Рід Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) у В’єтнамі
The paper deals with the results of long-term investigation of genus Eria in Vietnam – one of the largest orchid genera in flora of Vietnam and in family Orchidaceae as a whole. Many representatives of the genus Eria are not only an important component of primary epiphytic and lithophytic plant comm...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2002
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| author | Long, V.N. |
| author_facet | Long, V.N. |
| author_sort | Long, V.N. |
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| description | The paper deals with the results of long-term investigation of genus Eria in Vietnam – one of the largest orchid genera in flora of Vietnam and in family Orchidaceae as a whole. Many representatives of the genus Eria are not only an important component of primary epiphytic and lithophytic plant communities, but also play an important role in national medicine and may successfully been cultivated as ornamental plants. The brief descriptions of main types of vegetation natural habitats of genus Eria, data about distribution and ecology of genus Eria, about the main lines of morphological evolution, adaptation and specialization of genus Eria are given. The results of geographic and florogenetic analyses of Eria species in Vietnam are given. The conservation status of species of the genus Eria in Vietnam was determined (according to classification IUCN). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.5281/zenodo.3333745 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:50:00Z |
| format | Article |
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УДК 582.594.2:581.526.422 (597)
VU NGOC LONG
The National Center for Natural Sciences and Technology of Vietnam,
Sub-Institute of Ecology, Resources and Environment Studies of Institute of Tropical Biology
Ho-Chi-Minh City, Vietnam
THE GENUS ERIA LINDL. (ORCHIDACEAE JUSS.) IN VIETNAM
T h e p a p e r d e a ls w ith th e r e s u lts o f long-term , in v e s t ig a t io n o f g e n u s E r ia in V ie tn a m — on e o f th e la r g e s t
o rc h id g e n e ra in f lo ra o f V ie tn a m a n d in fa m ily O rc h id a c e a e a s a w hole . M a n y r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s o f th e g e n u s
E r ia a re n o t o n ly a n im p o r ta n t c o m p o n e n t o f p r im a r y e p ip h y tic a n d l i th o p h y tic p la n t c o m m u n itie s , b u t
a lso p la y a n im p o r ta n t ro le in n a t io n a l m e d ic in e a n d m a y s u c c e s s fu lly been c u l t iv a te d a s o r n a m e n ta l
p la n ts . T h e b r ie f d e sc r ip tio n s o f m a in ty p e s o f v e g e ta t io n n a tu r a l h a b i ta ts o f g e n u s E r ia , d a ta a b o u t d i s
tr ib u tio n a n d eco lo g y o f g e n u s E r ia , a b o u t th e m a in lin e s o f m o rp h o lo g ica l e vo lu tio n , a d a p ta t io n a n d sp e
c ia l i z a t io n o f g e n u s E r ia a re g iv e n . T h e r e s u lts o f g e o g ra p h ic a n d flo ro g e n e tic a n a ly s e s o f E r ia sp e c ie s in
V ie tn a m a re g iv e n . T h e c o n se rv a tio n s ta tu s o f sp e c ie s o f th e g e n u s E r ia in V ie tn a m w a s d e te r m in e d
( a c c o r d in g to c la s s i f ic a t io n I U C N )
Introduction
The genus Eria — is one of the largest orchid
genera in flora of Vietnam and in family
Orchidaceae as a whole. According to the mod
em researches, it includes 46 species in the ter
ritory of the country that represents 6 % of all
orchids in Vietnam [1—4, 6]. This genus occu
pies in Vietnam the third place after
Dendrobium and Bulbophyllum. Many repre
sentatives of the genus Eria have wide distri
bution in Vietnam and form an important
integral component of primary epiphytic and
lithophytic plant communities, typical for the
majority of primary forests. Other species of
this genus have circumscribed distribution,
representing strict endemism. Such endemic
© VU NGOC LONG, 2002
species represent a very sensitive element of
the flora. They may be successfully used as
markers in biogeography, in monitoring of pro
tected territories and in analysis of anthro
pogenic changes observed everywhere in flora
of the country.
It is necessary to underline, that the genus
Eria exhibits the center of diversity in Indo-
Chinese peninsula, where it is presented with
all main sections and have representative
species composition.
The genus Eria in Vietnam gives under
standing of the main and most important lines
of evolution, adaptation and specialization not
only in the genus Eria, but also in all family
Orchidaceae. The genus has the large value for
modern phytogeographic analysis, study of
florogenetic processes in Indochina, for deli
2 2 ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2002, N° I
The genus Eria Lindl. (O rchidaceae Juss.) in Vietnam
mitation of main centers of local endemism and
biodiversity, as well as for outline of desirable
protected areas.
Many representatives of genus Eria are not
only an important component of primary
epiphitic and lithophytic plant communities,
but also play an important role in national
medicine and may successfully been cultivated
as ornamental plants (Fig. 1—8).
The main types of vegetation and most
typical habitats of species of the genus
Eria in Vietnam
Monsoon tropical woods are most typical for
Vietnam. The species of the genus Eria are
plants of woods occurring almost exclusively in
various types of primary forests. The flora of
epiphytic orchids is very rich and includes
about 10 species of the genus Eria on the type
of evergreen broad-leaved lowland woods on
alluvial soils, which exist now as a small frag
ments along the rivers. For such woods are
characteristic wet rainy summer and dry winter.
These woods usually are wet and highly close.
The trees of the upper stratum belong to tropi
cal families and their heights reach 30 — 35 m.
Evergreen and semideciduous broad-leaved
and coniferous forests on ancient karst lime
stones at elevations up to 1000 (1400) m are
richest in orchids and Eria species in Vietnam.
The genus Eria is represented in these woods
approximately by 20 species, among which are
lithophytes and epiphytes. The climate here
differs in the hot and wet summer and very dry
cool winter. At low elevation in these woods
dominate broad-leaved trees, which are gradu
ally replaced by conifers, such as Pseudotsuga,
Tsuga, Calocedius and Pinus on higher eleva
tions. Lowland woods on acidic silicate soils
have other species composition of the genus
Eria and including about 12 species Eria.
Usually such woods relatively wet and close,
however in the south of the country semide
ciduous and deciduous dry woods and savanna
woodlands freguently replace them. Beginning
from heights 600-700 m, in these forests
appear gymnosperms from such genera as
Podocarpus, Dacrycarpus and Dacrydium. The
special ecological group is presented here by 3
miniature species of the genus Eria, living in a
peripheral part tree crowns, as well as 5 species
with lithophytic mode of life.
F ig. 1. Eria c a lca rea V.N. L ong e t A ver.
ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2002, Ne 1
F ig . 2. Eria la c tillo ra A ver.
23
Fig. 3. Eria fo e tid a A ver. Fig. 4. Eria obscu ra A ver.
Vu N goc Long
24
F ig. 5. E ria ca rin a ta Lindl. F ig. 6. E ria g a g n e p a in ii H a w k es e t H eller
ISSN 1605-6574. Ін т родукц ія рослин , 2002, Ns 1
The genus Eria Lindl. (O rchidaceae Juss.) in Vietnam
Fig. 7. Eria g lo b ifera R olfe
There are about 15 species of genus Eria on
’he mountain and highland woods on acidic si-
cate soils, which are widely spread all over
'Jie country. The wet and cool climate caused
: redominance here of trees of subtropical fam-
ies. Large tree ferns are very usual in such
Aoods. The dry season is short. The high
Tumidity defines in these forests abundance
i~.d diversity of epiphytes.
Coniferous trees become usual at the tops of
r. juntain ranges. On montane slopes they reach
40 m height, and on mountain peaks form cloud
:: rests with gnarled trees, commonly not higher
■-.an 10—12 m. In more dry conditions here do
minate Dacrycarpus, Dacrydium, Keteleeria, Pinus
• :яуа, P. merkusii, and in more wet — Fokienia,
'anninghamia, Nageia, Podocarpus, Tsuga, Pinus
■ - "pfii and P. dalatensis. The distinct dry sea
son here is not present. The species composition
:: epiphytes is not rich due to low winter tem-
r-ratures, but the abundance of epiphytic plants
.5 high. To this group, besides other orchids,
relong about 8 species of the genus Eria.
F ig. 8. Eria d ive rs ic o lo r V.N. L ong e t A ver.
Dry semideciduous woods and the savanna
woodlands spread wide in the south of the
country at elevations 0 -5 0 0 m, where prevails
semiarid climate with the long dry season. In
wood undestory the xerophytic grasses and
bamboos dominate. Orchids here are not too
various. The genus Eria is represented in these
woods by two species both of which, however,
are strict endemics.
For other plant communities wide spread in
territory of Vietnam (shrub, herbaceous, man
grove communities, swamps, various secondary
groupings etc.), the species of the genus Eria
are not characteristic and meet as infrequent
exception.
Geobotany, distribution, ecology
and protection of species of the genus
Eria in Vietnam
The flora of Vietnam is typical flora of
Paleotropic Kingdom numbering about 10350
species, which belong to 2256 genera and 305
families. From them about 750 species and 135
genera fall into to family Orchidaceae, largest
family in the flora of the country. All species
were ranged into geographical groups on the
base of their distribution, which reflect their
natural history and migrations (Table 1).
Very large diversity of natural conditions,
habitats and types of environment of Vietnam
■ ' V 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2002, Ne 1 25
Vu N goc Long
f ■
Types of Vietnamese Eria species distribution
T a b l e 1
Type of species distribution Species names %
4.1. South-Asian group 4 species: 8.7%
4.1.1. South-Asia-Malesia Eiia bractescens 2.2%
4.1.2. South-Asia-Sundaic Eria billora, E. lasiopetala, E. parmea 6.5%
4.3. Indochina-M alesian group 3 species: 6.5%
4.3.1. Indochina-M alesian Eria floribunda 2.2 %
4.3.2. Indochina-Sundaic Eria oblitterata, E. tenuiflora 4.4%
4.4. SE. Asia mainland group 39 species: 84.8 %
4.4.1. E. Himalaya-SE. Asian Eria acervata, E. arnica, E. apertillora, E. bambusifolia, E. carinata,
(mainland) E. clausa, E. corneri, E. coronaria, E. muscicola, E. paniculata,
E. pusilla, E. tomentosa 26.1 %
4.4.2. S. Chinese Eria crassifolia 2.2 %
4.4.3. E. Himalaya-Indochinese Eria dacrydium 2.2 %
4.4.4. M alay-Indochinese (mainland) Eria bipunctata, E. eriopsidobulbon, E. globiiera, E. globulilera,
E. perpusilla, E. siamensis, E. sutepensis, E. truncata 17.4 %
4.4.5. Indochinese
(except M alay Peninsula)
Eria donnaiensis, E. gagnepainii 4.4 %
4.4.6. Vietnam ese Eria bidupensis, E. boniana, E. calcarea, E. carunculosa, E.
cochinchinensis, E. diversicolor, E. foetida, E. lactiflora, E. lanigera,
E. longipes, E. obscura, E. pulverulenta, E. simondii, E. spirodela,
E. thao 32.6 %
supports a highest level of a biodiversity and
high level of plant endemism, especially in
Orchid family (endemics in flora of the coun
try represent about 10 % of species and 3 % of
total number of genera). The genus Eria pre
sents important component of floras of wet
tropical regions of Southeastern Asia and
includes in Vietnam 46 species. It represents
6 % of all Vietnamese orchids, which from
them 15 species (32.6 %) are endemics of
Vietnam.
As a whole florogenetic analysis of species
of the genus Eria gives a pattern of floristic
connections, justified for all flora of the coun
try. In this respect the orchid flora of Vietnam
(including species of the genus Eria) reveals
closest floristic connections with the East
Himalayas, southwest part of Indochinese
peninsula, including Malay Peninsula, and
southern China. Less connection are observed
with Philippines and Sunda islands. The largest
group of Eria species is formed by strict
endemic species (Table 1), Such species in
Vietnam are 15 that present 32.6 % of a species
composition of the genus Eria, represented in
flora of the country.
Six floristic districts or floristic provinces
are defined and accepted on the base of phy
togeographic, geological, geomorphologic and
climatological data on the territory of Vietnam.
The greatest species diversity of the genus Eria
is observed in South Annamese province (29
species, from them 6 are endemics of this
province), and also in Central Annamese (22
and 1), South Chinese (21 and 1) and North
Indochinese (20, no one endemic) provinces.
Relatively poor species composition is
observed in South Indochinese (17 and 2) and
Sikang-Yunnan (14 and 2) provinces.
The species of the genus Eria, occurring in
Vietnam, may be separated into 3 ecological
groups: (1) the species of the first group pre
fer wet evergreen broad-leaved and conife
rous forests on limestone, which widespread
in north of the country. (2) The species of
other group grow in mountain regions of cen-
26 ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2002, Ne 1
The genus Eria Lindl. (O ichidaceae Juss.) in Vietnam
-------------------------------------------------------- ^
:ral and southern Vietnam, where the acidic
silicate rocks, sandstones or shifts prevail. (3)
The species of the third group do not show
■_ie obvious preference to the certain sub-
' ■ rate (Table 2). On their mode of life the
species of the genus Eria in Vietnam are
divided on epiphytes (42 species), lithophytes
14 species) and terrestrial plants (2 species).
The part of species inhabits a mountain belt
elevation 8 0 0 - 1500 m above sea level (28
species), at elevations 0 — 800 may be found
: 3 species, and the same number of species
live in highlands as high as 1500 — 2500 m
і 5.1. For 9 species the elevation range of
- ibitats was not fixed. The species of the
genus Eria in Vietnam prefer regions with a
r.igh level of atmosphere precipitations, which,
r.owever, usually is seasonal, therefore plants
develop adaptations for survival during more or
•ess long drought (Table 2).
Now majority of species of the genus Eria in
V ie tn a m rapidly die out as a result of the
incontrolled collecting and destruction of their
nabitats.
All species of the genus, especially strict
endemics, need protection all over the coun
try. About 16 species of the genus Eria are
very rare plants, 7 — rare; all of them are
known on one or several old findings and now
ire very close to extinction. The species some
times reported as common, actually, are rather
common only in restricted territories of sur
vival pieces of primary woods, but not all over
the country. According to criteria of classifica-
:ion IUCN, 1 species of the genus Eria in flora
of Vietnam is endangered, 15 species are vul
nerable, and 13 species belong to the group of
lower risk and deficit data for an estimation of
the status for 17 species. The protection of
species of the genus Eria, as well as other
orchids, must include a lot of measures, such
as the gualified research of the flora for dis
covery of existing populations, organization of
protected areas and their monitoring, edition
of the verified Red data book, prohibition of
the collecting of plants for commercial pur
poses, wide public education of necessity of
conservation of rare species as national treasu
re (Table 2).
Generic and infrageneric classification and
evolution of the genus Eria
The genus position is defined as: Fam.
Orchidaceae Juss., Subfam. Epidendroideae
Lindl., Trib. Epidendreae Humb., Bonpl. et
Kunth, Subtrib. Eriinae Benth., Genus Eria
Lindl. The genus Eria is the largest genus of
subtribe and includes 350 — 400 species. Genus
Eria in flora of Vietnam represented by 13 sec
tions and 46 species.
Different directions of the evolution, which
have determined formation of the sections of
the genus, represented in Vietnam are ana
lyzed as following:
(1) The section Bambusifoliae appears in the
genus as the most primitive on the base of
combination of numerous very primitive fea
tures. Probably it is ancestral group.
(2) The formation of not swollen short stem
with distichous conduplicate leaves, and lip of
guite complicated structure covered with papil
lae, imitating pollen grains, has resulted in for
mation of species of the section Mycaranthes.
(3) One of the main evolutionary tendencies
consists in formation of cylindrical little thick
ened pseudobulbs consisting of 2 internodes;
the apical internodes in this case are shortened
and two leaves approach on an apex. Such
phenomenon is characteristic for sections
Polyura, Secundae and Trichosma. Most primi
tive among them are the section Polyura, hav
ing simple petaloid lip, and section Secundae
with a simple lip bearing poorly visible callosi
ties. More advanced section of this group is the
section Trichosma. The lip in species of this
section gets complex of lamellate keels and
much reduced flower bracts that appear as
hardly visible scarious scales. The most
advanced species of section form almost orbi
cular pseudobulbs.
ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2002, № I 27
Vu N goc Long
f------------------------------------------- — -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Data on ecology and status of Eria species in the flora of Vietnam
T a b l e 2
Species name
epi
phyte
litho-
phyte
terre
strial
Si
substrate
Ca
substrate
0 -
800 m
8 0 0 -
1500 m
1500 —
2500 m
status occur
rence
1. E.acervata + + + + V U nr
2. E.amica + + + + + LR nr
3. E.apertiflora + + + + V U nc
4. E.bambusifolia + — — DD vr
5. E.bidupensis + + + DD R
6. E.biflora + + + + DD vr
7. E.bipunctata + + + + VU nc
8. E.boniana + + + + LR nr
9. E.bractescens + + — DD vr
10. E.calcarea + + + + V U nr
11. E.carinata — + + + v u r
12. E.carunculosa + + + — DD vr
13. E.clausa + + + + + DD r
14. E.cochinchinensis + + — DD vr
15. E.comeri — + + + + — LR с
16. E.coronaria — + + + + + LR VC
17. E.crassifolia + + + + VU nc
18. E.dacrydium + + + + DD vr
19. E.diversicolor + + + DD r
20. E.donnaiensis + + — DD vr
21. E.eriopsidobulbon + + + VU nr
22. E.floribunda + + + + v u r
23. E.foetida + + + + v u 0
24. E.gagnepainii — + + + + — + LR nr
25. E.globifera + + + — — + + LR nr
26. E.globulifera + — — + + + LR nr
27. E.lactiflora + + + + VU r
28. E.lanigera + — + DD VT
29. E.lasiopetala + — + + + LR nr
30. E.longipes + + — DD vr
31. E.muscicola + + + DD vr
32. E.oblitterata + + + DD vr
33. E.obscura + + + VU 0
34. E.paniculata + — + + + + LR VC
35. E.pannea + + + + + LR nr
36. E.perpusilla + + + EN vr
37. E.pulverulenta + + — DD vr
38. E.pusilla + + + + + V U nr
39. E.siamensis + — + + + + LR nr
40. E.simondii + — — — DD vr
41. E.spirodela + + + + + VU VT
42. E.sutepensis + + + + + VU 0
43. E.tenuiflora + + — — — DD VT
44. E.thao + + + + + LR nr
45. E.tomentosa + + + + + LR nr
46. E.truncate + + + + VU r
Explanations for the table: first three colum ns (from the left to the right) means epiphytic, lithophytic or terrestrial mode
of life recorded for Eria species; next two colum ns mean preferences of the species to substrates developed on silicate
acidic rocks (granite, rhyolite, quartzite, andesite, silicate sandstone etc.) and on solid crystalline limestone; next three
colum ns mean elevations reported for habitats of the species — in meters; last two columns mean status species in the
wild (according to IUCN categories: EN — endangered, VU — vulnerable, LR — lower risk, DD — deficit data and
species rarity (vr — very rare, r — rare, nr — not rare, nc — not common, о — occasional, с — common, vc — very
common); " — data are absent.
28 ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2002, № 1
The genus Eria Lindl. (O rchidaceae Juss.) in Vietnam
(4) The sections Cylindrolobus, Hymenaria,
Pinalia and Urostachya represent central trunk
in evolution of the genus. For this evolution
line is typical successive thickening and
oligomerization of shoot to formation of large
fat pseudobulbs, formation of colored flower
bracts and complicating of lip structure. The
lip gets the complex structure specific to each
of listed sections. Lip of species of the sections
Cylindrolobus and Hymenaria is distinctly ta
bulate with various keels of a complex struc
ture and large colored flower bracts.
Pseudobulbs of the most advanced species of
last section become almost orbicular. The spe
cial type of a lip is characteristic for sections
Pinalia and Urostachya. Lip of species of the
first section has massive junction with column-
foot, and inflorescence becomes head-like. For
species of the second section are characteristic
the lateral lobes of a lip connected by the high
transversal connective, that forms cup-like
structure similar to wide nectary (Fig. 9).
Highest level of oligomerization of
orthotropic shoots is typical for species of sec
tions Dendrolirium, Strongyleria and
Xiphosium. Section Dendrolirium occupies the
central place in this group. Here is observed
the changes of pseudobulbs form from cylin
drical to almost spherical one, consisting of
2 - 3 internodes. Leaves in some species
become succulent. This tendency increases in
some species of section Strongyleria, when
leaves become cylindrical, taking up function
of a reserving of water. Pseudobulbs at such
species are not formed. In the second group of
species of section Strongyleria is observed the
maximal oligomerization of orthtropic shoot,
which is represented by orbicular juicy
pseudobulbs, consisting from one node.
Pseudobulbs with one terminal leaf are charac
teristic also for section Xiphosium. Flowers of
species of this section have wing-like keels on
lateral sepals that are a unigue feature of very
high specialization.
General miniaturization has leaded to for
mation of section Conchidium, which looks
guite heterogeneous on its origin and mor
phology. A deep reduction and metamorpho-
Я. sect. 13. Conchidium
Fig. 9. The schem e of phylogenetic relationships of main sections of the genus Eria, represented in Vietnam flora
ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2002, № 1 29
Vu N goc Long
sis of all members with partly or complete
reduction of leaves is observed here. Green
flattened pseudobulbs carry in species of the
section function of photosynthesis. In every
respect species of this section give an exam
ple of the highest specialization not only in
the genus Eria, but also in all Orchidaceae
family.
Main issues and discussion
• Strict correlation of a diversity of species
of the genus Eria with a high level and con
stancy of humidity of habitats during all year is
revealed; climatic features of the territory of a
habitation of the genus Eria with revealing of 7
types of a climate, which are: 1) monsoon tro
pical climate with cool winter and summer
rains; 2) with cool winter and summer —autumn
rains; 3) with warm winter and win
ter — autumn — winter rains; 4) with warm win
ter and au tu m n -w in te r rains; 5) with warm
winter and summer rains; 6) monsoon sub-
equatorial climate with summer rains; 7) mon
soon tropical mountain climate.
• It was found that the greatest diversity of
Eria species is observed in primary mountain
forests at medium elevations. The 7 main types
of vegetation (identical with 7 types of climate
features) and most typical localities of species
of the genus Eria in Vietnam are given: 1) ever
green broad-leaved plain forests on alkaline
soils; 2) evergreen and semideciduous broad
leaved mixed and coniferous forests on lime
stone rocks; 3) evergreen lowland forests on
silicate soils; (4) evergreen montane and high
land forests on silicate rocks; 5) semideciduous
and deciduous dry lowland forests; 6) coastal
vegetation, swamps and mangrove thickets; 7)
secondary and agricultural plant communities.
• It was found, that 8.7 % Eria species in
the flora of Vietnam belong to South-Asian
type of distribution, 6.5 % species belong to
Indo-Malesian type and 84.8 % of species
have Asian continental (mainland) type of
d istribu tion . The last g roup includes
species with E. Hymalaya-SE. Asian distribu
tion (26.1 % of species), S. Chinese distribu
tion (2.2 %), E. Hymalaya-Indochinese distri
bution (2.2 %), Malay-Indochinese continen
tal (mainland) distribution (17.4 %), Indo
chinese d istribution (4.4 %) and strict
endemic Vietnamese distribution (32.6 %).
Such florogenetic allocation of Eria species
reflects character of all flora of Vietnam and
confirms its very high level of endemism.
• It is found the circle of status problems of
species of genus Eria Vietnam, that the major
ity of endemic species needs protection.
• The main evolutionary tendencies in the
genus Eria were outlined on the base of
detailed morphological studies. These defined
ways of morphological evolution were used as
a base for infrageneric classification, which
resulted of 13 sections of the genus, 46
species. In the flora of Vietnam 15 species of
the genus are strict endemics of the country
(including two species, described as new to a
science).
1. Аверьянов Л.В., By Нгок Лонг. Редкие виды
рода Eria (Orchidaceae) во флоре Вьетнама / /
Бот. журн. — 1989. — 74, N 10. — С. 1518.
2. Аверьянов Л.В., By Нгок Лонг. Род Eria
(Orchidaceae) во Вьетнаме. Секции Bambusifoliae,
Mycaranthes, Trichosma, Polyurae, Dendrolirium,
Strongyleria, Pinalia и Urostachyae / / Там же. —
1990. - 75, N 11. - С. 1583-1593.
3. Аверьянов Л.В., By Нгок Лонг. Род Eria
(Orchidaceae) во Вьетнаме. Секции Hymenaria,
Secundae, Cylindrolobus и Conchidium / / Там же. —
1991. - 76, N 3. - С. 442-449.
4. Аверьянов Л.В., By Нгок Лонг. Род 2. Eria
Lindl. / / Определитель орхидных (Orchidaceae
Juss.) Вьетнама. — СПб: Мир и Семья, 1994. —
С. 223-242.
5. Red Data Book of Vietnam. Vol. 2. Plants. —
Hanoi: Sci. Techn. Publ. House. Hanoi. — 1996. —
482 p.
6. Vu Ngoc Long, Averyanov, L. V New species of
the genus Eria Lindley from Vietnam / / Komaro-
via. - 2002. - Vol. 2. - P. 45-50.
30 ISSN 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2002, Ns 1
The genus Eria Lindl. (O rchidaceae Juss.) in Vietnam
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------^
: Л ERIA LINDL (ORCHIDACEAE JUSS.)
• ВЄТНАМІ
By Нгок Лонг
- і зональний Центр природничих наук і техно-
гл В'єтнаму, Центр екології, природних ре-
. г-.:в і навколишнього середовища інституту
— лічної біології, В'єтнам, м. Хошимін
У статті викладено результати багаторічного
;.ебічного дослідження роду Eria Lindl. у
5 гтнамі — одного з найбільших родів орхідей
: ?и В’єтнаму і родини Orchidaceae в цілому,
г-'лто представників роду Eria є не лише важ-
‘ •£ 5-ою складовою первинних епіфітних та
тфітних рослинних угруповань, а й станов-
л т> значний практичний інтерес як лікарські
і гкоративні рослини. Наведено стислі описи
хповних типів рослинності місць природного
:-::тання роду Егіа, відомості щодо поширення
- екології видів роду Егіа у В'єтнамі, головні
-і~рями морфологічної еволюції, адаптації та
. “гшалізації цього роду. Представлені результа-
■ - географічного і флорогенетичного аналізу
- _.в роду Егіа у В'єтнамі. Дано оцінку статусу
. з роду Егіа як рослин, що потребують охо-
:«:ни (відповідно до класифікації IUCN).
РОД ERIA LINDL. (ORCHIDACEAE JUSS.)
ВО ВЬЕТНАМЕ
By Нгок Лонг
Национальный центр естественных наук и тех
нологии Вьетнама, Центр экологии, ресурсов и
окружающей среды института тропической био
логии, Вьетнам, г. Хошимин
В статье изложены результаты многолетнего все
стороннего изучения рода Eria Lindl. во Вьетна
ме — одного из крупнейших родов орхидей фло
ры Вьетнама и семейства Orchidaceae в целом.
Многие представители этого рода не только яв
ляются важнейшей составляющей первичных
эпифитных и лигофитных растительных сооб
ществ, но также представляют значительный
практический интерес как лекарственные и де
коративные растения. Приведены краткие опи
сания основных типов растительности мест при
родного обитания видов рода Eria, сведения о
распространении и экологии видов рода Eria во
Вьетнаме, об основных направлениях морфоло
гической эволюции, адаптации и специализации
этого рода. Представлены результаты географи
ческого и флорогенетического анализа видов ро
да Eria во Вьетнаме. Дана оценка статуса видов
рода Eria как растений, нуждающихся в охране (в
соответствии с классификацией IUCN).
- aS.V 1605-6574. Інтродукція рослин, 2002, N° 1 31
|
| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1197 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:50:00Z |
| publishDate | 2002 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/52/d9bf428b84c255248b5c6238736cab52.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-11972020-01-10T18:43:31Z The genus Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) in Vietnam Рід Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) у В’єтнамі Long, V.N. The paper deals with the results of long-term investigation of genus Eria in Vietnam – one of the largest orchid genera in flora of Vietnam and in family Orchidaceae as a whole. Many representatives of the genus Eria are not only an important component of primary epiphytic and lithophytic plant communities, but also play an important role in national medicine and may successfully been cultivated as ornamental plants. The brief descriptions of main types of vegetation natural habitats of genus Eria, data about distribution and ecology of genus Eria, about the main lines of morphological evolution, adaptation and specialization of genus Eria are given. The results of geographic and florogenetic analyses of Eria species in Vietnam are given. The conservation status of species of the genus Eria in Vietnam was determined (according to classification IUCN). У статті викладено результати багаторічного всебічного дослідження роду Eria Lindl. у В’єтнамі – одного з найбільших родів орхідей флори В’єтнаму і родини Orchidaceae в цілому. Багато представників роду Eria є не лише важливою складовою первинних епіфітних та літофітних рослинних угруповань, а й становлять значний практичний інтерес як лікарські і декоративні рослини. Наведено стислі описи основних типів рослинності місць природного зростання роду Еrіа, відомості щодо поширення та екології видів роду Еrіа у В’єтнамі, головні напрями морфологічної еволюції, адаптації та спеціалізації цього роду. Представлені результати географічного і флорогенетичного аналізу видів роду Еrіа у В’єтнамі. Дано оцінку статусу видів роду Eria як рослин, що потребують охорони (відповідно до класифікації IUCN). M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2002-03-01 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1197 10.5281/zenodo.3333745 Plant Introduction; Vol 13 (2002); 22-31 Інтродукція Рослин; Том 13 (2002); 22-31 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.5281/zenodo.3377873 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1197/1151 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Long, V.N. Рід Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) у В’єтнамі |
| title | Рід Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) у В’єтнамі |
| title_alt | The genus Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) in Vietnam |
| title_full | Рід Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) у В’єтнамі |
| title_fullStr | Рід Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) у В’єтнамі |
| title_full_unstemmed | Рід Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) у В’єтнамі |
| title_short | Рід Eria Lindl. (Orchidaceae Juss.) у В’єтнамі |
| title_sort | рід eria lindl. (orchidaceae juss.) у в’єтнамі |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1197 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT longvn thegenuserialindlorchidaceaejussinvietnam AT longvn ríderialindlorchidaceaejussuvêtnamí AT longvn genuserialindlorchidaceaejussinvietnam |