RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES
The change in the viscosity of diesel fuel with dissolved hydrogen, the rate of dissolution of hydrogen in the diesel fuel, and the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in diesel fuel were experimentally determined. Dissolving hydrogen in liquid fuel changes its physical-chemical properties. It has been f...
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| Дата: | 2021 |
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V.I.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry
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Ukrainian Chemistry Journal| _version_ | 1871465754148208640 |
|---|---|
| author | Leybovych , Lev Dymo , Borys Anastasenko , Sergey Yevstigneyev , Yurii |
| author_facet | Leybovych , Lev Dymo , Borys Anastasenko , Sergey Yevstigneyev , Yurii |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "Lev Leybovych ",
"institution": "Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding. Nikolaev, Prospekt Geroev Ukrainy, 9, 54025"
},
{
"author": "Borys Dymo ",
"institution": "Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding. Mykolaiv, Prospekt Geroev Ukrainy, 9, 54025"
},
{
"author": "Sergey Anastasenko ",
"institution": "Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding. Mykolaiv, Prospekt Geroev Ukrainy, 9, 54025"
},
{
"author": "Yurii Yevstigneyev ",
"institution": "The Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding. Nikolaev, Prospekt Geroev Ukrainy, 9, 54025"
}
] |
| author_sort | Leybovych , Lev |
| baseUrl_str | https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T08:23:47Z |
| description | The change in the viscosity of diesel fuel with dissolved hydrogen, the rate of dissolution of hydrogen in the diesel fuel, and the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in diesel fuel were experimentally determined. Dissolving hydrogen in liquid fuel changes its physical-chemical properties. It has been found that the viscosity and density of diesel fuel change little when it is saturated with hydrogen. The flashpoint in a closed crucible is reduced by 3–4 °C. The rate of dissolution of hydrogen in diesel fuel has been investigated. It has been found that the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in diesel fuel depends significantly on the initial concentration of H2 in the fuel. The liquid fuel is advisable to supply with saturated hydrogen for the safety of the heat engine operation. The design of the hydrogen fuel saturation system with a special hydrogen sensor based on the MQ-8 sensor was proposed. The system of protection of the research stand from unauthorized emissions of hydrogen into the environment has been worked out. The protection ensures the shutdown of the stand equipment when the hydrogen concentration in the zone of its generation and supply to the fuel is at the level of 1%. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.33609/2708-129X.87.09.2021.45-54 |
| first_indexed | 2025-09-24T17:43:41Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
45
УДК 661.74. doi: 10.33609/2708-129X.87.09.2021.45-54
RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL
FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES
L.I. Leybovych, B.V. Dymo, S.N. Anastasenko Y.V. Yevstigneyev
Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Heroes of Stalingrad Avenue, 9, Mykolaiv
54025, Ukraine
Email: recycle.lev@gmail.com
The change in the viscosity of diesel fuel with dissolved hydrogen, the rate of dissolution
of hydrogen in the diesel fuel, and the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in diesel fuel were ex-
perimentally determined. Dissolving hydrogen in liquid fuel changes its physical-chemical
properties. It has been found that the viscosity and density of diesel fuel change little when
it is saturated with hydrogen. The flashpoint in a closed crucible is reduced by 3–4 °C. The
rate of dissolution of hydrogen in diesel fuel has been investigated. It has been found that the
diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in diesel fuel depends significantly on the initial concentra-
tion of H2 in the fuel. The liquid fuel is advisable to supply with saturated hydrogen for the
safety of the heat engine operation. The design of the hydrogen fuel saturation system with a
special hydrogen sensor based on the MQ-8 sensor was proposed. The system of protection of
the research stand from unauthorized emissions of hydrogen into the environment has been
worked out. The protection ensures the shutdown of the stand equipment when the hydrogen
concentration in the zone of its generation and supply to the fuel is at the level of 1%.
Keywords. Hydrogen, diesel fuel, hydrogen dissolution, physical properties of a diesel
fuel-hydrogen mixture.
INTRODUCTION. Hydrogen is one of the
most prospective environmentally friendly
sources of energy, thermal energy. Burning hyd
rogen or fuel-hydrogen mixtures (FHM) redu
ces emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), car-
bon hydride (CH) and particulate matter. Wide
limits of hydrogen flammability make it possible
to organize high-quality control of the power of
an internal combustion engine (ICE), as well as
to increase the efficiency of an internal combus-
tion engine at partial loads. When burning lean
mixtures of hydrogen with air, it is possible to
radically reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides
(NOx) without significant material costs [1–3].
In this case, the concentration of hydrogen
in the air in front of the cylinders of the inter-
nal combustion engine should be significantly
less than 4% to avoid the risk of detonation in
the cylinders of the internal combustion en-
gine [5–6].
The reactionary effect of a small amount of
hydrogen in the fuel-air mixture significantly
RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES
46 ISSN 2708-129X. Укр. хім. журн., 2021
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
affects the completeness of fuel combustion
and the number of emissions of toxic substan
ces (CO, NOx, etc.) [7, 8].
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a significant con-
stituent of fuel gases. For example, in the ex-
haust gases of vehicles, the amount of CO2 va
ries from 22 to 43%, depending on the compo-
sition of the fuel. It is possible to reduce carbon
dioxide emissions by switching to hydrogen
fuel or hydrogen-rich fuel. Emissions of СО2
and toxic gases (except NOх) can be practically
reduced to zero [9].
An important aspect of using hydrogen as
a fuel (or its additives to fuel) is the safety of
equipment operation. Hydrogen-fueled equip-
ment should be equipped with H2 detectors
[10]. These detectors should give an alarm
when the hydrogen concentration in the air is
1%. This value is one-fourth of the lower flam-
mability limit of hydrogen. The indicated va
lue of the hydrogen concentration in the air
in front of the cylinders of an internal com-
bustion engine is rather difficult to ensure. It
is easier to meet this requirement upon preli
minary saturation of liquid fuel with hydrogen
[11, 12]. However, in any case, it is necessary to
equip fuel enrichment systems with hydrogen
and mobile H2 sensors operating in the con-
centration range of up to 1%.The safety of the
internal combustion engine depends on the
physical properties of fuel-hydrogen mixtures.
Also, the structural design of the system for
the formation and supply of a fuel-hydrogen
mixture to heat generating equipment largely
depends on the physical properties of this mix-
ture [13].
The inputting of hydrogen into the fuel
changes the physical parameters of the latter.
And when the physical parameters of the fuel
change, the initial conditions for determining
the ICE safety criteria change [14]. When hyd
rogen is added to the fuel such indicators as
the velocity of flame-front propagation, the
detonation conditions of the composite fuels;
octane number [15] change also are changed.
These indicators can be assessed based on data
on the viscosity of fuel-hydrogen mixtures, the
diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in fuel, etc.
Fuel viscosity significantly affects fuel ato
mization [16]. The dispersion of fuel droplets
when atomized determines the kinetics of fuel
combustion. The literature lacks data on the ef-
fect of dissolved hydrogen on the viscosity of
fuel-hydrogen mixtures. In addition, the struc-
tural design of the fuel saturation system with
hydrogen significantly depends on the rate of
dissolution of H2 in the fuel. Analysis of the
data [17, 18] has shown that the time to an
equilibrium state in the liquid hydrogen fuel
system could reach several hours. But the data
[17, 18] are not sufficient to determine the ki-
netics of hydrogen solubility in fuel.
The aim of this work was the determina-
tion of:
– the change in the viscosity of diesel fuel
when hydrogen dissolves in it;
– the rate of dissolution of hydrogen in die-
sel fuel;
– the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in die-
sel fuel.
EXPERIMENT AND DISCUSSION OF
THE RESULTS. Materials. Diesel fuel ac-
counts for more than 50% of all fuel con-
sumed in the world. Diesel fuel combustion
products are highly toxic [7, 8]. Diesel and
hydrogen mixtures are less toxic than pure
diesel. Therefore, it is advisable to consider
physical properties of a diesel fuel-hydrogen
mixture as a factor in reducing the toxicity of
combustion products.
L.I. Leybovych, B.V. Dymo, S.N. Anastasenko Y.V. Yevstigneyev
47https://ucj.org.ua
UCJ № 9 / Vol. 87
The solubility of hydrogen in liquid fuels
depends on temperature and pressure during
saturation [19–21]. From the standpoint of
reliability, the process of fuel saturation with
hydrogen is expedient to be carried out at at-
mospheric pressure. Therefore, experiments
on the solubility of hydrogen in diesel fuel were
carried out at atmospheric pressure in the tem-
perature range from 25 to 50 °C according to
the method described in scientific publications
[22, 23]. In experimental studies, diesel fuel
was used with the following characteristics at
25 °C: density − 845 kg / m3; viscosity − 1 cSt;
flashpoint in an open crucible − 91 ° C; in a
closed crucible − 69 ° C.
The studies have been carried out on the ex-
perimental research stand (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1. Research stand.
1 – hydrogen generator; 2 – power supply; 3 – pressure regulator; 4 – hydrogen sensor;
5 – hydrogen dispenser; 6 – centrifugal pump; 7 – temperature sensor; 8 – the sensor of level of gaseous
hydrogen in fuel tank; 9 – fuel tank; 10 – heater; 11 – viscometer; 12 – pressure sensor.
The operation principle of the stand. Fuel is
poured into the fuel tank (9) so that there is no
free air volume in it. The amount of fuel poured
in is 1200 ± 5 ml. The tank has a heater (10)
and a viscometer (11) built-in to maintain the
fuel temperature at a given level. The fuel circu-
lates in the system using a centrifugal pump (6).
Hydrogen is dosed to the system discretely by
10 ± 0.1 ml using a hydrogen dispenser (5). The
completion of the process of fuel saturation with
hydrogen was determined by the time of disso-
lution of the last dose in a volume of 10 ± 0.1 ml
using a temperature sensor (7). The viscosity of
the fuel is measured using a viscometer (11).
The viscosity of diesel fuel and FHM based
on diesel fuel was investigated on a Can-
non-Fenske routine capillary viscometer with
the following technical data: viscosity measu
rement range – 0.4 …2 cSt; nominal constant –
0,002.
The flash point of the fuel-hydrogen mix-
ture was determined on a PE-TVO apparatus,
the operation of which is based on the Bren-
ken principle, and allows the measurement of
the flash point in accordance with American
standards ASTM D92.
RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES
48 ISSN 2708-129X. Укр. хім. журн., 2021
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
The safety system for hydrogen generation
and dosing was tested simultaneously with
studies of the physical properties of a diesel
fuel-hydrogen mixture. Hydrogen leaks were
monitored by an MQ-8 sensor connected to
the Arduino NANO V3.0 CH340G platform
designed based on the Atmega328P micro-
controller. Such an assembly of the sensor and
controller makes it possible to use it both in the
stand safety system and in researching hydro-
gen desorption from the mixture. The general
view of the control system is shown in Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. H2 concentration
control sensor.
The MQ-8 sensor together with Arduino
NANO V3.0 CH340G was calibrated accord
ing to the standard EQASOP-FieldCalibrat
method. The calibration results are shown in
Fig. 3.
The regression dependence for assembl
ing the MQ-8 sensor together with Arduino
NANO microcontroller is as follows (1).
Fig 3. Calibration of the MQ-8 sensor in con
junction with Аrduino NANO V3.0 CH340G.
Fig. 2. H2 concentration control
sensor.
The MQ-8 sensor together with
Arduino NANO V3.0 CH340G was
calibrated according to the standard
EQASOP-FieldCalibrat method. The
calibration results are shown in Fig. 3.
The regression dependence for
assembling the MQ-8 sensor together with
Arduino NANO microcontroller is as
follows (1).
Fig 3. Calibration of the MQ-8 sensor
in conjunction with Аrduino
NANO V3.0 CH340G.
𝑎𝑎0 = 51,546; 𝑎𝑎1 = 3,409 ∙ 10 4; 𝑎𝑎2 = −5,101 ∙ 106;
𝑎𝑎4 = 113,595; 𝑎𝑎5 = 3,001 ∙ 103.
𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 = 0,5 ∙ 10−3, 1,5 ∙ 10−3 … 10 ∙ 10−3.
𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝(𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣) = |𝑎𝑎0+𝑎𝑎1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 + 𝑎𝑎2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣
2 + 𝑎𝑎3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣
3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0 ≤ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ≤ 5 ∙ 10−3
𝑎𝑎4 + 𝑎𝑎5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 5 ∙ 10−3 ≤ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ≤ 10 ∙ 10−3 . (1)
Cp – sensor readings, ppm, Cv – hydrogen concentration in the calibration vessel, ml/ml.
At hydrogen concentrations in the
calibration container up to 3.5 ·10-3 ppm,
the error of the calibration curve does not
exceed 0.37%. With the increase in the
hydrogen concentration in the calibration
vessel, the error of the calibration curve
increases to 3.5%.
Density, viscosity, and flashpoint of a
mixture of diesel fuel and hydrogen.
Experimental data on determining
the viscosity of diesel fuel and a mixture
based on diesel fuel and hydrogen in the
temperature range 15 ÷95 ° C are shown in
Fig. 4.
The dissolution of hydrogen in
diesel fuel leads to a slight increase in the
viscosity of the fuel-hydrogen mixture.
Fig. 4. Fuel viscosity versus temperature:
1– diesel fuel; 2 – fuel-hydrogen
mixture (H2 concentration 0.362 ml /
ml).
Cp – sensor readings, ppm, Cv – hydrogen concentration in the calibration vessel, ml/ml.
At hydrogen concentrations in the calibra-
tion container up to 3.5 ·10-3 ppm, the error of
the calibration curve does not exceed 0.37%.
With the increase in the hydrogen concentra-
tion in the calibration vessel, the error of the
calibration curve increases to 3.5%.
Density, viscosity, and flashpoint of a mix-
ture of diesel fuel and hydrogen.
Experimental data on determining the vis-
cosity of diesel fuel and a mixture based on
diesel fuel and hydrogen in the temperature
range 15 ÷95 °C are shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 2. H2 concentration control
sensor.
The MQ-8 sensor together with
Arduino NANO V3.0 CH340G was
calibrated according to the standard
EQASOP-FieldCalibrat method. The
calibration results are shown in Fig. 3.
The regression dependence for
assembling the MQ-8 sensor together with
Arduino NANO microcontroller is as
follows (1).
Fig 3. Calibration of the MQ-8 sensor
in conjunction with Аrduino
NANO V3.0 CH340G.
𝑎𝑎0 = 51,546; 𝑎𝑎1 = 3,409 ∙ 10 4; 𝑎𝑎2 = −5,101 ∙ 106;
𝑎𝑎4 = 113,595; 𝑎𝑎5 = 3,001 ∙ 103.
𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 = 0,5 ∙ 10−3, 1,5 ∙ 10−3 … 10 ∙ 10−3.
𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝(𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣) = |𝑎𝑎0+𝑎𝑎1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 + 𝑎𝑎2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣
2 + 𝑎𝑎3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣
3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0 ≤ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ≤ 5 ∙ 10−3
𝑎𝑎4 + 𝑎𝑎5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 5 ∙ 10−3 ≤ 𝐶𝐶𝑣𝑣 ≤ 10 ∙ 10−3 . (1)
Cp – sensor readings, ppm, Cv – hydrogen concentration in the calibration vessel, ml/ml.
At hydrogen concentrations in the
calibration container up to 3.5 ·10-3 ppm,
the error of the calibration curve does not
exceed 0.37%. With the increase in the
hydrogen concentration in the calibration
vessel, the error of the calibration curve
increases to 3.5%.
Density, viscosity, and flashpoint of a
mixture of diesel fuel and hydrogen.
Experimental data on determining
the viscosity of diesel fuel and a mixture
based on diesel fuel and hydrogen in the
temperature range 15 ÷95 ° C are shown in
Fig. 4.
The dissolution of hydrogen in
diesel fuel leads to a slight increase in the
viscosity of the fuel-hydrogen mixture.
Fig. 4. Fuel viscosity versus temperature:
1– diesel fuel; 2 – fuel-hydrogen
mixture (H2 concentration 0.362 ml /
ml).
L.I. Leybovych, B.V. Dymo, S.N. Anastasenko Y.V. Yevstigneyev
49https://ucj.org.ua
UCJ № 9 / Vol. 87
The dissolution of hydrogen in diesel fuel
leads to a slight increase in the viscosity of the
fuel-hydrogen mixture.
Fig. 4. Fuel viscosity versus temperature:
1– diesel fuel; 2 – fuel-hydrogen mixture (H2 con-
centration 0.362 ml / ml).
This dependence manifests itself at low
temperatures to a greater extent than at high
temperatures. The viscosity of hydrogen-satu
rated diesel fuel in the temperature range
15 ÷ 95 °C could be determined by the follo
wing regression dependence (2).
(2)
T – the temperature of the fuel-hydrogen
mixture, оС; νdh (T) – the viscosity of hydro-
gen-saturated diesel fuel, cSt.
The increasing fuel viscosity is associated
with the formation of weak bonds between
fuel molecules and dissolved H2. At a hydro-
gen concentration in diesel fuel of 0.257 ml/ml,
the density of the fuel-hydrogen mixture was
ρdh = 847 kg/m3, with a temperature of 25 °C,
which is in good agreement with the amount
dissolved in the fuel. With the same hydrogen
concentration in diesel fuel, the flashpoint de-
creased by an average of 3 ... 4 °C. However, it
should be noted that in a closed crucible, at a
temperature of about 60 ° C, short-term flashes
could appear periodically.
Dissolution rate of hydrogen in diesel fuel.
The results of determining the rate of hydrogen
dissolution in diesel fuel are shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. The dependence of the rate of dissolution
of hydrogen in diesel fuel on the concentration of
hydrogen and the temperature of the H2 dissolution;
1 – temperature 28±1 °C; 2 – 48 ± 1 °C.
The data analysis (Fig. 5.) has shown that: –
with an increase in temperature, the rate of dis-
solution of hydrogen in diesel fuel decreases;
– the rate of dissolution of hydrogen in diesel
fuel depends on the concentration of H2 in the
This dependence manifests itself at
low temperatures to a greater extent than at
high temperatures. The viscosity of
hydrogen-saturated diesel fuel in the
temperature range 15 ÷ 95 ° C could be
determined by the following regression
dependence (2).
𝑏𝑏0 = 1,45; 𝑏𝑏1 = −0,02; 𝑏𝑏2 = 1,648 ∙ 10−4; 𝑏𝑏3 = 0,96; 𝑏𝑏4 = −2,2 ∙ 10−3.
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣ℎ(𝑇𝑇) = | 𝑏𝑏0 + 𝑏𝑏1 ∙ 𝑇𝑇 + 𝑏𝑏2 ∙ 𝑇𝑇2 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 10 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 ≤ 60
𝑏𝑏3 + 𝑏𝑏4 ∙ 𝑇𝑇 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 60 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 ≤ 95 (2)
T – the temperature of the fuel-hydrogen mixture, оС; νdh (T) – the viscosity of hydrogen-
saturated diesel fuel, cSt.
The increasing fuel viscosity is
associated with the formation of weak
bonds between fuel molecules and
dissolved H2. At a hydrogen concentration
in diesel fuel of 0.257 ml/ml, the density of
the fuel-hydrogen mixture was ρdh = 847
kg/m3, with a temperature of 25 ° C, which
is in good agreement with the amount
dissolved in the fuel. With the same
hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, the
flashpoint decreased by an average of 3 ...
4 ° C. However, it should be noted that in a
closed crucible, at a temperature of about
60 ° C, short-term flashes could appear
periodically.
Dissolution rate of hydrogen in
diesel fuel. The results of determining the
rate of hydrogen dissolution in diesel fuel
are shown in Fig. 5.
The data analysis (Fig. 5.) has
shown that: – with an increase in
temperature, the rate of dissolution of
hydrogen in diesel fuel decreases; – the
rate of dissolution of hydrogen in diesel
fuel depends on the concentration of H2 in
the fuel; – at a temperature of 28 ° C, the
maximum value of the dissolution rate is
achieved at a hydrogen concentration in
the fuel of 0.08 ml/ml, – for a temperature
of 48 ° C, the maximum value of the
hydrogen dissolution rate is achieved at a
hydrogen concentration in the fuel of 0.06
ml/ml.
Experimental studies have shown
that preheating diesel fuel to a temperature
of 50 ° C and a subsequent decrease in the
process temperature to 32 ° C due to
cooling leads to an increase in the rate of
hydrogen dissolution. At a temperature of
the process of dissolution of hydrogen in
diesel fuel of 32 ° C, the rate of dissolution
of H2 is on average 1.25 times lower than
for temperatures in the range 48–50 ° C.
Fig. 5. The dependence of the rate of
dissolution of hydrogen in diesel fuel on
the concentration of hydrogen and the
temperature of the H2 dissolution;
1 – temperature 28±1 °C; 2 – 48 ± 1 °C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen
in diesel fuel, depending on the
concentration of hydrogen in the fuel at
temperatures of 25 ÷ 28 °C in the range of
changes in the concentration of H2 from 0
to 0.36 ml/ml could be determined by the
following regression dependence. (3.4).
This dependence manifests itself at
low temperatures to a greater extent than at
high temperatures. The viscosity of
hydrogen-saturated diesel fuel in the
temperature range 15 ÷ 95 ° C could be
determined by the following regression
dependence (2).
𝑏𝑏0 = 1,45; 𝑏𝑏1 = −0,02; 𝑏𝑏2 = 1,648 ∙ 10−4; 𝑏𝑏3 = 0,96; 𝑏𝑏4 = −2,2 ∙ 10−3.
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣ℎ(𝑇𝑇) = | 𝑏𝑏0 + 𝑏𝑏1 ∙ 𝑇𝑇 + 𝑏𝑏2 ∙ 𝑇𝑇2 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 10 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 ≤ 60
𝑏𝑏3 + 𝑏𝑏4 ∙ 𝑇𝑇 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 60 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 ≤ 95 (2)
T – the temperature of the fuel-hydrogen mixture, оС; νdh (T) – the viscosity of hydrogen-
saturated diesel fuel, cSt.
The increasing fuel viscosity is
associated with the formation of weak
bonds between fuel molecules and
dissolved H2. At a hydrogen concentration
in diesel fuel of 0.257 ml/ml, the density of
the fuel-hydrogen mixture was ρdh = 847
kg/m3, with a temperature of 25 ° C, which
is in good agreement with the amount
dissolved in the fuel. With the same
hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, the
flashpoint decreased by an average of 3 ...
4 ° C. However, it should be noted that in a
closed crucible, at a temperature of about
60 ° C, short-term flashes could appear
periodically.
Dissolution rate of hydrogen in
diesel fuel. The results of determining the
rate of hydrogen dissolution in diesel fuel
are shown in Fig. 5.
The data analysis (Fig. 5.) has
shown that: – with an increase in
temperature, the rate of dissolution of
hydrogen in diesel fuel decreases; – the
rate of dissolution of hydrogen in diesel
fuel depends on the concentration of H2 in
the fuel; – at a temperature of 28 ° C, the
maximum value of the dissolution rate is
achieved at a hydrogen concentration in
the fuel of 0.08 ml/ml, – for a temperature
of 48 ° C, the maximum value of the
hydrogen dissolution rate is achieved at a
hydrogen concentration in the fuel of 0.06
ml/ml.
Experimental studies have shown
that preheating diesel fuel to a temperature
of 50 ° C and a subsequent decrease in the
process temperature to 32 ° C due to
cooling leads to an increase in the rate of
hydrogen dissolution. At a temperature of
the process of dissolution of hydrogen in
diesel fuel of 32 ° C, the rate of dissolution
of H2 is on average 1.25 times lower than
for temperatures in the range 48–50 ° C.
Fig. 5. The dependence of the rate of
dissolution of hydrogen in diesel fuel on
the concentration of hydrogen and the
temperature of the H2 dissolution;
1 – temperature 28±1 °C; 2 – 48 ± 1 °C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen
in diesel fuel, depending on the
concentration of hydrogen in the fuel at
temperatures of 25 ÷ 28 °C in the range of
changes in the concentration of H2 from 0
to 0.36 ml/ml could be determined by the
following regression dependence. (3.4).
This dependence manifests itself at
low temperatures to a greater extent than at
high temperatures. The viscosity of
hydrogen-saturated diesel fuel in the
temperature range 15 ÷ 95 ° C could be
determined by the following regression
dependence (2).
𝑏𝑏0 = 1,45; 𝑏𝑏1 = −0,02; 𝑏𝑏2 = 1,648 ∙ 10−4; 𝑏𝑏3 = 0,96; 𝑏𝑏4 = −2,2 ∙ 10−3.
𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣ℎ(𝑇𝑇) = | 𝑏𝑏0 + 𝑏𝑏1 ∙ 𝑇𝑇 + 𝑏𝑏2 ∙ 𝑇𝑇2 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 10 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 ≤ 60
𝑏𝑏3 + 𝑏𝑏4 ∙ 𝑇𝑇 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 60 ≤ 𝑇𝑇 ≤ 95 (2)
T – the temperature of the fuel-hydrogen mixture, оС; νdh (T) – the viscosity of hydrogen-
saturated diesel fuel, cSt.
The increasing fuel viscosity is
associated with the formation of weak
bonds between fuel molecules and
dissolved H2. At a hydrogen concentration
in diesel fuel of 0.257 ml/ml, the density of
the fuel-hydrogen mixture was ρdh = 847
kg/m3, with a temperature of 25 ° C, which
is in good agreement with the amount
dissolved in the fuel. With the same
hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, the
flashpoint decreased by an average of 3 ...
4 ° C. However, it should be noted that in a
closed crucible, at a temperature of about
60 ° C, short-term flashes could appear
periodically.
Dissolution rate of hydrogen in
diesel fuel. The results of determining the
rate of hydrogen dissolution in diesel fuel
are shown in Fig. 5.
The data analysis (Fig. 5.) has
shown that: – with an increase in
temperature, the rate of dissolution of
hydrogen in diesel fuel decreases; – the
rate of dissolution of hydrogen in diesel
fuel depends on the concentration of H2 in
the fuel; – at a temperature of 28 ° C, the
maximum value of the dissolution rate is
achieved at a hydrogen concentration in
the fuel of 0.08 ml/ml, – for a temperature
of 48 ° C, the maximum value of the
hydrogen dissolution rate is achieved at a
hydrogen concentration in the fuel of 0.06
ml/ml.
Experimental studies have shown
that preheating diesel fuel to a temperature
of 50 ° C and a subsequent decrease in the
process temperature to 32 ° C due to
cooling leads to an increase in the rate of
hydrogen dissolution. At a temperature of
the process of dissolution of hydrogen in
diesel fuel of 32 ° C, the rate of dissolution
of H2 is on average 1.25 times lower than
for temperatures in the range 48–50 ° C.
Fig. 5. The dependence of the rate of
dissolution of hydrogen in diesel fuel on
the concentration of hydrogen and the
temperature of the H2 dissolution;
1 – temperature 28±1 °C; 2 – 48 ± 1 °C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen
in diesel fuel, depending on the
concentration of hydrogen in the fuel at
temperatures of 25 ÷ 28 °C in the range of
changes in the concentration of H2 from 0
to 0.36 ml/ml could be determined by the
following regression dependence. (3.4).
RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES
50 ISSN 2708-129X. Укр. хім. журн., 2021
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
fuel; – at a temperature of 28 ° C, the maxi
mum value of the dissolution rate is achieved
at a hydrogen concentration in the fuel of
0.08 ml/ml, – for a temperature of 48 °C, the
maximum value of the hydrogen dissolution
rate is achieved at a hydrogen concentration in
the fuel of 0.06 ml/ml.
Experimental studies have shown that pre-
heating diesel fuel to a temperature of 50 °C
and a subsequent decrease in the process tem-
perature to 32 °C due to cooling leads to an in-
crease in the rate of hydrogen dissolution. At
a temperature of the process of dissolution of
hydrogen in diesel fuel of 32 °C, the rate of dis-
solution of H2 is on average 1.25 times lower
than for temperatures in the range 48–50 °C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen in diesel
fuel, depending on the concentration of hydro-
gen in the fuel at temperatures of 25 ÷ 28 °C
in the range of changes in the concentration of
H2 from 0 to 0.36 ml/ml could be determined
by the following regression dependence. (3.4).
Ch – the concentration of hydrogen in diesel fuel, ml/ml; Vs (Ch) – the dissolution rate, ml/s.
𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑒𝑒0 + 𝑒𝑒1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ + 𝑒𝑒2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ
2 + 𝑒𝑒3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ
3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.044 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.168 (3)
𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑒𝑒4 + 𝑒𝑒5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.168 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.36 (4)
𝑒𝑒0 = 1,032; 𝑒𝑒1 = 73,165; 𝑒𝑒2 = −662,0;
𝑒𝑒3 = 1,696 ∙ 103; 𝑒𝑒4 = 1,825; 𝑒𝑒5 = −9,5
Ch – the concentration of hydrogen in diesel fuel, ml/ml; Vs (Ch) – the dissolution rate, ml/s.
Diffusion of hydrogen in a FHM
based on diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel was determined by
the method [25, 26]. The pressure of the
medium in the container for the
experiments was 753 ± 1 mm Hg, the
temperature was 25 ± 1 ° C. The diffusion
coefficient was determined as a functional
dependence on the volume of the absorbed
gas V, the gas concentration in the liquid
Ch of the determining size l, and the time τ
of absorption of the volume by the liquid
𝐷𝐷ℎ = 𝑓𝑓(𝑉𝑉, 𝐶𝐶ℎ, 𝑙𝑙, τ)
Moreover, the diffusion coefficient
is inversely proportional to the value of the
gas concentration in the liquid. That is,
with an increase in the saturation of the
liquid with gas, the diffusion coefficient
decreases.
The change in the hydrogen
concentration in diesel fuel during the
study of the diffusion process is shown in
Fig. 6.
The fuel of the container was
intensively mixed in the period of time.
The time interval between
hydrogen supply to the fuel was 120 ± 1 s.
A pump was used to average the current
value of the hydrogen concentration in the
fuel between the injections of hydrogen.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel was determined
from the time of solubility of 10 ± 0.1 ml
of hydrogen. The completion of the
process of hydrogen solubility in diesel
fuel was recorded according to the data of
temperature sensor (7), installed in a tank
with fuel, into which H2 was dosed (Fig.
1). The accuracy of measuring the time of
hydrogen dissolution was ± 3 s. The supply
of H2 into the tank with fuel was carried
out discretely.
Fig. 6 Rate of change in hydrogen
concentration in diesel fuel:
▬ – average value; ● – experimental data.
The change in the hydrogen
concentration over time in diesel fuel at
temperatures of 25 ± 1° C, could be
determined from the following regression
dependence (5, 6).
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑔𝑔0 + 𝑔𝑔1 ∙ 𝜏𝜏 + 𝑔𝑔2 ∙ 𝜏𝜏2 + 𝑔𝑔3 ∙ 𝜏𝜏3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 5 ≤ 𝜏𝜏 ≤ 450; (5)
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑔𝑔4 + 𝑔𝑔5 ∙ 𝜏𝜏 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 450 ≤ 𝜏𝜏 ≤ 900 ; (6)
𝑔𝑔0 = 9,985 ∙ 10−3; 𝑔𝑔1 = 1,371 ∙ 10−3; 𝑔𝑔2 = −2.241 ∙ 10−6;
𝑔𝑔3 = 1.281 ∙ 10−9; 𝑔𝑔4 = 0,2375; 𝑔𝑔5 = 1.2 ∙ 10−4.
𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑒𝑒0 + 𝑒𝑒1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ + 𝑒𝑒2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ
2 + 𝑒𝑒3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ
3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.044 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.168 (3)
𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑒𝑒4 + 𝑒𝑒5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.168 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.36 (4)
𝑒𝑒0 = 1,032; 𝑒𝑒1 = 73,165; 𝑒𝑒2 = −662,0;
𝑒𝑒3 = 1,696 ∙ 103; 𝑒𝑒4 = 1,825; 𝑒𝑒5 = −9,5
Ch – the concentration of hydrogen in diesel fuel, ml/ml; Vs (Ch) – the dissolution rate, ml/s.
Diffusion of hydrogen in a FHM
based on diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel was determined by
the method [25, 26]. The pressure of the
medium in the container for the
experiments was 753 ± 1 mm Hg, the
temperature was 25 ± 1 ° C. The diffusion
coefficient was determined as a functional
dependence on the volume of the absorbed
gas V, the gas concentration in the liquid
Ch of the determining size l, and the time τ
of absorption of the volume by the liquid
𝐷𝐷ℎ = 𝑓𝑓(𝑉𝑉, 𝐶𝐶ℎ, 𝑙𝑙, τ)
Moreover, the diffusion coefficient
is inversely proportional to the value of the
gas concentration in the liquid. That is,
with an increase in the saturation of the
liquid with gas, the diffusion coefficient
decreases.
The change in the hydrogen
concentration in diesel fuel during the
study of the diffusion process is shown in
Fig. 6.
The fuel of the container was
intensively mixed in the period of time.
The time interval between
hydrogen supply to the fuel was 120 ± 1 s.
A pump was used to average the current
value of the hydrogen concentration in the
fuel between the injections of hydrogen.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel was determined
from the time of solubility of 10 ± 0.1 ml
of hydrogen. The completion of the
process of hydrogen solubility in diesel
fuel was recorded according to the data of
temperature sensor (7), installed in a tank
with fuel, into which H2 was dosed (Fig.
1). The accuracy of measuring the time of
hydrogen dissolution was ± 3 s. The supply
of H2 into the tank with fuel was carried
out discretely.
Fig. 6 Rate of change in hydrogen
concentration in diesel fuel:
▬ – average value; ● – experimental data.
The change in the hydrogen
concentration over time in diesel fuel at
temperatures of 25 ± 1° C, could be
determined from the following regression
dependence (5, 6).
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑔𝑔0 + 𝑔𝑔1 ∙ 𝜏𝜏 + 𝑔𝑔2 ∙ 𝜏𝜏2 + 𝑔𝑔3 ∙ 𝜏𝜏3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 5 ≤ 𝜏𝜏 ≤ 450; (5)
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑔𝑔4 + 𝑔𝑔5 ∙ 𝜏𝜏 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 450 ≤ 𝜏𝜏 ≤ 900 ; (6)
𝑔𝑔0 = 9,985 ∙ 10−3; 𝑔𝑔1 = 1,371 ∙ 10−3; 𝑔𝑔2 = −2.241 ∙ 10−6;
𝑔𝑔3 = 1.281 ∙ 10−9; 𝑔𝑔4 = 0,2375; 𝑔𝑔5 = 1.2 ∙ 10−4.
Diffusion of hydrogen in a FHM based on
diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in
diesel fuel was determined by the method [25,
26]. The pressure of the medium in the con-
tainer for the experiments was 753 ± 1 mm Hg,
the temperature was 25 ± 1 °C. The diffusion
coefficient was determined as a functional
dependence on the volume of the absorbed
gas V, the gas concentration in the liquid
Ch of the determining size l, and the time
τ of absorption of the volume by the liquid
𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑒𝑒0 + 𝑒𝑒1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ + 𝑒𝑒2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ
2 + 𝑒𝑒3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ
3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.044 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.168 (3)
𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑒𝑒4 + 𝑒𝑒5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.168 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.36 (4)
𝑒𝑒0 = 1,032; 𝑒𝑒1 = 73,165; 𝑒𝑒2 = −662,0;
𝑒𝑒3 = 1,696 ∙ 103; 𝑒𝑒4 = 1,825; 𝑒𝑒5 = −9,5
Ch – the concentration of hydrogen in diesel fuel, ml/ml; Vs (Ch) – the dissolution rate, ml/s.
Diffusion of hydrogen in a FHM
based on diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel was determined by
the method [25, 26]. The pressure of the
medium in the container for the
experiments was 753 ± 1 mm Hg, the
temperature was 25 ± 1 ° C. The diffusion
coefficient was determined as a functional
dependence on the volume of the absorbed
gas V, the gas concentration in the liquid
Ch of the determining size l, and the time τ
of absorption of the volume by the liquid
𝐷𝐷ℎ = 𝑓𝑓(𝑉𝑉, 𝐶𝐶ℎ, 𝑙𝑙, τ)
Moreover, the diffusion coefficient
is inversely proportional to the value of the
gas concentration in the liquid. That is,
with an increase in the saturation of the
liquid with gas, the diffusion coefficient
decreases.
The change in the hydrogen
concentration in diesel fuel during the
study of the diffusion process is shown in
Fig. 6.
The fuel of the container was
intensively mixed in the period of time.
The time interval between
hydrogen supply to the fuel was 120 ± 1 s.
A pump was used to average the current
value of the hydrogen concentration in the
fuel between the injections of hydrogen.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel was determined
from the time of solubility of 10 ± 0.1 ml
of hydrogen. The completion of the
process of hydrogen solubility in diesel
fuel was recorded according to the data of
temperature sensor (7), installed in a tank
with fuel, into which H2 was dosed (Fig.
1). The accuracy of measuring the time of
hydrogen dissolution was ± 3 s. The supply
of H2 into the tank with fuel was carried
out discretely.
Fig. 6 Rate of change in hydrogen
concentration in diesel fuel:
▬ – average value; ● – experimental data.
The change in the hydrogen
concentration over time in diesel fuel at
temperatures of 25 ± 1° C, could be
determined from the following regression
dependence (5, 6).
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑔𝑔0 + 𝑔𝑔1 ∙ 𝜏𝜏 + 𝑔𝑔2 ∙ 𝜏𝜏2 + 𝑔𝑔3 ∙ 𝜏𝜏3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 5 ≤ 𝜏𝜏 ≤ 450; (5)
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑔𝑔4 + 𝑔𝑔5 ∙ 𝜏𝜏 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 450 ≤ 𝜏𝜏 ≤ 900 ; (6)
𝑔𝑔0 = 9,985 ∙ 10−3; 𝑔𝑔1 = 1,371 ∙ 10−3; 𝑔𝑔2 = −2.241 ∙ 10−6;
𝑔𝑔3 = 1.281 ∙ 10−9; 𝑔𝑔4 = 0,2375; 𝑔𝑔5 = 1.2 ∙ 10−4.
Moreover, the diffusion coefficient is in-
versely proportional to the value of the gas
concentration in the liquid. That is, with an in-
crease in the saturation of the liquid with gas,
the diffusion coefficient decreases.
The change in the hydrogen concentration
in diesel fuel during the study of the diffusion
process is shown in Fig. 6.
Fig. 6 Rate of change in hydrogen concentration
in diesel fuel:
▬ – average value; ● – experimental data.
L.I. Leybovych, B.V. Dymo, S.N. Anastasenko Y.V. Yevstigneyev
51https://ucj.org.ua
UCJ № 9 / Vol. 87
The fuel of the container was intensively
mixed in the period of time.
The time interval between hydrogen supply
to the fuel was 120 ± 1 s. A pump was used to
average the current value of the hydrogen con-
centration in the fuel between the injections of
hydrogen.
The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in
diesel fuel was determined from the time of
solubility of 10 ± 0.1 ml of hydrogen. The
completion of the process of hydrogen solu-
bility in diesel fuel was recorded according to
the data of temperature sensor (7), installed
in a tank with fuel, into which H2 was dosed
(Fig. 1). The accuracy of measuring the time
of hydrogen dissolution was ± 3 s. The supply
of H2 into the tank with fuel was carried out
discretely.
The change in the hydrogen concentration
over time in diesel fuel at temperatures of
25 ± 1 °C, could be determined from the fol-
lowing regression dependence (5, 6).
𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑒𝑒0 + 𝑒𝑒1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ + 𝑒𝑒2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ
2 + 𝑒𝑒3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ
3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.044 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.168 (3)
𝑉𝑉𝑆𝑆(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑒𝑒4 + 𝑒𝑒5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.168 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.36 (4)
𝑒𝑒0 = 1,032; 𝑒𝑒1 = 73,165; 𝑒𝑒2 = −662,0;
𝑒𝑒3 = 1,696 ∙ 103; 𝑒𝑒4 = 1,825; 𝑒𝑒5 = −9,5
Ch – the concentration of hydrogen in diesel fuel, ml/ml; Vs (Ch) – the dissolution rate, ml/s.
Diffusion of hydrogen in a FHM
based on diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel was determined by
the method [25, 26]. The pressure of the
medium in the container for the
experiments was 753 ± 1 mm Hg, the
temperature was 25 ± 1 ° C. The diffusion
coefficient was determined as a functional
dependence on the volume of the absorbed
gas V, the gas concentration in the liquid
Ch of the determining size l, and the time τ
of absorption of the volume by the liquid
𝐷𝐷ℎ = 𝑓𝑓(𝑉𝑉, 𝐶𝐶ℎ, 𝑙𝑙, τ)
Moreover, the diffusion coefficient
is inversely proportional to the value of the
gas concentration in the liquid. That is,
with an increase in the saturation of the
liquid with gas, the diffusion coefficient
decreases.
The change in the hydrogen
concentration in diesel fuel during the
study of the diffusion process is shown in
Fig. 6.
The fuel of the container was
intensively mixed in the period of time.
The time interval between
hydrogen supply to the fuel was 120 ± 1 s.
A pump was used to average the current
value of the hydrogen concentration in the
fuel between the injections of hydrogen.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel was determined
from the time of solubility of 10 ± 0.1 ml
of hydrogen. The completion of the
process of hydrogen solubility in diesel
fuel was recorded according to the data of
temperature sensor (7), installed in a tank
with fuel, into which H2 was dosed (Fig.
1). The accuracy of measuring the time of
hydrogen dissolution was ± 3 s. The supply
of H2 into the tank with fuel was carried
out discretely.
Fig. 6 Rate of change in hydrogen
concentration in diesel fuel:
▬ – average value; ● – experimental data.
The change in the hydrogen
concentration over time in diesel fuel at
temperatures of 25 ± 1° C, could be
determined from the following regression
dependence (5, 6).
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑔𝑔0 + 𝑔𝑔1 ∙ 𝜏𝜏 + 𝑔𝑔2 ∙ 𝜏𝜏2 + 𝑔𝑔3 ∙ 𝜏𝜏3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 5 ≤ 𝜏𝜏 ≤ 450; (5)
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑔𝑔4 + 𝑔𝑔5 ∙ 𝜏𝜏 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 450 ≤ 𝜏𝜏 ≤ 900 ; (6)
𝑔𝑔0 = 9,985 ∙ 10−3; 𝑔𝑔1 = 1,371 ∙ 10−3; 𝑔𝑔2 = −2.241 ∙ 10−6;
𝑔𝑔3 = 1.281 ∙ 10−9; 𝑔𝑔4 = 0,2375; 𝑔𝑔5 = 1.2 ∙ 10−4.
Ch (τ) – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml; τ – time, s
The value of the diffusion coefficient of hy-
drogen in diesel fuel, calculated from the rate
of hydrogen dissolution, is shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in diesel fuel.
The data in Fig. 7 show that with an increase
in the saturation of diesel fuel with hydrogen,
the diffusion coefficient decreases. At the be-
ginning of the hydrogen dissolution in fuel, the
diffusion coefficient Dh = (2,7…3,0) x 10-5. m2/s.
When the state of saturation of diesel fuel with
hydrogen is reached, the diffusion coefficient
decreases to Dh = 1 x 10-9 m2/s.
The diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in die-
sel fuel Dh at a temperature of 25 ± 1 ° C could
be determined from the following regression
equation (7.8).
Ch (τ) – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml; τ – time, s
The value of the diffusion
coefficient of hydrogen in diesel fuel,
calculated from the rate of hydrogen
dissolution, is shown in Fig. 7.
The data in Fig. 7 show that with an
increase in the saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen, the diffusion coefficient
decreases. At the beginning of the
hydrogen dissolution in fuel, the diffusion
coefficient Dh = (2,7…3,0) x 10-5. m2/s.
When the state of saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen is reached, the diffusion
coefficient decreases to Dh = 1 x 10-9 m2/s.
Fig. 7. Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in
diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel Dh at a temperature
of 25 ± 1 ° C could be determined from the
following regression equation (7.8).
𝐷𝐷ℎ(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑘𝑘0 + 𝑘𝑘1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ + 𝑘𝑘2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ2 + 𝑘𝑘3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.01 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.25 ; (7)
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑘𝑘4 + 𝑘𝑘5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.25 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0,4; (8)
𝑘𝑘0 = 3,85 ∙ 10−5; 𝑘𝑘1 = 1,7 ∙ 10−6; ; 𝑘𝑘2 = 6,124 ∙ 10−4;
𝑘𝑘3 = 2,36 ∙ 10−4; 𝑘𝑘4 = 0,2375; 𝑘𝑘5 = −4,0 ∙ 10−6.
Ch – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml.
CONCLUSION. Experimental studies of the
physical properties of a mixture of diesel fuel
with hydrogen have shown that at atmospheric
pressure and a temperature of 25–30 ° C, the
saturation concentration of hydrogen in diesel
fuel does not exceed 0.4 ml/ml. When the
temperature rises during the dissolution of
hydrogen in diesel fuel over 30 ° C, the
solubility of hydrogen deteriorates. The physical
properties (density and viscosity) of
hydrogenated diesel fuel change little. The
flashpoint is reduced by 3 ... 4 ° C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen
significantly depends on the concentration of
hydrogen in the fuel. In the saturated state, the
diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in diesel fuel
are close to Dh = 1x10-9 m2/s. The amount of
hydrogen dissolved in diesel fuel does not form
explosive concentrations when hydrogen is
desorbed from the fuel.
AKNOLEDGEMENT. The authors of the
article are grateful to the enterprise Ltd
"Teodora" for support in conducting
experiments.
Дослідження фізичних властивостей
сумішей дизельне паливо – водень
Л. І. Лейбович., Б. В. Димо, С. Н.
Анастосенко, Ю. В. Євстегнєєв
Національний університет кораблебудування
імені Адмірала Макарова,
просп. Героїв Сталінграду, 9, Миколаїв 4025,
Україна
E-mail: recycle.lev@gmail.com
Використання паливно-водневих
сумішей в теплових машинах покращує
Ch (τ) – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml; τ – time, s
The value of the diffusion
coefficient of hydrogen in diesel fuel,
calculated from the rate of hydrogen
dissolution, is shown in Fig. 7.
The data in Fig. 7 show that with an
increase in the saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen, the diffusion coefficient
decreases. At the beginning of the
hydrogen dissolution in fuel, the diffusion
coefficient Dh = (2,7…3,0) x 10-5. m2/s.
When the state of saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen is reached, the diffusion
coefficient decreases to Dh = 1 x 10-9 m2/s.
Fig. 7. Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in
diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel Dh at a temperature
of 25 ± 1 ° C could be determined from the
following regression equation (7.8).
𝐷𝐷ℎ(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑘𝑘0 + 𝑘𝑘1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ + 𝑘𝑘2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ2 + 𝑘𝑘3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.01 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.25 ; (7)
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑘𝑘4 + 𝑘𝑘5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.25 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0,4; (8)
𝑘𝑘0 = 3,85 ∙ 10−5; 𝑘𝑘1 = 1,7 ∙ 10−6; ; 𝑘𝑘2 = 6,124 ∙ 10−4;
𝑘𝑘3 = 2,36 ∙ 10−4; 𝑘𝑘4 = 0,2375; 𝑘𝑘5 = −4,0 ∙ 10−6.
Ch – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml.
CONCLUSION. Experimental studies of the
physical properties of a mixture of diesel fuel
with hydrogen have shown that at atmospheric
pressure and a temperature of 25–30 ° C, the
saturation concentration of hydrogen in diesel
fuel does not exceed 0.4 ml/ml. When the
temperature rises during the dissolution of
hydrogen in diesel fuel over 30 ° C, the
solubility of hydrogen deteriorates. The physical
properties (density and viscosity) of
hydrogenated diesel fuel change little. The
flashpoint is reduced by 3 ... 4 ° C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen
significantly depends on the concentration of
hydrogen in the fuel. In the saturated state, the
diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in diesel fuel
are close to Dh = 1x10-9 m2/s. The amount of
hydrogen dissolved in diesel fuel does not form
explosive concentrations when hydrogen is
desorbed from the fuel.
AKNOLEDGEMENT. The authors of the
article are grateful to the enterprise Ltd
"Teodora" for support in conducting
experiments.
Дослідження фізичних властивостей
сумішей дизельне паливо – водень
Л. І. Лейбович., Б. В. Димо, С. Н.
Анастосенко, Ю. В. Євстегнєєв
Національний університет кораблебудування
імені Адмірала Макарова,
просп. Героїв Сталінграду, 9, Миколаїв 4025,
Україна
E-mail: recycle.lev@gmail.com
Використання паливно-водневих
сумішей в теплових машинах покращує
Ch (τ) – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml; τ – time, s
The value of the diffusion
coefficient of hydrogen in diesel fuel,
calculated from the rate of hydrogen
dissolution, is shown in Fig. 7.
The data in Fig. 7 show that with an
increase in the saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen, the diffusion coefficient
decreases. At the beginning of the
hydrogen dissolution in fuel, the diffusion
coefficient Dh = (2,7…3,0) x 10-5. m2/s.
When the state of saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen is reached, the diffusion
coefficient decreases to Dh = 1 x 10-9 m2/s.
Fig. 7. Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in
diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel Dh at a temperature
of 25 ± 1 ° C could be determined from the
following regression equation (7.8).
𝐷𝐷ℎ(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑘𝑘0 + 𝑘𝑘1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ + 𝑘𝑘2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ2 + 𝑘𝑘3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.01 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.25 ; (7)
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑘𝑘4 + 𝑘𝑘5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.25 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0,4; (8)
𝑘𝑘0 = 3,85 ∙ 10−5; 𝑘𝑘1 = 1,7 ∙ 10−6; ; 𝑘𝑘2 = 6,124 ∙ 10−4;
𝑘𝑘3 = 2,36 ∙ 10−4; 𝑘𝑘4 = 0,2375; 𝑘𝑘5 = −4,0 ∙ 10−6.
Ch – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml.
CONCLUSION. Experimental studies of the
physical properties of a mixture of diesel fuel
with hydrogen have shown that at atmospheric
pressure and a temperature of 25–30 ° C, the
saturation concentration of hydrogen in diesel
fuel does not exceed 0.4 ml/ml. When the
temperature rises during the dissolution of
hydrogen in diesel fuel over 30 ° C, the
solubility of hydrogen deteriorates. The physical
properties (density and viscosity) of
hydrogenated diesel fuel change little. The
flashpoint is reduced by 3 ... 4 ° C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen
significantly depends on the concentration of
hydrogen in the fuel. In the saturated state, the
diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in diesel fuel
are close to Dh = 1x10-9 m2/s. The amount of
hydrogen dissolved in diesel fuel does not form
explosive concentrations when hydrogen is
desorbed from the fuel.
AKNOLEDGEMENT. The authors of the
article are grateful to the enterprise Ltd
"Teodora" for support in conducting
experiments.
Дослідження фізичних властивостей
сумішей дизельне паливо – водень
Л. І. Лейбович., Б. В. Димо, С. Н.
Анастосенко, Ю. В. Євстегнєєв
Національний університет кораблебудування
імені Адмірала Макарова,
просп. Героїв Сталінграду, 9, Миколаїв 4025,
Україна
E-mail: recycle.lev@gmail.com
Використання паливно-водневих
сумішей в теплових машинах покращує
Ch (τ) – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml; τ – time, s
The value of the diffusion
coefficient of hydrogen in diesel fuel,
calculated from the rate of hydrogen
dissolution, is shown in Fig. 7.
The data in Fig. 7 show that with an
increase in the saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen, the diffusion coefficient
decreases. At the beginning of the
hydrogen dissolution in fuel, the diffusion
coefficient Dh = (2,7…3,0) x 10-5. m2/s.
When the state of saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen is reached, the diffusion
coefficient decreases to Dh = 1 x 10-9 m2/s.
Fig. 7. Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in
diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel Dh at a temperature
of 25 ± 1 ° C could be determined from the
following regression equation (7.8).
𝐷𝐷ℎ(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑘𝑘0 + 𝑘𝑘1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ + 𝑘𝑘2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ2 + 𝑘𝑘3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.01 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.25 ; (7)
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑘𝑘4 + 𝑘𝑘5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.25 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0,4; (8)
𝑘𝑘0 = 3,85 ∙ 10−5; 𝑘𝑘1 = 1,7 ∙ 10−6; ; 𝑘𝑘2 = 6,124 ∙ 10−4;
𝑘𝑘3 = 2,36 ∙ 10−4; 𝑘𝑘4 = 0,2375; 𝑘𝑘5 = −4,0 ∙ 10−6.
Ch – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml.
CONCLUSION. Experimental studies of the
physical properties of a mixture of diesel fuel
with hydrogen have shown that at atmospheric
pressure and a temperature of 25–30 ° C, the
saturation concentration of hydrogen in diesel
fuel does not exceed 0.4 ml/ml. When the
temperature rises during the dissolution of
hydrogen in diesel fuel over 30 ° C, the
solubility of hydrogen deteriorates. The physical
properties (density and viscosity) of
hydrogenated diesel fuel change little. The
flashpoint is reduced by 3 ... 4 ° C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen
significantly depends on the concentration of
hydrogen in the fuel. In the saturated state, the
diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in diesel fuel
are close to Dh = 1x10-9 m2/s. The amount of
hydrogen dissolved in diesel fuel does not form
explosive concentrations when hydrogen is
desorbed from the fuel.
AKNOLEDGEMENT. The authors of the
article are grateful to the enterprise Ltd
"Teodora" for support in conducting
experiments.
Дослідження фізичних властивостей
сумішей дизельне паливо – водень
Л. І. Лейбович., Б. В. Димо, С. Н.
Анастосенко, Ю. В. Євстегнєєв
Національний університет кораблебудування
імені Адмірала Макарова,
просп. Героїв Сталінграду, 9, Миколаїв 4025,
Україна
E-mail: recycle.lev@gmail.com
Використання паливно-водневих
сумішей в теплових машинах покращує
Ch (τ) – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml; τ – time, s
The value of the diffusion
coefficient of hydrogen in diesel fuel,
calculated from the rate of hydrogen
dissolution, is shown in Fig. 7.
The data in Fig. 7 show that with an
increase in the saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen, the diffusion coefficient
decreases. At the beginning of the
hydrogen dissolution in fuel, the diffusion
coefficient Dh = (2,7…3,0) x 10-5. m2/s.
When the state of saturation of diesel fuel
with hydrogen is reached, the diffusion
coefficient decreases to Dh = 1 x 10-9 m2/s.
Fig. 7. Diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in
diesel fuel.
The diffusion coefficient of
hydrogen in diesel fuel Dh at a temperature
of 25 ± 1 ° C could be determined from the
following regression equation (7.8).
𝐷𝐷ℎ(𝐶𝐶ℎ) = 𝑘𝑘0 + 𝑘𝑘1 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ + 𝑘𝑘2 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ2 + 𝑘𝑘3 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ3 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.01 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0.25 ; (7)
𝐶𝐶ℎ(𝜏𝜏) = 𝑘𝑘4 + 𝑘𝑘5 ∙ 𝐶𝐶ℎ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 0.25 ≤ 𝐶𝐶ℎ ≤ 0,4; (8)
𝑘𝑘0 = 3,85 ∙ 10−5; 𝑘𝑘1 = 1,7 ∙ 10−6; ; 𝑘𝑘2 = 6,124 ∙ 10−4;
𝑘𝑘3 = 2,36 ∙ 10−4; 𝑘𝑘4 = 0,2375; 𝑘𝑘5 = −4,0 ∙ 10−6.
Ch – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml.
CONCLUSION. Experimental studies of the
physical properties of a mixture of diesel fuel
with hydrogen have shown that at atmospheric
pressure and a temperature of 25–30 ° C, the
saturation concentration of hydrogen in diesel
fuel does not exceed 0.4 ml/ml. When the
temperature rises during the dissolution of
hydrogen in diesel fuel over 30 ° C, the
solubility of hydrogen deteriorates. The physical
properties (density and viscosity) of
hydrogenated diesel fuel change little. The
flashpoint is reduced by 3 ... 4 ° C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen
significantly depends on the concentration of
hydrogen in the fuel. In the saturated state, the
diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in diesel fuel
are close to Dh = 1x10-9 m2/s. The amount of
hydrogen dissolved in diesel fuel does not form
explosive concentrations when hydrogen is
desorbed from the fuel.
AKNOLEDGEMENT. The authors of the
article are grateful to the enterprise Ltd
"Teodora" for support in conducting
experiments.
Дослідження фізичних властивостей
сумішей дизельне паливо – водень
Л. І. Лейбович., Б. В. Димо, С. Н.
Анастосенко, Ю. В. Євстегнєєв
Національний університет кораблебудування
імені Адмірала Макарова,
просп. Героїв Сталінграду, 9, Миколаїв 4025,
Україна
E-mail: recycle.lev@gmail.com
Використання паливно-водневих
сумішей в теплових машинах покращує
Ch – the hydrogen concentration in diesel fuel, ml/ml.
RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES
52 ISSN 2708-129X. Укр. хім. журн., 2021
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
CONCLUSION. Experimental studies of the
physical properties of a mixture of diesel fuel
with hydrogen have shown that at atmosphe
ric pressure and a temperature of 25–30 °C, the
saturation concentration of hydrogen in diesel
fuel does not exceed 0.4 ml/ml. When the tem-
perature rises during the dissolution of hydro-
gen in diesel fuel over 30 ° C, the solubility of
hydrogen deteriorates. The physical properties
(density and viscosity) of hydrogenated diesel
fuel change little. The flashpoint is reduced by
3 ... 4 °C.
The rate of dissolution of hydrogen signifi
cantly depends on the concentration of hy-
drogen in the fuel. In the saturated state, the
diffusion coefficients of hydrogen in diesel fuel
are close to Dh = 1×10-9 m2/s. The amount of
hydrogen dissolved in diesel fuel does not form
explosive concentrations when hydrogen is de-
sorbed from the fuel.
AKNOLEDGEMENT. The authors
of the article are grateful to the en-
terprise Ltd «Teodora» for support in
conducting experiments.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФІЗИЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ
СУМІШЕЙ ДИЗЕЛЬНЕ ПАЛИВО – ВОДЕНЬ
Л. І. Лейбович., Б. В. Димо,
С. Н. Анастосенко, Ю. В. Євстегнєєв
Національний університет кораблебуду-
вання імені Адмірала Макарова,
просп. Героїв Сталінграду, 9, Миколаїв 4025,
Україна
E-mail: recycle.lev@gmail.com
Використання паливно-водневих сумі-
шей в теплових машинах покращує процеси
горіння палива. Також знижуються викиди
в атмосферу токсичних продуктів із димо-
вими газами. З огляду на безпечну роботу
теплової машини доцільним є подавання в
неї рідкого палива, насиченого воднем. Це
зумовлено тим, що коефіцієнт дифузії вод-
ню в рідинах значно нижчий, ніж у газах.
У цьому випадку ймовірність утворення
вибухонебезпечних концентрацій водню в
повітрі значно менша, ніж при подаванні
повітряно-водневих сумішей. Розчинення
водню в рідкому паливі змінює його фізич-
ні властивості. В літературі недостатньо
даних щодо впливу розчиненого водню на
в’язкість паливно-водневих сумішей. Крім
цього, конструктивне виконання системи
насичення палива воднем істотно залежить
від швидкості розчинення H2 в паливі. Ме-
тою цієї роботи було експериментальне ви-
значення зміни в’язкості дизельного пали-
ва при розчиненні в ньому водню; швидко-
сті розчинення водню в дизельному паливі,
коефіцієнта дифузії водню в дизельному
паливі. Розроблено спеціальний стенд для
дослідження процесів розчинення водню
в рідкому паливі. Стенд обладнано спеці-
альним сенсором водню на основі датчика
«MQ-8», що убезпечує виконання експе-
риментального дослідження. У результаті
експериментальних досліджень встановле-
но, що в’язкість і щільність дизельного па-
лива мало змінюється при насиченні його
воднем. Температура спалаху в закритому
тиглі знижується на 3…4 оС. Досліджено
швидкість розчинення водню в дизельно-
му паливі. Встановлено, що коефіцієнт ди-
фузії водню в дизельному паливі істотно
залежить від початкової концентрації Н2
L.I. Leybovych, B.V. Dymo, S.N. Anastasenko Y.V. Yevstigneyev
53https://ucj.org.ua
UCJ № 9 / Vol. 87
в паливі. Відпрацьовано систему захисту
дослідного стенду від несанкціонованих
викидів водню в навколишнє середовище.
Захист забезпечує відключення обладнан-
ня стенду при концентрації водню в зоні
його генерування і подавання в паливо на
рівні 1%.
Ключові слова: водень, дизельне пали-
во, розчинення водню, фізичні властивості
суміші дизельне паливо – водень.
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Стаття надійшла 17.10.2021.
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| institution | Ukrainian Chemistry Journal |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:07:03Z |
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| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | ucjorgua/eb/20d8c18d1f46c6f636efeb90ddbb2ceb.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.1444248.nisspano.web.hosting-test.net:article-3532026-07-22T08:23:47Z RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES Leybovych , Lev Dymo , Borys Anastasenko , Sergey Yevstigneyev , Yurii Hydrogen, diesel fuel, hydrogen dissolution, physical properties of a diesel fuel-hydrogen mixture. The change in the viscosity of diesel fuel with dissolved hydrogen, the rate of dissolution of hydrogen in the diesel fuel, and the hydrogen diffusion coefficient in diesel fuel were experimentally determined. Dissolving hydrogen in liquid fuel changes its physical-chemical properties. It has been found that the viscosity and density of diesel fuel change little when it is saturated with hydrogen. The flashpoint in a closed crucible is reduced by 3–4 °C. The rate of dissolution of hydrogen in diesel fuel has been investigated. It has been found that the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in diesel fuel depends significantly on the initial concentration of H2 in the fuel. The liquid fuel is advisable to supply with saturated hydrogen for the safety of the heat engine operation. The design of the hydrogen fuel saturation system with a special hydrogen sensor based on the MQ-8 sensor was proposed. The system of protection of the research stand from unauthorized emissions of hydrogen into the environment has been worked out. The protection ensures the shutdown of the stand equipment when the hydrogen concentration in the zone of its generation and supply to the fuel is at the level of 1%. V.I.Vernadsky Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry 2021-10-25 Article Article Physical chemistry Физическая xимия Фізична xімія application/pdf https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/353 10.33609/2708-129X.87.09.2021.45-54 Ukrainian Chemistry Journal; Vol. 87 No. 9 (2021): Ukrainian Chemistry Journal; 45-54 Украинский химический журнал; ##issue.vol## 87 ##issue.no## 9 (2021): Ukrainian Chemistry Journal; 45-54 Український хімічний журнал; Том 87 № 9 (2021): Український хімічний журнал; 45-54 2708-129X 2708-1281 en https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/353/188 Copyright (c) 2021 Lev Leybovych , Borys Dymo , Sergey Anastasenko , Yurii Yevstigneyev https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Leybovych , Lev Dymo , Borys Anastasenko , Sergey Yevstigneyev , Yurii RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES |
| title | RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES |
| title_full | RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES |
| title_fullStr | RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES |
| title_full_unstemmed | RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES |
| title_short | RESEARCH OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIESEL FUEL-HYDROGEN MIXTURES |
| title_sort | research of the physical properties of diesel fuel-hydrogen mixtures |
| topic_facet | Hydrogen diesel fuel hydrogen dissolution physical properties of a diesel fuel-hydrogen mixture. |
| url | https://ucj.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/353 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leybovychlev researchofthephysicalpropertiesofdieselfuelhydrogenmixtures AT dymoborys researchofthephysicalpropertiesofdieselfuelhydrogenmixtures AT anastasenkosergey researchofthephysicalpropertiesofdieselfuelhydrogenmixtures AT yevstigneyevyurii researchofthephysicalpropertiesofdieselfuelhydrogenmixtures |