Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation
In this article the problems associated with the corrosion processes of equipment in oil and gas production are analyzed. The basic anticorrosive methods and means used in modern conditions are considered. Taking into account the mechanism and conditions of corrosion processes in the extraction and...
Gespeichert in:
| Datum: | 2022 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2022
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online Zugang: | https://kataliz.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/83 |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Назва журналу: | Catalysis and petrochemistry |
| Завантажити файл: |  |
Institution
Catalysis and petrochemistry| _version_ | 1872009046657073152 |
|---|---|
| author | Ivanenko, Olena I. Shabliy, Tetiana O. Nosachova, Yuliia V. Kosmyna, Mykola M. |
| author_facet | Ivanenko, Olena I. Shabliy, Tetiana O. Nosachova, Yuliia V. Kosmyna, Mykola M. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Olena I. Ivanenko",
"institution": "National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» Peremogy Avenu 37\/4, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Tetiana O. Shabliy",
"institution": "National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» Peremogy Avenu 37\/4, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Yuliia V. Nosachova",
"institution": "National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» Peremogy Avenu 37\/4, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine"
},
{
"author": "Mykola M. Kosmyna",
"institution": "National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute» Peremogy Avenu 37\/4, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine"
}
] |
| author_sort | Ivanenko, Olena I. |
| baseUrl_str | https://kataliz.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2023-01-20T10:02:18Z |
| description | In this article the problems associated with the corrosion processes of equipment in oil and gas production are analyzed. The basic anticorrosive methods and means used in modern conditions are considered. Taking into account the mechanism and conditions of corrosion processes in the extraction and transportation of oil-containing products and gas condensate, the chemical method of protection of the equipment was chosen for research. Both known inhibitors based on phosphonic acids and synthesized substances based on sulfonates, imidazolines, and diamines were used as chemicals in the research. As a result of the research, the effectiveness of protection of metals from corrosion depending on the composition of highly mineralized medium, metal type, inhibitor type, and its concentration was evaluated and the effectiveness of the developed scale stabilizer (sodium dimethylsulfonate phosphinate) was evalu-  ated in comparison with known reagents. It is shown that the effectiveness of protection of metals from corrosion in aqueous-petroleum mixtures with alkylimidazoline inhibitors (derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-1,3-diazole or 4,5-dihydroimidazole) and inhibitors developed on the basis of sunflower oil and diethylenetriamine (AC-1), ethylenedi-amine (AC-2) reaches 90% in doses of 5 - 50 mg/dm3. In addition, corrosion processes are often accompanied by processes of deposition of hardness salts on the surface of the equipment, which leads to a significant complication in the operation of the equipment. Therefore, studies of the anti-scale properties of these reagents under harsh conditions were performed. Real concomitant gas production waters were used as the medium. It was found that sodium di-methylsulfonate phosphinate is a very effective stabilizer of scale formation and is not inferior in effectiveness to known antiscalants. The proposed reagents can be used to stabilize water-oil mixtures and associated formation waters formed during the production and transportation of oil and gas. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.15407/kataliz2022.33.066 |
| first_indexed | 2026-03-12T15:50:16Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
66 Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2022, №33
ISSN 2707-5796. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, 2022, 33
UDC 620.197.3;628.168.3
https://doi.org/10.15407/kataliz2022.33.066
Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation
Olena I. Ivanenko*, Tetiana O. Shabliy, Yuliia V. Nosachova, Mykola M. Kosmyna
National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute»
Peremogy Avenu 37/4, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine; olenka.vasaynovich@gmail.com
In this article the problems associated with the corrosion processes of equipment in oil and gas production are
analyzed. The basic anticorrosive methods and means used in modern conditions are considered. Taking into account
the mechanism and conditions of corrosion processes in the extraction and transportation of oil-containing products
and gas condensate, the chemical method of protection of the equipment was chosen for research. Both known inhibi-
tors based on phosphonic acids and synthesized substances based on sulfonates, imidazolines, and diamines were
used as chemicals in the research. As a result of the research, the effectiveness of protection of metals from corrosion
depending on the composition of highly mineralized medium, metal type, inhibitor type, and its concentration was
evaluated and the effectiveness of the developed scale stabilizer (sodium dimethylsulfonate phosphinate) was evalu-
ated in comparison with known reagents. It is shown that the effectiveness of protection of metals from corrosion in
aqueous-petroleum mixtures with alkylimidazoline inhibitors (derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-1,3-diazole or 4,5-
dihydroimidazole) and inhibitors developed on the basis of sunflower oil and diethylenetriamine (AC-1), ethylenedi-
amine (AC-2) reaches 90% in doses of 5 - 50 mg/dm3. In addition, corrosion processes are often accompanied by pro-
cesses of deposition of hardness salts on the surface of the equipment, which leads to a significant complication in the
operation of the equipment. Therefore, studies of the anti-scale properties of these reagents under harsh conditions
were performed. Real concomitant gas production waters were used as the medium. It was found that sodium di-
methylsulfonate phosphinate is a very effective stabilizer of scale formation and is not inferior in effectiveness to
known antiscalants. The proposed reagents can be used to stabilize water-oil mixtures and associated formation wa-
ters formed during the production and transportation of oil and gas.
Keywords: corrosion, inhibitor, oil-water mixtures, corrosion protection, scale stabilizer
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Introduction
One of the significant factors that negatively af-
fect the operation of oilfield equipment is internal cor-
rosion. Corrosion is a great danger for tanks, pipelines,
and other equipment in the system of extraction, trans-
portation, and storage of oil and petroleum products [1,
2]. Hydrocarbons, which are part of oil and motor fuels
in pure form, in the absence of water are corrosive
inactive in relation to metals. They become dangerous
in terms of corrosion in the presence of sulfur com-
pounds (mercaptans, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide,
etc.) [3], which is due to increased aggressiveness of
the environment.
In addition, the corrosion of metals in oil-
containing media has its own specific features and is
largely determined by the presence of dissolved and
free water [4]. Storage, transportation and use of petro-
leum products is accompanied by constant saturation
with water and condensation of water on metal sur-
faces. The water content in petroleum products can
vary widely from 0.001 to 0.01%. It depends on the
operating conditions of the technical equipment and
the climatic conditions. The main source of water ac-
cumulation in petroleum products is atmospheric mois-
ture, which condenses on metal surfaces when the
temperature of petroleum products and tank walls
changes.
In the vast majority of cases, corrosion of indus-
trial equipment occurs by electrochemical mechanism
in contact of metal with aqueous mineralized medium,
so it is advisable to use inhibitory protection of equip-
ment from corrosion. It is known that corrosion inhibi-
tors are substances whose introduction in relatively
small quantities into aggressive environments causes a
marked slowdown in the corrosion of metals. It is es-
sentially a substance that inhibits corrosion due to
competitive adsorption with activator particles and the
formation of protective adsorption or phase films on
the metal surface, sometimes with barrier properties.
Corrosion inhibitors affect the kinetics of electrode
processes that take place during corrosion, and are also
characterized by the ability to form oxide, hydroxide
or other films on the metal and convert the metal into a
passive state.
Prolonged use of carbon steel in corrosive envi-
ronments in the production and use of oil and gas re-
quires the use of effective corrosion inhibitors. At the
same time to corrosion inhibitors certain requirements
Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2022, №33 67
ISSN 2707-5796. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, 2022, 33
are put forward. They must provide the necessary pro-
tective effect when tested in model systems both under
conditions of high pressures and temperatures, and
under normal conditions: temperature +40°C, pressure
1 atm.; as well as under conditions of high flow veloci-
ties and the presence of abrasive particles [5, 6].
The inhibitor must have a low pour point (at least
50°C), good solubility in corrosive environments and
high adsorption capacity, and must not affect the stabi-
lization of water-oil emulsions.
According to the mechanism of action, inhibitors
are divided into adsorption and passivation.
Passivation inhibitors promote the formation of a
protective film on the metal surface and the transition
of the metal into a passive state. Passivators are most
widely used to combat corrosion in neutral or close
environments, where corrosion occurs mainly with
oxygen depolarization. The mechanism of action of
such inhibitors is mainly determined by their chemical
composition and structure. Among inorganic oxidizing
substances they are represented by nitrites, molyb-
dates, chromates. There are passivators that form spa-
ringly soluble compounds with corroding metal ions -
polyphosphates, silicates, alkali metal carbonates. A
separate group consists of organic compounds that are
not oxidants, but promote the adsorption of dissolved
oxygen on the metal, which leads to its passivation.
The inhibitory effect of most organic compounds is
determined by their adsorption capacity on contact
with the metal surface. As a rule, this ability is quite
high due to the presence of atoms or functional groups
in the molecules that provide active adsorption interac-
tion of the inhibitor with the metal. Such active groups
can be nitrogen-, sulfur-, oxygen- and phosphorus-
containing groups, which are adsorbed on metals by
donor-acceptor and hydrogen bonds.
The most common are inhibitors based on nitro-
gen-containing compounds [7]. Protective effect is
shown by aliphatic amines and their salts, amino alco-
hols, amino acids, azomethines, anilines, hydrazides,
imides, acrylonitriles, imines, nitrogen-containing five-
membered (imidazolines, benzotriazoles, ben-
zimidosols, etc.) and six-membered heterocycles. Phe-
nols, cyclic and linear esters, esters of allyl alcohols,
benzaldehydes and benzoic acids, alcohols, dioxanes
and others have been used.
After corrosion, salt deposition is the second most
important problem associated with the inflow of as-
sociated water. Salt deposition occurs in all methods of
well operation, but the most negative consequences of
salt deposition occur in oil production by rod submer-
sible pumps and installations of electric submersible
centrifugal pumps. Crystalline formations of inorganic
salts on the working parts of submersible pumps lead
to their increased wear, jamming and damage to the
shafts of submersible centrifugal pumps and the like.
In addition, as a result of increasing the water content
of well products, salt deposits are formed in the surface
equipment of group, metering units, oil reservoirs and
oil treatment systems (degassing, stabilization, dehy-
dration, desalination).
The main way to solve the problem of formation
of salt deposits is stabilization treatment with the help
of salt deposits stabilizers [8, 9]. The most common
stabilizing reagents are complexes containing phos-
phate ions, phosphonate ions, phosphinate ions, car-
boxylate ions, sulfonate ions [10, 11].
However, the reagents used do not always provide
a sufficiently high protective effect. Even in the condi-
tions of one oil production enterprise or field on diffe-
rent sites this indicator can differ essentially. This is
due to the solubility of the inhibitor in formation flu-
ids, low level of its compatibility with formation wa-
ters, incorrect selection of the reagent for specific con-
ditions. Usually, this problem is solved by increasing
the dosage of the reagent, but this method does not
always give a satisfactory effect. Therefore, at the pre-
sent stage it is necessary to create new inhibitors of
corrosion and scale formation, which would provide a
high protective effect in a wide range of application
conditions, or improve the quality of existing protec-
tive compositions.
The aim of this work was to conduct research to
assess the effectiveness of protection of metals from
corrosion depending on the composition of the highly
mineralized environment, the type of metal, the type of
inhibitor and its concentration; determining the effec-
tiveness of the developed scale stabilizer for highly
mineralized waters in comparison with known rea-
gents.
Experiment
The following substances were used as corrosion
inhibitors and stabilizers of salt deposition during the
research:
- alkylimidazoline (is a derivative of 4,5-dihydro-
1,3-diazole or 4,5-dihydroimidazole);
- inhibitors derived from sunflower oil and diethy-
lenetriamine (AC-1), ethylenediamine (AC-2);
- oxyethylene diphosphonic acid (HEDP,
CH3C(OH)(H2PO3)2);
- nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid (ATMP,
N(CH2PO3H2)3);
- sodium dimethylsulfonate phosphinate (SDР,
(NaSO3CH2)2P(O)ONa+).
The main factor influencing the corrosive activity
of aggressive environments is the ratio of oil and wa-
ter. As the water content in the binary water-oil emul-
sion increases, the latter stratifies with the release of
water as a separate phase. Reservoir water in contact
with oil is quite mineralized. It may contain mineral
dispersed particles (clay, sand, etc.); dissolved chlo-
68 Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2022, №33
ISSN 2707-5796. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, 2022, 33
rides, carbonates, bicarbonates, sulfates of calcium,
magnesium, sodium, potassium and iron; gaseous im-
purities: H2S, CO2, O2, hydrocarbon gases. The mine-
ralized aqueous phase belongs to the sodium chloride
type, which is dominated by sodium and calcium chlo-
rides, calcium bicarbonates; contains a small number
of sulfates in almost neutral reaction medium (poten-
tial of hydrogen 6.5 ÷ 7.5).
Therefore, to study the corrosion processes in oil
solutions, it was decided to use the following composi-
tion of the model solution: 140 cm3 NaCl (30 g/dm3),
10 cm3 oil, 0.75 and 1.5 cm3 acetic acid.
Samples of copper (C2), brass (B62) and steel
(St3 and steel 20) were used as corrosive materials in
the study.
The degree of corrosion was determined by mas-
seteric method. Metal samples in the form of rectangu-
lar plates were prepared for testing. Before the test, the
samples were ground by hand, then polished with a
mechanically thin abrasive material to completely re-
move the marks remaining from grinding, marked.
Degreasing was performed with ethyl alcohol, then
weighed on analytical balances with an accuracy of
± 0.0001 g. After completion of the tests, the corrosion
products were removed from the metal, the plates were
washed, dried, and weighed again.
The corrosion rate (W) was determined by the
formula:
−
=
S
MkMn )(
W , g/(m2∙h) (1)
where Мn – initial mass of the sample, g;
Mk – а mass of the sample after the study, g;
S – sample area, m2;
τ – duration of research, hours.
The coefficient of the corrosion rate reduction (J)
was calculated by the formula:
j = , (2)
where Wi – corrosion rate in the presence of inhib-
itor, g/(m2∙h);
Wx – idle corrosion rate, g/(m2∙h).
The degree of protection of the metal against cor-
rosion (Z) was calculated based on the coefficient of
the corrosion rate reduction, according to the formula:
%100
1
1
−=
j
Z ; (3)
where j – the coefficient of the corrosion rate reduc-
tion.
Environments for studying stabilization processes
During the production of oil, condensate and gas, to-
gether with the target product, the so-called concomitant
formation waters rise to the surface. Concomitant for-
mation waters (CFW) are a complex natural mixture con-
sisting of formation waters of the production horizon,
condensation, contour, and groundwater.
Ukraine produces about 2.1 million tons of oil annu-
ally, so it is estimated that on average, together with petro-
leum products, about 15 million tons of associated water
are produced annually. This water increases the cost of oil
production and can lead to a number of negative envi-
ronmental consequences. The impact of CFW on the
environment is characterized by salinization of fertile soils
and pollution of aquifers used for drinking and domestic
water supply. The penetration of associated water into
these horizons leads to the need for mandatory groundwa-
ter treatment or the search for new sources of water sup-
ply.
Physic-chemical properties of SPV generally cor-
respond to the properties of reservoir water of productive
horizons (Table 1). When pumping gas or oil, this water is
also contaminated with surfactants, equipment corrosion
products, petroleum products, and other contaminants.
Table 1. Characteristics of associated water of the Struten field, PJSC "UkrNafta"
Characteristic Unit of measurement The actual value of the indicator
Potential of hydrogen potential of hydrogen, units 6.9
Alkalinity is general mg-eq/dm3 10.0
Stiffness is general mg-eq/dm3 110.0
Calcium mg-eq/dm3 80.0
Magnesium mg-eq/dm3 30.0
Chlorides mg/dm3 17750.0
Sulfates mg/dm3 20.0
Total iron mg/dm3 10.0
Dry residue mg/dm3 52320.0
Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2022, №33 69
ISSN 2707-5796. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, 2022, 33
Based on the presented indicators, a model solution
was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of stabilizers
in relation to the scale formation of associated waters
(Table 2).
For a preliminary assessment of the effectiveness of
water stabilizers in relation to scale formation, a model
solution was used (Table 2). First, the inhibitor was added
to 100 cm3 of the model solution in doses of 5–20 mg/
dm3, and then the appropriate amount of soda solution.
The process was carried out at temperatures of 95-98°C
for 4-6 hours. Reagents were not added to the control
samples.
Table 2. The composition of the model environment for the study of stabilization of associated waters
Characteristic Unit of measurement The actual value of the indicator
Calcium mg-eq/dm3 84.6
Magnesium mg-eq/dm3 30.0
Chlorides mg/dm3 17700.0
NaHCO3 mg-eq/dm3 5.0
The stabilizing effect was calculated in accordance
with the reduction of water hardness as a result of heating.
Residual water hardness in the samples was determined
by trilonometry with eriochrome black T indicator.
The stabilizing effect (SE) was determined by the
formula:
SЕ= (4)
where Ті – reducing the hardness of the solution
that was treated with the inhibitor, mg-eq/dm3;
Т – reducing the hardness of the control solution
without adding an inhibitor, mg-eq/dm3.
Results and Discussion
At the initial stage of the work, the corrosion rates were
determined for three types of model solutions, which simu-
lated water-oil mixtures and which differed in the ratio of
oil: acetic acid. In addition, studies were conducted for dif-
ferent types of metals. The research results are presented in
Table 3.
Table 3. Corrosion rate of metals in water-oil mixtures of different composition
Metal
Oil content,
cm3/dm3
Acetic acid concentration,
g/dm3
The corrosion rate,
W, g/(m2∙h)
Copper
10 0
0.009
Brass 0.0006
St3 0.007
Steel 20 0.001
Copper
10 5
0.08
Brass 0.06
St3 0.20
Steel 20 0.16
Copper
10 10
0.05
Brass 0.11
St3 0.20
Steel 20 0.19
The first type of solution, which contained only
an emulsion of water with oil, was predicted to have
no pronounced corrosive properties for all types of
metals, the corrosion rate was observed at 0.0006–
0.009 g/(m2∙h). With the addition of acetic acid, which
simulated the presence of carboxyl substances in petro-
leum mixtures, the corrosion aggressiveness of the
media increased 10–200 times, depending on the type
of metal. For copper, the values of corrosion rate had
the lowest values - 0.05 g/(m2∙h), the highest values of
corrosion rate were typical for steel - up to 0.2
g/(m2∙h).
70 Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2022, №33
ISSN 2707-5796. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, 2022, 33
Therefore, for further studies to determine the ef-
fectiveness of the proposed inhibitors as aggressive
media we used water-oil emulsions with the addition
of acetic acid, as the creation of the most stringent
conditions for research.
The known alkylimidazoline inhibitor and the
synthesized AC-1 and AC-2 inhibitors were used as
inhibiting reagents. The results of determining the
effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors are presented in
Table 4.
Table 4. The effectiveness of protection of metals from corrosion depending on the composition of the me-
dium, type of metal, type of inhibitor and its concentration (I - alkylimidazoline, II - AC-1, III - AC-2)
M
et
al
O
il
c
o
n
te
n
t,
cm
3
/d
m
3
A
ce
ti
c
ac
id
c
o
n
ce
n
-
tr
at
io
n
,
g
/d
m
3
In
h
ib
it
o
r
d
o
se
,
m
g
/d
m
3
The corrosion rate,
W, g/(m2∙h)
Coefficient of the cor-
rosion rate reduction, J
Level of protection,
Z, %
І ІІ ІІІ І ІІ ІІІ І ІІ ІІІ
Copper
10 5
5 0.00 0.13 0.01 --- 0.6 7.3 100 0 86.2
10 0.007 0.11 0.01 11.4 0.7 8.0 91.2 0 87.5
20 0.001 0.07 0.008 8.0 1.2 10.0 98.8 12.2 90.0
50 0.007 0.003 0.01 11.4 26.7 8.0 91.2 96.2 87.5
Brass
5 0.02 0.006 0.01 3.0 10.0 6.0 66.6 90.0 83.3
10 0.04 0.13 0.005 1.5 0.5 12.0 33.3 0 91.7
20 0.03 0.02 0.002 2.4 3.0 30.0 58.3 66.6 96.7
50 0.04 0.01 0.04 1.5 6.0 1.5 58.3 83.3 33.3
St3
5 0.05 0.1 0.04 4.0 2.0 5.0 75.0 50.0 80.0
10 0.05 0.03 0.08 4.0 6.7 2.5 75.0 82.0 60.0
20 0.02 0.04 0.05 10.0 5.0 4.0 90.0 80.0 75.0
50 0.03 0.08 0.04 6.7 2.5 5.0 84.9 60.0 80.0
Steel 20
5 0.04 0.09 0.04 4.0 1.8 4.0 75.0 43.8 75.0
10 0.03 0.27 0.03 5.3 0.6 5.3 81.2 0 81.2
20 0.01 0.06 0.03 16.0 2.7 5.3 93.7 62.5 81.2
50 0.02 0.04 0.04 8.0 4.0 4.0 87.5 75.0 75.0
Copper
10 10
5 0.01 0.02 0.008 5.0 2.8 6.8 80.0 64.0 85.2
10 0.005 0.006 0.006 10.0 0.8 9.4 90.0 0 89.4
20 0.002 0.005 0.008 25.0 1.0 6.3 96.0 0 84.0
50 0.003 0.007 0.006 16.7 0.7 8.8 94.0 0 88.6
Brass
5 0.01 0.01 0.01 11.0 11.0 11.0 90.9 90.9 90.1
10 0.01 0.006 0.01 11.0 18.3 11.0 90.9 94.5 90.1
20 0.01 0 0.01 11.0 --- 11,0 90.9 100 90,1
50 0.02 0.02 0.01 7.9 5.8 9.2 87.2 82.6 89.1
St3
5 0.05 0.05 0.07 4.0 4.0 2.9 75.0 75.0 64.9
10 0.09 0.06 0.06 2.2 3.3 3.3 54.9 69.9 69,9
20 0.06 0.02 0.05 3.3 10.0 4.0 69.9 90.0 75.0
50 0.04 0.04 0.04 5.0 5.0 5.0 80.0 80.0 80.0
Steel 20
5 0.12 0.10 0.04 1.6 1.9 4.8 36.7 47.4 78.9
10 0.07 0.04 0.07 2.7 4.8 2.7 63.1 78.9 63.1
20 0.06 0.04 0.03 3.2 4.8 6.3 68.3 78.9 84,2
50 0.08 0.006 0.40 2.4 31.6 4.8 57.9 96.8 78.9
Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2022, №33 71
ISSN 2707-5796. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, 2022, 33
As can be seen from Table 4, the use of alkyl-
imidazoline achieved a degree of corrosion protection
of 65-95% in the concentration range of 5-50 mg/dm3
for almost all alloys. Based on the structure of alkyl-
imidazoline and its derivatives, it can be assumed that
inhibitor molecules are adsorbed on the metal surface
by nitrogen atoms, and hydrocarbon radicals with hy-
drophobic properties are directed towards the solution
and repel water and part of the aggressive medium
from the metal surface. In this case, together with the
hydro-phobicity of these groups provide shielding of a
significant part of the surface. The adsorption sites in
this case are nitrogen atoms, which is due to the elec-
tronic redistribution in the molecule. Due to this, the
nitrogen atom receives a partially positive charge.
When AC-1 and AC-2 inhibitors were used in the
same concentration range, the degree of corrosion pro-
tection was almost similar.
Study of the processes of stabilization of associated
waters of natural gas production
Most of the salt deposits of oil and gas fields con-
sist of salts in which divalent anions are dominant,
namely carbonates and sulfates, and divalent metal
cations. Usually, several either anionic or cationic
interactions are required to hold the stabilizer firmly on
the surface. Therefore, it is necessary to use substances
that consist of molecules with several similar function-
al groups and their qualitative distribution, so that they
interact with the lattice ions on the crystal surface.
Phosphonates, aminophosphonates and nitrile phos-
phonates are usually good at preventing crystal growth
by blocking active nucleation centers, so known rea-
gents HEDP, ATMP, and synthesized sodium nitrilo-
dimethylsulfonate (SDS) were chosen to study the
stabilization processes of associated waters.
In [12] it was shown that the stability of water
with respect to sedimentation depends little on the
level of mineralization, and is determined mainly by
the concentration of calcium ions and carbonates or
sulfates. Therefore, to create more stringent experi-
mental conditions and determine a reliable stabilizing
effect in the model solution (Table 2), simulating the
accompanying water, soda was added in the concentra-
tion range 0-20 mg-eq/dm3, the temperature correspon-
ded to 95-98°C, exposure time was 4-6 hours.
The results of the research are presented in Table 5.
Table 5. Dependence of the stabilizing effect on salt deposition from associated waters on the type of
inhibitor and its concentrations
Reagent con-
centration, g/dm3
Stabilization effect, %
Na2CO3
0 mg-eq/dm3
Na2CO3
5 mg-eq/dm3
Na2CO3
10 mg-eq/dm3
Na2CO3
15 mg-eq/dm3
Na2CO3
20 mg-eq/dm3
HEDP
0,5 100 100 67 68 41
1 80 87 80 69 41
1,5 60 60 47 38 41
2 40 60 47 38 41
ATMP
0,5 60 67 47 44 41
1 50 60 47 44 41
1,5 40 47 47 38 35
2 40 33 33 25 18
SDP
0,5 50 67 40 38 35
1 50 67 33 38 41
1,5 50 47 33 38 30
2 60 53 53 44 47
Based on the data in Table 5, it is seen that the
stabilizing effect reaches 100% only at a dose of
HEDP inhibitor 0.5 mg-eq/dm3 and a soda content of 0-
5 mg-eq/dm3. As the soda content of the initial solution
increases further, the stabilizing effect is reduced by
more than half to 41%, due to the higher initial car-
bonate content in the water. In the case of ATMP as a
stabilizer of scale formation at doses of 0.5–2 mg-
eq/dm3, the stabilizing effect did not exceed 67%. At
the same time, its efficiency decreased both with the
increase of the initial content of carbonates in the solu-
tion and with the increase of the concentration of the
active reagent, as in the case of HEDP.
When using the SDP stabilizer, the effect did not
exceed 67% at different ratios of the sediment stabi-
lizer and the components of the model solution. It
should be noted that if in the case of HEDP and ATMP
with increasing concentrations, the stabilizing effect
72 Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2022, №33
ISSN 2707-5796. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, 2022, 33
decreased, while using SDS, on the contrary, increased
by about 10%.
Not very high values of the stabilizing effect for
all reagents can be explained both by the high concen-
tration of monovalent chloride ions in solution and the
concentration of stabilizers, which was below the
threshold level, which reduced the probability of pre-
venting crystal nucleation.
Conclusions
As a result of the conducted researches the esti-
mation of efficiency of the offered corrosion inhibitors
is made and efficiency of a number of stabilizers of
scaling for their application at processing of highly
mineralized waters is defined.
It is shown that the effectiveness of protection of
metals from corrosion in aqueous-petroleum mixtures
using alkylimidazoline inhibitors and inhibitors deve-
loped on the basis of sunflower oil and polyalkylene-
polyamine (AC-1), ethylenediamine (AC-2) reaches
90% at doses of 5-50 mg/dm3.
The stabilizing effect with the use of known and
proposed stabilizers of scale formation based on phos-
phonic acids, which corresponds to 40-70% at a rea-
gent consumption of 0.5-2 mg/dm3, can be considered
a good result.
Concomitant waters from gas and oil production
are quite stable in terms of sedimentation, but under
certain conditions, due to the high content of hardness
ions and bicarbonates / carbonates, destabilization of
these waters can be observed.
References.
1. Wiener M. S., Salas B. V. Corrosion in systems
for storage and transportation of petroleum prod-
ucts and biofuels. Corrosion Engineering, Science
and Technology. The International Journal of
Corrosion Processes and Corrosion Control,
2018. 53. 80-81.
2. Groysman A. Corrosion in Systems for Storage
and Transportation of Petroleum Products and
Biofuels. Identification, Monitoring and Solu-
tions, 2014. 297.
3. Effect of Temperature on Corrosion of Metals by
Water. Norman Hackerman Ind. Eng. Chem.,
1952. 44(8), 1752-1755.
4. Shuryberko M., Gomelya M., Gluchenko N.,
Chuprova K., Overchenko T. Development of
new compositions for reducing the corrosive
aggressiveness of oil-containing water. Technolo-
gy Audit ant Production Reserves, 2018. 44 (6/3).
25-30.
5. Kuznetsov Yu. N. The current state of the theory
of inhibition of corrosion of metals, 2002. 38. (2).
122-131. [in Russian].
6. Kuznetsov Yu.N. Possibilities of corrosion inhibi-
tor protection of equipment and pipelines in the
oil and gas industry. Corrosion "Territory OIL-
GAZ", 2010. 1. P. 38-41. [in Russian].
7. Hamadi Latifa, Mansouri Salah, Oulmi Kafia,
Kareche Abdelhak. The use of amino acids as cor-
rosion inhibitors for metals: A review. Egyptian
Journal of Petroleum, 2018. 27(4). 1157-1165.
8. Gomelya N.D., Shabliy T.A., Trokhimenko A.G.,
Shuriberko M.M. New corrosion and sediment in-
hibitors for water circulation systems. Chemistry
and technology of water, 2017. 39(2). 169-177.
[in Russian].
9. Rudkovskaya E. V., Omelchuk Yu. A., Gomelya
M. D. Evaluation of the effectiveness of scale sta-
bilizers for resource-saving water circulation
cooling systems. Eastern European Journal of
Enterprise Technologies, 2011. 6. 47-51. [in Rus-
sian].
10. Gomelya N. D., Nosachova Yu. V., Korda T. A.,
Shuriberko M. M., Potilchak T. V. Evaluation of
the effectiveness of methods of stabilization
treatment of mine water (m. Gorky Mine, Do-
netsk). Water&Water Purification Technologies.
Scientific and Technical News. 2018. 1(18). 31-
38. [in Russian].
11. Shuryberko М., Gomelya M., Shabliy T.,
Chuprova K. Development of reagents for protec-
tion of equipment of water supply systems from
scale and corrosion. Technology Audit and Pro-
duction Reserves, 2018. 43(5/3). 27-32.
12. Gomelya M. D., Stepova O. V., Kamaev V. S.
Development of scale inhibitors in waters with
high mineralization. Scientific Notes of Taurida
National V. I. Vernadsky University. Series:
Technical Sciences. 2019. 30(69). 55-61. [in
Ukrainian].
Надійшла до редакції 28.04.2022 р.
Каталіз та нафтохімія, 2022, №33 73
ISSN 2707-5796. Catalysis and Petrochemistry, 2022, 33
Хімічні засоби захисту обладнання при експлуатації нафтогазових родовищ
Олена І. Іваненко*, Тетяна О. Шаблій, Юлія В. Носачова, Микола М. Космина
Київський політехнічний інститут імені Ігоря Сікорського, пр. Перемоги 37/4, 03056 Київ, Україна;
olenka.vasaynovich@gmail.com
В статті проаналізовано проблеми, пов’язані з протікання корозійних процесів обладнання при нафто- та
газовидобутку. Розглянуто основні протикорозійні методи та засоби, що використовуються в сучасних умо-
вах. Враховуючі механізм та умови протікання корозійних процесів при видобутку і транспортуванні нафто-
вмісних продуктів та газового конденсату, було обрано для досліджень саме хімічних спосіб захисту облад-
нання. В якості хімічних засобів в дослідженнях використовувались як відомі інгібітори на основі фосфонових
кислот, так і синтезовані речовини на основі сульфонатів, імідазолінів та діамінів. В результаті проведених
досліджень оцінено ефективність захисту металів від корозії залежно від складу високомінералізованого
середовища, типу металу, типу інгібітора та його концентрації та оцінено ефективність розробленого стабілі-
затора накипоутворення (нітрилдиметилсульфонату натрію) в порівнянні з відомими реагентами. Показано,
що ефективність захисту металів від корозії у водно-нафтових сумішах за допомогою інгібіторів алкілімід-
азоліну та інгібіторів, розроблених на основі соняшникової олії та поліалкіленполіаміну (АС-1), етилендіаміну
(АС-2) досягає 90% у дозах 5 - 50 мг/дм3. Крім того, часто корозійні процеси супроводжуються процесами
відкладання солей жорсткості на поверхні обладнання, що призводить до суттєвого ускладнення експлуатації
обладнання. Тому були проведенні дослідження протинакипних властивостей даних реагентів в жорстких
умовах. В якості середовища використовували реальні супутні води газовидобутку. Встановлено, що нітри-
лодиметилсульфонат натрію є досить ефективним стабілізатором утворення накипу і не поступається за ефек-
тивністю відомим антискалантам. Запропоновані реагенти можуть бути використані для стабілізації водно-
нафтових сумішей і супутніх пластових вод, що утворюються при видобутку та транспортуванні нафти і газу.
Ключові слова: корозія, інгібітор, водно-нафтові суміші, захист від корозії, стабілізатор накипу
|
| id | oai:katalizorgua:article-83 |
| institution | Catalysis and petrochemistry |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-03-12T15:50:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publisher | V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | katalizorgua/a7/d0c103dcdb353252d5cd1e2bd6adb6a7.pdf |
| spelling | oai:katalizorgua:article-832023-01-20T10:02:18Z Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation Ivanenko, Olena I. Shabliy, Tetiana O. Nosachova, Yuliia V. Kosmyna, Mykola M. corrosion, inhibitor, oil-water mixtures, corrosion protection, scale stabilizer корозія, інгібітор, водно-нафтові суміші, захист від корозії, стабілізатор накипу In this article the problems associated with the corrosion processes of equipment in oil and gas production are analyzed. The basic anticorrosive methods and means used in modern conditions are considered. Taking into account the mechanism and conditions of corrosion processes in the extraction and transportation of oil-containing products and gas condensate, the chemical method of protection of the equipment was chosen for research. Both known inhibitors based on phosphonic acids and synthesized substances based on sulfonates, imidazolines, and diamines were used as chemicals in the research. As a result of the research, the effectiveness of protection of metals from corrosion depending on the composition of highly mineralized medium, metal type, inhibitor type, and its concentration was evaluated and the effectiveness of the developed scale stabilizer (sodium dimethylsulfonate phosphinate) was evalu-  ated in comparison with known reagents. It is shown that the effectiveness of protection of metals from corrosion in aqueous-petroleum mixtures with alkylimidazoline inhibitors (derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-1,3-diazole or 4,5-dihydroimidazole) and inhibitors developed on the basis of sunflower oil and diethylenetriamine (AC-1), ethylenedi-amine (AC-2) reaches 90% in doses of 5 - 50 mg/dm3. In addition, corrosion processes are often accompanied by processes of deposition of hardness salts on the surface of the equipment, which leads to a significant complication in the operation of the equipment. Therefore, studies of the anti-scale properties of these reagents under harsh conditions were performed. Real concomitant gas production waters were used as the medium. It was found that sodium di-methylsulfonate phosphinate is a very effective stabilizer of scale formation and is not inferior in effectiveness to known antiscalants. The proposed reagents can be used to stabilize water-oil mixtures and associated formation waters formed during the production and transportation of oil and gas. In this article the problems associated with the corrosion processes of equipment in oil and gas production are analyzed. The basic anticorrosive methods and means used in modern conditions are considered. Taking into account the mechanism and conditions of corrosion processes in the extraction and transportation of oil-containing products and gas condensate, the chemical method of protection of the equipment was chosen for research. Both known inhibitors based on phosphonic acids and synthesized substances based on sulfonates, imidazolines, and diamines were used as chemicals in the research. As a result of the research, the effectiveness of protection of metals from corrosion depending on the composition of highly mineralized medium, metal type, inhibitor type, and its concentration was evaluated and the effectiveness of the developed scale stabilizer (sodium dimethylsulfonate phosphinate) was evalu-  ated in comparison with known reagents. It is shown that the effectiveness of protection of metals from corrosion in aqueous-petroleum mixtures with alkylimidazoline inhibitors (derivatives of 4,5-dihydro-1,3-diazole or 4,5-dihydroimidazole) and inhibitors developed on the basis of sunflower oil and diethylenetriamine (AC-1), ethylenedi-amine (AC-2) reaches 90% in doses of 5 - 50 mg/dm3. In addition, corrosion processes are often accompanied by processes of deposition of hardness salts on the surface of the equipment, which leads to a significant complication in the operation of the equipment. Therefore, studies of the anti-scale properties of these reagents under harsh conditions were performed. Real concomitant gas production waters were used as the medium. It was found that sodium di-methylsulfonate phosphinate is a very effective stabilizer of scale formation and is not inferior in effectiveness to known antiscalants. The proposed reagents can be used to stabilize water-oil mixtures and associated formation waters formed during the production and transportation of oil and gas. V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2022-10-27 Article Article application/pdf https://kataliz.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/83 10.15407/kataliz2022.33.066 Catalysis and petrochemistry; No. 33 (2022): Catalysis and petrochemistry; 66-73 Каталіз та нафтохімія; № 33 (2022): Каталіз та нафтохімія; 66-73 2707-5796 2412-4176 10.15407/kataliz2022.33 en https://kataliz.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/83/70 Copyright (c) 2022 Catalysis and petrochemistry |
| spellingShingle | корозія інгібітор водно-нафтові суміші захист від корозії стабілізатор накипу Ivanenko, Olena I. Shabliy, Tetiana O. Nosachova, Yuliia V. Kosmyna, Mykola M. Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation |
| title | Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation |
| title_alt | Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation |
| title_full | Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation |
| title_fullStr | Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation |
| title_short | Chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation |
| title_sort | chemical means of equipment protection during oil and gas fields operation |
| topic | корозія інгібітор водно-нафтові суміші захист від корозії стабілізатор накипу |
| topic_facet | corrosion inhibitor oil-water mixtures corrosion protection scale stabilizer корозія інгібітор водно-нафтові суміші захист від корозії стабілізатор накипу |
| url | https://kataliz.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/83 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ivanenkoolenai chemicalmeansofequipmentprotectionduringoilandgasfieldsoperation AT shabliytetianao chemicalmeansofequipmentprotectionduringoilandgasfieldsoperation AT nosachovayuliiav chemicalmeansofequipmentprotectionduringoilandgasfieldsoperation AT kosmynamykolam chemicalmeansofequipmentprotectionduringoilandgasfieldsoperation |