Побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем
This work conducts a technical analysis of the current production and consumption of vegetable oils and some of the oily byproducts to determine the potential feedstock for the synthesis of non-food-competitive surfactants and surfactant-based systems. It defines the concentrated phosphatides (phosp...
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V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2021
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| author | Bodachivska, L.Yu. |
| author_facet | Bodachivska, L.Yu. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "L.Yu. Bodachivska",
"institution": "V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 1, Murmanska str.,02094 Kyiv, Ukraine"
}
] |
| author_sort | Bodachivska, L.Yu. |
| baseUrl_str | https://kataliz.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2021-12-10T12:36:12Z |
| description | This work conducts a technical analysis of the current production and consumption of vegetable oils and some of the oily byproducts to determine the potential feedstock for the synthesis of non-food-competitive surfactants and surfactant-based systems. It defines the concentrated phosphatides (phosphatidic sludge) as no-/low- value streams, appropriately suited for chemical valorisation. The study further creates biobased surfactants by amidation of phosphatidic sludge derived from refinery of sunflower and rapeseed oils with monoethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, or N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, under the action of calcium hydroxide as catalyst in excellent yields (95–98 %). Besides waste remediation, the use of phosphatides enabled to create the mixed surfactant compositions, comprising fatty acid alkanolamides and calcium glycerolphosphatides with improved solubility in organic non-polar solvents. With new surfactants, there have been created reversed emulsion systems, which can be potentially applied to the development and exploitation of gas and oil deposits are recommended for drilling wells, the disclosure of productive strata; perforation of wells and development of productive layers; blockage of gas, gas condensate and oil wells; elimination of manifestations and flow of gas in wells; limitation and elimination of waterways; cleaning of the hollow zone of wells and intensification of the inflow of hydrocarbon raw materials, which have been tested in laboratory and experimental industrial conditions, and a significant part of them have been introduced or tested on gas condensate fields. Creation of coordinated, effective and economical actions that should be formed in the state energy policy of Ukraine would facilitate the development of oil and gas companies, namely: increase of own oil and gas production; maximizing the potential of energy saving; diversification of external sources of supply; approximation of the parameters of the oil and gas industry to the norms and standards of the European Union. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/kataliz2021.31.055 |
| first_indexed | 2026-03-12T15:49:41Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2021, № 31 55
ISSN 2707-5796. Kataliz ta naftohimia. 2021, 31
Side streams from the vegetable oil production as feedstock for
surfactants and their derivative technical systems
L.Yu.. Bodachivska
V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy
of Sciences of Ukraine, 1, Murmanska str.,02094 Kyiv, Ukraine, bodach@ukr.net
This work conducts a technical analysis of the current production and consumption of vegetable oils and some
of the oily byproducts to determine the potential feedstock for the synthesis of non-food-competitive surfactants and
surfactant-based systems. It defines the concentrated phosphatides (phosphatidic sludge) as no-/low- value streams,
appropriately suited for chemical valorisation. The study further creates biobased surfactants by amidation of
phosphatidic sludge derived from refinery of sunflower and rapeseed oils with monoethanolamine, N-(2-
hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, or N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, under the action of calcium hydroxide as
catalyst in excellent yields (95–98 %). Besides waste remediation, the use of phosphatides enabled to create the mixed
surfactant compositions, comprising fatty acid alkanolamides and calcium glycerolphosphatides with improved
solubility in organic non-polar solvents. With new surfactants, there have been created reversed emulsion systems,
which can be potentially applied to the development and exploitation of gas and oil deposits are recommended for
drilling wells, the disclosure of productive strata; perforation of wells and development of productive layers; blockage
of gas, gas condensate and oil wells; elimination of manifestations and flow of gas in wells; limitation and elimination
of waterways; cleaning of the hollow zone of wells and intensification of the inflow of hydrocarbon raw materials,
which have been tested in laboratory and experimental industrial conditions, and a significant part of them have been
introduced or tested on gas condensate fields. Creation of coordinated, effective and economical actions that should
be formed in the state energy policy of Ukraine would facilitate the development of oil and gas companies, namely:
increase of own oil and gas production; maximizing the potential of energy saving; diversification of external sources
of supply; approximation of the parameters of the oil and gas industry to the norms and standards of the European
Union.
Keywords: : phosphatidic sludge, organic synthesis, surfactants, reversed emulsions.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Introduction
There have been manifold technical systems in the
market, specifically designed to intensify extraction of
crude oil and natural gas. They vary by origin
(petrochemical- or plant-based), chemical composition,
functional abilities, and market cost. To date, the
prevailed quantities of technical products are made from
petrochemical feedstock, of which toxicity and low
biodegradability there is a dramatic environmental
change. In view of the reduction of the environmental
change, there is a want to develop technical systems,
such as technical emulsions and suspensions, based on
environmentally friendly, renewable feedstock. When it
comes to the production of surfactants, and surface-
active formulations, the major feedstock for
biomanufactory remains vegetable oils; these products
are less hazardous and are considered to be renewable
[1,2]. The problem is that such surfactants are mostly
produced from refined edible oils that compete with the
food supply chain. In the present study, the focus is on
the valorisation of non-food-competitive side streams
from vegetable oil production and consumption that are
compatible with ecological requirements to technical
systems but which have only few commercialisable
applications.
The works [1–5] demonstrated that the use of
byproducts from vegetable oils manufacturing and
secondary animal fat streams to produce technical
surfactants could be alternative to the commonly applied
refined substrates, such as rapeseed, sunflower, or corn
oils. For example, in earlier works, there have been
adopted varied vegetable oils to the synthesis of
surfactants and invert dispersed systems (i.e. polar
dispersed phase in non-polar bulk phase) thereof for
their application in the exploitation of crude oil wells, as
well as for the total well reconstruction [1]. Besides this
and few other studies [1, 6, 7], to the best of our
knowledge, there is limited or no information that relates
to the synthesis and properties of commercially applied
plant-based emulsifiers and their physicochemical
properties from unrefined or waste lipoid sources. These
warrant an exploration of the synthesis methods and the
availability of the feedstock to uncover potential ways to
manufacture non-food-competitive plant-based
surfactants. This work addresses this issue.
Which synthesis method is the best? Among the
variety of synthetic approaches, the amidation of
vegetable oils allows to produce a unique group of
surfactants, namely fatty acid amides. These amides
possess the high surface activity and create very dense
UDC 665.372; 661.185
https://doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2021.31.055
https://doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2020.29.001
mailto:bodach@ukr.net
56 Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2021, № 31
ISSN 2707-5796. Kataliz ta naftohimia. 2021, 31
surface mono-, and sometimes poly-layers, of the strong
N–H···O=C hydrogen bonding between amide groups
[8, 9]. Such assembly between phase surfaces provides a
variety of functions, for example, colloidal stability of
emulsions [10]. The production of FAA from refined
oils is not new and can be frequently met in literature.
As a case in point, the amidation can be performed under
acid- or base-catalysed conditions using alkanolamines
as nucleophiles [11, 12]. With these versatile methods,
there have been many surfactants synthesised from
rapeseed oil [11–13], and herein, it is anticipated that
similar techniques can be applied to convert non-food-
competitive lipoid substrates.
Which type of non-food biomass is the best?
While it is predictable that common synthesis practice,
such as amidation, can be adopted in the production of
surfactants from most lipoid feedstocks, it remains
unclear which substrates would be the most sustainable.
Therefore, the total analysis of the harvesting of lipoid
crops, along with accompanying generation of the
undervalued streams is required and is represented
hereinafter with a focus on Ukraine.
In 2020, the gross production of oil crops in
Ukraine decreased by 2,537 thousand tons (from 24.2
million tons in 2019 to 21.663 million tons in 2020) with
the use of almost similar areas of arable lands (~8.885
million ha in 2019 and 8.809 in 2020). From the total
harvest, rapeseed seeds accounted for 2.62 million tons,
sunflower seeds for 16.272 million tons, and soybean
seeds for 2.771 million tons, from which 2.42, 6.88, and
1.67 million tons oils, respectively, were exported to the
countries of the European Union. For Ukrainian national
consumption, 100 thousand tons of sunflower seeds
were allocated for technical application and 50 thousand
tons for food use. It is estimated that the 2020 harvest of
sunflower simultaneously generated 440–580 thousand
tons of low value streams, including residues after
sedimentation and aqueous treatment, leading to the
formation of phosphatidic sludge (PS, mixtures of
phosphatides and vegetable oils) [14–18]. These streams
can potentially be effectively employed in the
production of non-food-competitive technical
surfactants, simultaneously strengthening the Ukrainian
national economy. In this work, this potential is
researched in the production of varied surface-active
fatty acid alkanolamides (FAA). These new surfactants
are further deployed in technical emulsions to test their
operational abilities.
Materials and Methods
Materials. PS from the production of sunflower
and rapeseed oils was supplied from Zaporizhian Oil and
Fat Combinate, as per DSTU 4525. These materials
comprise triacylglycerides with saturated (palmitic,
stearic) and unsaturated (oleic, linolic, linoleic, gadoleic,
erucic) fatty acid chains, along with phospholipids, such
as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine,
phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, and
phosphatidic acids. When received, these products were
additionally dried under reduced pressure (5–10 mbar) to
remove residual water and avoid any potential side
reactions during storage. The dehydrated product
appeared as viscous dark-brown liquids, named as PSs
(derived from sunflower oil) and PSr (derived from
rapeseed oil). Composition, including fatty acid
composition, of PSr and PSs are represented in Table 1.
All other materials, including monoethanolamine (MEA),
N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (HED), N,N’-bis(2-
hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine (BHED), calcium
hydroxide, and diesel oil (for the emulsion preparation),
were used as received from commercial sources.
Analytical methods. IR spectra were recorded on
the IR-spectrometer Shimadzu IRAffinity-1Sn with ATR-
console Speacac GS 10801-B. Differential thermal
analysis (DTA), differential thermogravimetry (DTG),
and thermal gravimetry (TG) were performed employing
Derivatograph Q-1500D in a temperature range 20–
500°С and heating rate 10 °С·min–1. Operating
characteristics of reversed emulsions were established
according to standard procedures given in РД 39-2-645-
81. All other technical properties were measured using
standard laboratory methods.
Table 1. Composition of PS from sunflower (PSs) and rapeseed (PSr) oils
Content PSs PSr
Phospholipids, % 51.7 50.5
Oil, % 46.8 48.2
Components insoluble in diethylether, % 1.2 1.1
Water, % 0.3 0.2
Fatty acid composition (acyl residue), %
C16:0 (palmitic) 3.7 1.9
C18:0 (stearic) 4.7 1.8
C18:1 (oleic) 2.3 15.3
C18:2 (linoleic) 40.9 21.5
C18:3 (linolenic) 25.9 7.0
C20:1 (gadoleic) 2.2 2.1
C22:1 (erucic) 0.3 50.4
Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2021, № 31 57
ISSN 2707-5796. Kataliz ta naftohimia. 2021, 31
General methods. The synthesis of FAA was
conducted employing base-catalysed amidation of PSs
and PSr by MEA, HED, or BHED. Briefly, the syntheses
were conducted by reactions of known amounts of PS
(0.1 mol) and alkanolamines (0.3 mol) under the action of
calcium hydroxideas catalyst (40 mol%, based on PS).
The reaction systems were introduced to the round-
bottom flask equipped with reflux condenser and
mechanical stirrer and were heated under constant
agitation at 80–100 °C for 0.5 h and at 110–125 °C for
2.5 h. Reaction progress was monitored by potentiometric
titration of amines, and by IR-analyses of the probes of
the reaction media during the course of the processes.
After syntheses, the unreacted amines were removed at
elevated temperature (60–80 °C) under reduced pressure
(5–10 mbar) in the nitrogen flow. As described earlier
[19,20], calcium hydroxide forms complexes with
phosphatides; therefore, any recovery of the catalyst or
further purification was considered. FAA were named
according to the source of PS and amine used for their
production (PS-amine).
Preparation of reversed emulsions. To research
emulsifying and stabilising properties of synthesised
products, they have been used in the preparation of
reversed emulsion systems. These systems can potentially
be applied as technical fluids for oil well exploitation [1].
All emulsions were prepared by mixing known amounts
of surfactants (0.1–2.5 wt%, based on the emulsion),
mineralised water (a mixture of deionised water and
calcium chloride; 40 and 7 wt%, based on the emulsion,
respectively) and diesel oil (50.5–52.9 wt%, based on the
emulsion) for 2 minutes at agitation rate 5,000 rpm.
Results and Discussion
Syntheses results are represented in Table 2, from
which it is certain that reactions under selected conditions
almost reached their completion, providing high yields of
targeted FAA (96–98 %). There was noted that the use of
BHED provided somewhat lower yields, likely associated
with lower reaction rates of secondary amines. However,
this should not be considered a disadvantage as the
targeted products and unreacted PS, apparently in the
form of mono- or diacylglycerides, similarly possess high
surface activity, which can be beneficial for varied
application needs of mixed surfactants. This is one of the
reasons why the proposed synthesis method avoids any
refining of the product but the distillation of unreacted
amines.
In earlier works [19, 20], there was a notion that
alkaline metal hydroxides led to the formation of
insoluble in organic solvents fractions of
glycerolphosphatides. Follow-up solubility tests
presented that all products are soluble in aliphatic
(pentane, hexane, octane, petroleum ether), aromatic
(toluene, xylene), and chlororganic (dichloromethane,
chloroform) solvents without leaving any insoluble
portions. These results suggest the interaction of calcium
hydroxide, the catalyst, and residual
glycerolphosphatides, which complexes are known to be
oil-soluble materials [19, 20]. However, the exact nature
of calcium-phosphatides complexes remains to be
established.
The IR analysis identified the formation of FAA
(Figure 1). In IR spectra of the products (Figure 1), new
characteristic bands at 3300 cm–1 (N–H stretching
vibrations), 1640 cm–1 (C=O amide stretching
vibrations), and at 1560 cm–1 (N–H amide bending
vibrations) appeared after reactions of PS and
alkanolamines. At the same time, the characteristic
vibrations of ester bonds at 1740 cm–1 (C=O ester
stretching vibrations) disappeared after syntheses,
additionally providing evidence in favour of the
generation of FAA [19–21].
There have been also noted changes at 3600–3000
cm–1 (O–H stretching vibrations) and at 1050 cm–1 (Р–О
stretching vibrations of РООН) [21], likely associated
with the interaction of phosphatides and calcium
hydroxide. Considering the combined data, it is proposed
the reaction course, as pictorially represented in Scheme
1.
Table 2. Synthesis of FAA from PS and their technical properties
Product Yield, wt% Consistence
Acid value,
mg KOH/g
Fluidity temp,
°C
PSs-MEA 98 S o l i d 0.90 59
PSs-HED 98 S o l i d 0.09 55
PSs-BHED 96 S o l i d 0.09 53
PSr-MEA 98 S o l i d 0.81 55
PSr-HED 97 S o l i d 0.06 53
PSr-BHED 95 S o l i d 0.06 51
PSs and PSr = phosphatidic sludge derived from sunflower and rapeseed oils, respectively. MEA = monoethanolamine,
HED = N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine. BHED = N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine. Reaction conditions: PS
(0.1 mol), alkanolamines (0.3 mol), calcium hydroxide (40 mol %, based on PS), 80–100 °C, 0.5, and then 110–125 °C, 2.5 h
58 Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2021, № 31
ISSN 2707-5796. Kataliz ta naftohimia. 2021, 31
Fig. 1. Representative IR spectra of PS (1) and FAA (2).
Scheme 1. Proposed conversion of phospholipids into FAA. R = alkyl or alkenyl fatty acid residues. X = H or serine
residue. Alkanolamine = monoethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, or N,N’-bis(2-
hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine
DTA and DTG analyses revealed the extend of the
thermal stability of FAA obtained from PS (Figure 2).
DTA curve fixed three exothermic transitions at 40, 150
and 214 °C (Figure 2), which are accompanied by the
loss of weight of FAA (Figure 2). Specifically, the
weight loss started at 91 °C that can be considered a
dehydration process, for example, through the removal
of water from the surface-active amide groups [21]. The
dehydration is accounted for 5% of the total weight
losses. Further mass losses occurred at 181, and 336 °C
(95% of total weight losses) and are likely attributed to
the thermal decomposition of the product in several
steps, which mechanisms are not yet clear. Such
observations were noted for all produced FAA. From
these results, it is deemed that synthesised amides can be
exploited in technical processes at temperatures up to
180 °C; this high is a reasonable borderline in the
surfactant application chemistry [1,2, 22-23].
Finally, all synthesised products were deployed in
the production of reversed (water-in-oil) emulsions. In
an attempt to research a minimum required
concentration of newly made surfactants to stabilize
emulsions, the starting concentration of FAA was 0.1–
0.25 wt%, based on emulsion; this is close to the critical
micellar concentration for this class of surfactants.
However, such amounts were low for adequate
stabilisation of the water/diesel oil emulsions and led to
the speedy phase separation. Pleasingly, a follow-up
increase of the surfactant concentration to 1.5–2.5 wt%
improved the stability of emulsions, leading to the
formation of highly stable dispersed systems (>90 days,
Table 3). Noteworthy, the emulsions with new FAA
remain stable even after extended storage at elevated
temperature (80 °C) and in the conditions of the
electrical stability tests (Table 3). These results shine the
promise on the potential application of PS-derived FAA
in varied drilling fluids during exploitation of crude oil
and gas wells under forcing operation parameters.
Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2021, № 31 59
ISSN 2707-5796. Kataliz ta naftohimia. 2021, 31
Fig. 2. DTA, TG, and DTG curves of PS-derived FAA.
Table 3. Composition and technical properties of emulsions prepared with FAA
Composition of emulsions Technical properties of emulsions
Surfactant-product,
wt%
Aqueous phase, wt%
Diesel
oil, wt%
Viscosity,
Pa·s
Thermal
stability
at 80 оС,
days
Stability
to phase
separation,
days
Electrical
stability, V
Н2О СаСl2
PSs (MEA) –0.1 40 7 52.9 0.150 0 1 60
PSs (MEA) –2.5 40 7 50.5 0.215 >9 >90 220
PSs (HED) – 2.5 40 7 50.5 0.189 8 >90 170
PSs (BHED) – 2.5 40 7 50.5 0.205 >9 >90 200
PSr (MEA) – 2.5 40 7 50.5 0.192 >9 >90 180
PSr (HED) – 2.5 40 7 50.5 0.214 7 >90 190
PSr (BHED) – 2.5 40 7 50.5 0.179 >9 >90 150
PSs and PSr = phosphatidic sludge derived from sunflower and rapeseed oils, respectively. MEA = monoethanolamine,
HED = N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine. BHED = N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine.
Conclusions
This work explored the potential of phosphatidic
sludge as a promising non-food-competitive feedstock
for the production of technical surfactants. It employs
undervalued phosphatides derived from sunflower and
rapeseed oils to the base-catalysed amidation with
monoethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine,
or N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine. The study
demonstrated that the catalyst, calcium hydroxide,
allows high yields (95–98 %) of targeted fatty acid
alkanolamides, and simultaneously coordinates
glycerolphosphatides, which render their high solubility
in non-polar organic media. At the same time, thermal
analyses of the synthesised products ensure their
stability at elevated temperatures (up to 180 °C). These
altogether led to the exploitation of biobased surfactants
as emulsifiers for the creation of highly stable reversed
emulsions for potential application as drilling fluids are
recommended for the disclosure of productive strata;
perforation of wells and development of productive layers;
blockage of gas, gas condensate and oil wells; elimination of
manifestations and flow of gas in wells; limitation and
elimination of waterways; cleaning of the hollow zone of
wells and intensification of the inflow of hydrocarbon raw
materials, which have been tested in laboratory and
experimental industrial conditions, and a significant part of
them have been introduced or tested on gas condensate fields.
60 Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2021, № 31
ISSN 2707-5796. Kataliz ta naftohimia. 2021, 31
Creation of coordinated, effective and economical actions that
should be formed in the state energy policy of Ukraine would
facilitate the development of oil and gas companies, namely:
increase of own oil and gas production; maximizing the
potential of energy saving; diversification of external sources
of supply; approximation of the parameters of the oil and gas
industry to the norms and standards of the European Union.
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Надійшла до редакції 11.05.2020 р.
https://doi.org/10.15407/%20kataliz%202019.28.001
https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.2018.40.01.12
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene
Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2021, № 31 61
ISSN 2707-5796. Kataliz ta naftohimia. 2021, 31
Побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення
поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем
Л.Ю. Бодачівська
Інститут біоорганічної хімії та нафтохімії ім. В.П. Кухаря НАН України,
вул. Мурманська, 1, Київ, Україна, 02094, bodach@ukr.net
Виходячи з оцінки технічного аналізу, поточного виробництва й споживання рослинних олій та
побічних продуктів від їх виробництва, визначено потенційну сировину для синтезу ПАР, що не конкурує з
харчовою продукцією. Це фосфатиди (фосфатидні концентрати) низької вартості, які можливо беспосередньо
використовувати для хімічної трансформації. Створено поверхнево-активні речовини на біологічній основі
трансамідуванням фосфатидного концентрату, отриманого при рафінуванні соняшникової та ріпакової олій,
моноетаноламіном, N-(2-гідроксіетил)етилендіаміном або N,N`-біс(2-гідроксіетил)етилендіаміном під дією
кальцію гідроксид як реагента каталізатора з ефективними виходами (95-98 %). Окрім усунення відходів,
використання фосфатидів дозволило розробити композиції з використанням ПАР, які включають алкілоламіди
жирних кислот та гліцеролфосфатиди кальцію з покращеною розчинністю в органічних неполярних
розчинниках. З розробленими поверхнево-активними речовинами були створені інвертні емульсійні системи,
які можуть застосовуватись для розробки та експлуатації родовищ нафти та газу: для буріння свердловин,
розкриття продуктивних пластів; перфорації свердловин, освоєння продуктивних пластів; глушіння газових,
газоконденсатних і нафтових свердловин; усунення проявів і плину газу в свердловинах; обмеження та ліквідації
водопроявів; очищення привибійної зони свердловин, інтенсифікації припливу вуглеводневої сировини. Інвертні
емульсії випробувані в лабораторних і дослідно-промислових умовах, значна частина з них впроваджена чи
апробована на газоконденсатних родовищах. Скоординовані, ефективні та економічні дії, які мають сформуватись у
державній енергетичній політиці України, сприятимуть розвитку нафтогазодобувних підприємств, а саме: збільшенню
видобутку власних нафти і газу; максимальному залученню потенціалу енергозбереження; диверсифікації зовнішніх
джерел постачання; наближенню параметрів нафтогазодобувної галузі до норм і стандартів Європейського Союзу.
Ключові слова: фосфатидний концентрат, органічний синтез, поверхнево-активні речовини, інвертні
емульсії.
mailto:bodach@ukr.net
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| id | oai:katalizorgua:article-14 |
| institution | Catalysis and petrochemistry |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-03-12T15:49:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021 |
| publisher | V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | katalizorgua/74/151463a80996e8745cba444d9c551d74.pdf |
| spelling | oai:katalizorgua:article-142021-12-10T12:36:12Z Side streams from the vegetable oil production as feedstock for surfactants and their derivative technical systems Побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем Bodachivska, L.Yu. phosphatidic sludge organic synthesis surfactants reversed emulsions фосфатидний концентрат органічний синтез поверхнево-активні речовини інвертні емульсії This work conducts a technical analysis of the current production and consumption of vegetable oils and some of the oily byproducts to determine the potential feedstock for the synthesis of non-food-competitive surfactants and surfactant-based systems. It defines the concentrated phosphatides (phosphatidic sludge) as no-/low- value streams, appropriately suited for chemical valorisation. The study further creates biobased surfactants by amidation of phosphatidic sludge derived from refinery of sunflower and rapeseed oils with monoethanolamine, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, or N,N’-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine, under the action of calcium hydroxide as catalyst in excellent yields (95–98 %). Besides waste remediation, the use of phosphatides enabled to create the mixed surfactant compositions, comprising fatty acid alkanolamides and calcium glycerolphosphatides with improved solubility in organic non-polar solvents. With new surfactants, there have been created reversed emulsion systems, which can be potentially applied to the development and exploitation of gas and oil deposits are recommended for drilling wells, the disclosure of productive strata; perforation of wells and development of productive layers; blockage of gas, gas condensate and oil wells; elimination of manifestations and flow of gas in wells; limitation and elimination of waterways; cleaning of the hollow zone of wells and intensification of the inflow of hydrocarbon raw materials, which have been tested in laboratory and experimental industrial conditions, and a significant part of them have been introduced or tested on gas condensate fields. Creation of coordinated, effective and economical actions that should be formed in the state energy policy of Ukraine would facilitate the development of oil and gas companies, namely: increase of own oil and gas production; maximizing the potential of energy saving; diversification of external sources of supply; approximation of the parameters of the oil and gas industry to the norms and standards of the European Union. Виходячи з оцінки технічного аналізу, поточного виробництва й споживання рослинних олій та побічних продуктів від їх виробництва, визначено потенційну сировину для синтезу ПАР, що не конкурує з харчовою продукцією. Це фосфатиди (фосфатидні концентрати) низької вартості, які можливо беспосередньо використовувати для хімічної трансформації. Створено поверхнево-активні речовини на біологічній основі трансамідуванням фосфатидного концентрату, отриманого при рафінуванні соняшникової та ріпакової олій, моноетаноламіном, N-(2-гідроксіетил)етилендіаміном або N,N`-біс(2-гідроксіетил)етилендіаміном під дією кальцію гідроксид як реагента каталізатора з ефективними виходами (95-98 %). Окрім усунення відходів, використання фосфатидів дозволило розробити композиції з використанням ПАР, які включають алкілоламіди жирних кислот та гліцеролфосфатиди кальцію з покращеною розчинністю в органічних неполярних розчинниках. З розробленими поверхнево-активними речовинами були створені інвертні емульсійні системи, які можуть застосовуватись для розробки та експлуатації родовищ нафти та газу: для буріння свердловин, розкриття продуктивних пластів; перфорації свердловин, освоєння продуктивних пластів; глушіння газових, газоконденсатних і нафтових свердловин; усунення проявів і плину газу в свердловинах; обмеження та ліквідації водопроявів; очищення привибійної зони свердловин, інтенсифікації припливу вуглеводневої сировини. Інвертні емульсії випробувані в лабораторних і дослідно-промислових умовах, значна частина з них впроваджена чи апробована на газоконденсатних родовищах. Скоординовані, ефективні та економічні дії, які мають сформуватись у державній енергетичній політиці України, сприятимуть розвитку нафтогазодобувних підприємств, а саме: збільшенню видобутку власних нафти і газу; максимальному залученню потенціалу енергозбереження; диверсифікації зовнішніх джерел постачання; наближенню параметрів нафтогазодобувної галузі до норм і стандартів Європейського Союзу. V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2021-11-01 Article Article application/pdf https://kataliz.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/14 10.15407/kataliz2021.31.055 Catalysis and petrochemistry; No. 31 (2021): Catalysis and petrochemistry; 55-61 Каталіз та нафтохімія; № 31 (2021): Каталіз та нафтохімія; 55-61 2707-5796 2412-4176 10.15407/kataliz2021.31 en https://kataliz.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/14/5 |
| spellingShingle | фосфатидний концентрат органічний синтез поверхнево-активні речовини інвертні емульсії Bodachivska, L.Yu. Побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем |
| title | Побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем |
| title_alt | Side streams from the vegetable oil production as feedstock for surfactants and their derivative technical systems |
| title_full | Побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем |
| title_fullStr | Побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем |
| title_full_unstemmed | Побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем |
| title_short | Побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем |
| title_sort | побічні продукти виробництва рослинних олій як сировина для створення поверхнево-активних речовин та технічних систем |
| topic | фосфатидний концентрат органічний синтез поверхнево-активні речовини інвертні емульсії |
| topic_facet | phosphatidic sludge organic synthesis surfactants reversed emulsions фосфатидний концентрат органічний синтез поверхнево-активні речовини інвертні емульсії |
| url | https://kataliz.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/14 |
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