые изотопы образуются по следующим каналам ядерных реакций 51V(γ,α)47Sc; 48Ti(γ
,p)47Sc; 193Ir(γ,n)192Ir; 192Os(γ,n)191Os,191mOs; 115In(γ,n)114In. Измерены значения выхода (удельной активности) по-
лезного продукта на момент окончания облучения, нормированные на 1 час облучения мишеней при ве-
личине среднего тока пучка 1 мкА.
ОЦІНКА НАПРАЦЮВАННЯ ІЗОТОПІВ Os, Ir, Sc, In НА ЛІНІЙНИХ
ПРИСКОРЮВАЧАХ ЕЛЕКТРОНІВ
А.М. Довбня, Г.П. Ковтун, О.В. Торговкін, В.Л. Уваров, Б.І. Шраменко
Надано попередні експериментальні результати по напрацюванню медичних радіонуклідів 47Sc, 114In, 192Ir
та 191Os, 191mOs фотоядерним методом. Опромінення мішеней проводилось на пучку гальмівного
випромінювання прискорювача ЛП-20 ННЦ ХФТІ при енергії прискорених електронів 29 МeВ та струмі
пучка 10 мкА. Необхідні ізотопи утворюються за наступними каналами ядерних реакцій 51V(γ,α)47Sc; 48Ti(γ
,p)47Sc; 193Ir(γ,n)192Ir; 192Os(γ,n)191Os,191mOs; 115In(γ,n)114In. Виміряні виходи (питомої активності) корисного
продукту на момент закінчення опромінення, що нормовано на 1 годину опромінення мішеней при
середньому струмі пучка 1 мкА.
____________________________________________________________
PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. 2006. № 1.
Series: Nuclear Physics Investigations (47), p.
170
REFERENCES
|