Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) на Мармароському масиві в Українських Карпатах
Salix herbacea is a relict plant species related to the circumpolar arctic-alpine element of the Holarctic group. The aim of the study was to clarify the data on the distribution of S. herbacea within the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians since this species is reported by di...
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| author | Hleb, R. Loya, V. Cherepanyn, R. |
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| description | Salix herbacea is a relict plant species related to the circumpolar arctic-alpine element of the Holarctic group. The aim of the study was to clarify the data on the distribution of S. herbacea within the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians since this species is reported by different authors for the massif without specific geographical and habitats descriptions. Field studies were conducted in the Maramures massif on the slopes of Pip Ivan Marmarosky (1936 m a.s.l.) and Rapa (1872 m a.s.l.) mountains in 2017–2019. The S. herbacea distribution chorology was analyzed based on the inventory of UU, KW, KWHA, LW, Herbarium of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, and Herbarium of the Biology and Ecology Department of the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University collections. We have found S. herbacea confined to cliffs on a rocky tourist path between the peaks of Pip Ivan Marmarosky and Rapa mountains in the Rakhiv district of the Transcarpathian region (Zakarpattia oblast). Recently, these rocky formations were occupied by tall grasses such as Calamagrostis villosa, Poa pratensis and Festuca picturata. Meanwhile, the occurrence of Holarctic and Alpine-Carpathian species Vaccinium uliginosum, Potentilla aurea, Pulsatilla alba, Thamnolia vermicularis and Cetraria islandica substantially decreased. These changes were probably caused by a decrease in livestock grazing intensity during the past years in this area, as well as more favorable climate conditions for tall grass species. The exact location and phytocoenological conditions of the site, which is endangered and requires additional conservation measures, were outlined. The necessity of these measures to preserve the habitat of S. herbacea on the Maramures massif was stressed out. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2020010 |
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Plant Introduction, 85/86, 130–136 (2020)
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) in the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian
Carpathians
Introduction
The genus Salix L. comprises about 450 species
in the world flora (Argus et al., 2010), with 24
species represented in the flora of Ukraine
(Gorelov, 2002; Fuchylo & Sbytna, 2009).
There are 18 Salix species distributed in the
Ukrainian Carpathians and Transcarpathia,
including 15 species distributed on the
territory of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve.
Six Salix species are listed in the Red Book
of Ukraine: S. alpina Scop., S. lapponum L.,
S. myrtilloides L., S. starkeana Willd.,
S. herbacea L., and S. retusa L. (Didukh, 2009).
Salix herbacea is a relict species related
to the circumpolar arctic-alpine element
of the Holarctic group (Meusel et al., 1965;
Malynovskyi, 1980; Didukh, 2009). It is
common in the Arctic as well in North
America, whereas in Central and Southern
Europe, it becomes progressively less
frequent (Tralau, 1963; Jalas & Suominen,
1976; Elven & Karlsson, 2000). It is a perennial
shrub, chamaephyte, 10–30 cm tall, with
R. Hleb 1, 2 *, V. Loya 2, R. Cherepanyn 3
1 Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, Krasne Pleso str. 77, 90600 Rakhiv, Ukraine; * gleb.ruslan@gmail.com
2 M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Timiryazevska str. 1, 01014 Kyiv, Ukraine
3 Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Shevchenko str. 57, 76018 Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Received: 19.02.2020 | Accepted: 09.05.2020 | Published: 30.06.2020
Abstract
Salix herbacea is a relict plant species related to the circumpolar arctic-alpine element of the Holarctic
group. The aim of the study was to clarify the data on the distribution of S. herbacea within the Maramures
massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians since this species is reported by different authors for the massif
without specific geographical and habitats descriptions. Field studies were conducted in the Maramures
massif on the slopes of Pip Ivan Marmarosky (1936 m a.s.l.) and Rapa (1872 m a.s.l.) mountains in 2017–
2019. The S. herbacea distribution chorology was analyzed based on the inventory of UU, KW, KWHA, LW,
Herbarium of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, and Herbarium of the Biology and Ecology Department
of the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University collections. We have found S. herbacea confined
to cliffs on a rocky tourist path between the peaks of Pip Ivan Marmarosky and Rapa mountains in the
Rakhiv district of the Transcarpathian region (Zakarpattia oblast). Recently, these rocky formations were
occupied by tall grasses such as Calamagrostis villosa, Poa pratensis and Festuca picturata. Meanwhile, the
occurrence of Holarctic and Alpine-Carpathian species Vaccinium uliginosum, Potentilla aurea, Pulsatilla alba,
Thamnolia vermicularis and Cetraria islandica substantially decreased. These changes were probably caused
by a decrease in livestock grazing intensity during the past years in this area, as well as more favorable
climate conditions for tall grass species. The exact location and phytocoenological conditions of the site,
which is endangered and requires additional conservation measures, were outlined. The necessity of
these measures to preserve the habitat of S. herbacea on the Maramures massif was stressed out.
Keywords: Salix herbacea, Ukrainian Carpathians, Maramures, herbarium collections, distribution, protection
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2020010
UDC 582.623.2 (477.87)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5396-962X
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5450-9433
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2227-3697
Plant Introduction • 85/86 131
Salix herbacea in the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians
well developed underground stolons. In the
Ukrainian Carpathians S. herbacea, habitats
are limited to rocky outcrops and sites in the
alpine and subalpine vegetation belts. The
only few known populations of S. herbacea
occur in the summit areas of Chornohora,
Svydovets, and Maramures, where they cover
relatively small areas (Didukh, 2009; Prokopiv
& Volgin, 2009; Kobiv, 2010). Populations of
S. herbacea in the Ukrainian Carpathians are
endangered due to the growing anthropogenic
pressure and obviously could be under the
impact of climate change in the future (Kobiv,
2009). At present, detailed information about
localities, habitat preferences, and floristic
composition of communities with S. herbacea
in the Maramures Mts. is absent. Hence, this
investigation aimed to clarify it.
Material and methods
Field studies were conducted in the Maramures
massif on the slopes of the Pip Ivan Marmarosky
(1936 m a.s.l.) and Rapa (1872 m a.s.l.) mountains
in 2017–2019 (Fig. 1). This territory is a part of
the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. The location
of the habitat was determined using a GPS
navigator Garmin eTrex 30x with an accuracy
of up to 10 meters.
The names of the plant taxa are given
according to The Plant List (2013), the names
of the lichen taxa are given according to
MycoBank (2020).
Vegetation description was performed using
the Braun-Blanquet approach (Yaroshenko,
1961; Braun-Blanquet, 1964). Herbarium
collections were transferred to the herbarium
of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and the
herbarium of the M.M. Gryshko National
Botanical Garden, National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine (KWHA). The S. herbacea
distribution was analyzed based on the
inventory of vouchers preserved in the UU,
KW, KWHA, LW (see Index Herbariorum
(Thiers, 2020) for acronyms), Herbarium of the
Carpathian Biosphere Reserve and Herbarium
of the Biology and Ecology Department of
the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National
University.
Results
Different authors provided data on the present
occurrence of S. herbacea in the Maramures
massif (Dobrochaeva et al., 1987; Kricsfalusy,
1982, 1999; Didukh, 2009; Kobiv et al., 2017).
Malynovskyi (1980) reported S. herbacea from
the Polytrichetum sexangularis Br.-Bl. 1926
basing on Deyl (1940), who was the first to
describe this association for the Maramures
massif. However, neither Malynovskyi (1980)
nor Deyl (1940) provided details about the
presence of S. herbacea here. Moreover, the
dwarf willow is mentioned for Maramures in
the Flora of the USSR (Nazarov et al., 1952), but
also there without providing precise locations
and without the support of observed herbarium
vouchers.
Specimens of S. herbacea from the
Maramures massif were found only in
the National Herbarium of Ukraine at the
M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine,
Kyiv (KW): 1) Zakarpattia Region, Rakhivs’kyi
District, Pip Ivan Marmarosky mountain,
1890 m a.s.l., Hryn’ F., 07.07.1948; 2) 1900 m a.s.l.,
Bradis E., Zapjatova A., 21.07.1948; 3) 1960
m a.s.l., Bradis E., Zapjatova A.21.07.1948;
4) 1857 m a.s.l. (N 47° 55′ 15.6″, E 24° 19′ 48.7″)
Nachychko V.O., Kobiv Y.Y., Borsukevych L.M.,
28.07.2016.
All mentions of the occurrence of
S. herbacea in the Maramures massif
probably concerned the only population.
It is located between the peaks of Pip
Ivan Marmarosky and Rapa mountains of
Figure 1. The location of the discovered Salix herbacea
population (white circle) on the Maramures massif.
132 Plant Introduction • 85/86
R. Hleb, V. Loya, R. Cherepanyn
the Maramures massif (Rakhiv district of
Transcarpathian region, at the border of
Ukraine and Romania), which also we have
observed and investigated close to a rocky
tourist path (Fig. 1). The population covers
an area of about 200 m2 at an elevation
of about 1860 m a.s.l. The upper points
of the population are: 1 – N 47° 55′ 15.6″,
E 024° 19′ 49.4″ and 2 – N 47° 55′ 15.9″,
E 024° 19′ 48.4″, and the lower points are
3 – N 47° 55′ 16.89″, E 024° 19′ 49.76″ and
4 – N 47° 55′ 16.96″, E 024° 19′ 48.47″ (Figs. 2 & 3).
The shrub layer is represented
predominantly by the following species:
Vaccinium myrtillus L., V. uliginosum L.,
Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott & Kotschy,
and S. herbacea (Table 1). Vascular plants cover
from 40 to 90 % of the surface. The rest of the
surface is occupied by lichens and mosses
(i.e., Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Ach. ex
Schaer., Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., Cladonia
rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg., Dicranum
scoparium Hedw. Polytrichastrum alpinum
(Hedw.) G.L. Sm. Polytrichum commune
Hedw., and P. strictum Menzies ex Brid.), by
bare soil and by soil eroded by the passage of
tourists, and by the rocky limestone outcrops
of. S. herbacea covers approximately 7–20 %
of the habitat area. The prevailing species
are: Soldanella hungarica Simonk., Vaccinium
myrtillus, Rhododendron myrtifolium,
Ligusticum mutellina (L.) Crantz, Carex
sempervirens Vill., and Juncus trifidus L. The
base of the rocky outcrops is colonized by
tall-grasses such as Calamagrostis villosa
(Chaix) J.F. Gmel., Poa pratensis L., Festuca
picturata Pils. Moreover, the occurrence
of the holarctic and Alpine-Carpathian
species Vaccinium uliginosum L., Potentilla
aurea L., Pulsatilla alba Reichenb., Thamnolia
vermicularis, and Cetraria islandica was
particularly relevant (Fig. 3). The occurrence
of tall grasses and forbs resulted from the
decrease of livestock grazing intensity in this
area in the past years.
Conclusions
As a result of an inventory of certain
herbarium collections, it was found that
vouchers of S. herbacea hosted at the KW are
the only known from the Maramures massif,
and all of them referenced to the Pip Ivan
Figure 2. The site where Salix herbacea was sampled
on the Maramures massif.
Marmarosky. However, all these reports of
S. herbacea most probably concerned the
only population between the peaks of Pip
Ivan Marmarosky and Rapa mountains of the
Maramures massif.
The area of the identified habitat of
S. herbacea on the rocky tourist path between
the peaks of Pip Ivan Marmarosky and Rapa
mountains in the Maramures massif is about
200 m². The cover of the species in the
habitat ranges from 7 to 20 %.
Recently, the site was partially occupied
by tall grasses such as Calamagrostis villosa,
Calamagrostis arundinacea, Poa pratensis,
Festuca picturata, and the occurrence of
Holarctic and Alpine-Carpathian species
substantially decreased. It is probably caused
by a decrease in livestock grazing in the area
and more favorable climate conditions for
tall grass species.
Taking into account observed
transformations, it is necessary to develop
and implement urgent conservation measures
to save the population of S. herbacea on the
Maramures massif.
Plant Introduction • 85/86 133
Salix herbacea in the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Figure 3. Salix herbacea on the Maramures massif: А – general habitat view, В – the lower overgrown part,
С – the upper part.
A
B C
134 Plant Introduction • 85/86
R. Hleb, V. Loya, R. Cherepanyn
Date 27.07.2017; 22.07.2019 Homogyne alpina (L.) Cass. 1
Area, m2 200 Hypericum richeri Vill. 2
Elevation (m a.s.l.) 1853–1853 Luzula alpinopilosa (Chaix) Breistr. 2
Aspect NE Poa pratensis L. 2
Inclination (º) 10–65 Campanula alpina Jacq. +
Cover of shrub layer (%) 30 Solidago virgaurea L. subsp. minuta (L.) Arcang. 1
Rhododendron myrtifolium Schott & Kotschy 2 Veratrum lobelianum Bernh. 1
Salix herbacea L. 2 Veronica fruticans Jacq. +
Vaccinium myrtillus L. 1 Deschampsia cespitosa (L.) P. Beauv. 1
Vaccinium uliginosum L. 1 Potentilla aurea L. 1
Cover of herb layer (%) 60 Hieracium alpinum L. 1
Agrostis sp. 2 Carex sempervirens Vill. 1
Calamagrostis arundinacea (L.) Roth 2 Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & Mart. +
Calamagrostis villosa (Chaix) J.F. Gmel. 2 Campanula polymorpha Witasek 1
Ligusticum mutellina (L.) Crantz 2 Pulsatilla alba Reichenb. +
Soldanella hungarica Simonk. 2 Picea abies (L.) H. Karst. ( juv.) +
Nardus stricta L. 2 Cover of moss-lichen layer (%) 10
Festuca airoides Lam. 1 Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. 1
Juncus trifidus L. 2 Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F.H. Wigg. +
Primula minima L. 1 Dicranum scoparium Hedw. +
Veronica baumgartenii Roem. & Schult. 2 Polytrichastrum alpinum (Hedw.) G.L. Sm. +
Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 2 Polytrichum commune Hedw. 1
Festuca picturata Pils 2 Polytrichum strictum Menzies ex Brid. +
Gentiana punctata L. 1 Thamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Ach. ex Schaer. 1
References
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Plant Introduction • 85/86 135
Salix herbacea in the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians
Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) на Мармароському масиві в Українських Карпатах
Р. Глеб 1, 2 *, В. Лоя 2, Р. Черепанин 3
1 Карпатський біосферний заповідник, вул. Красне Плесо, 77, Рахів, 90600, Україна;
* gleb.ruslan@gmail.com
2 Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Тімірязєвська, 1, Київ, 01014,
Україна
3 Прикарпатський національний університет імені Василя Стефаника, вул. Шевченка, 57, Івано-
Франківськ, 76018, Україна
Salix herbacea – це аркто-альпійський реліктовий вид з циркумполярним ареалом в межах
голарктичної групи. Метою дослідження було уточнення даних щодо поширення S. herbacea в
межах Мармароського масиву Українських Карпат, оскільки цей вид був зазначений для масиву
без географічних деталей та опису середовища існування. Польові дослідження проводилися на
Мармароському масиві на схилах гори Піп Іван (1936 м н.р.м.) та гори Рапа (1872 м н.р.м.) у 2017–2019
роках. Хорологія S. herbacea була проаналізована на основі даних інвентаризації гербарних колекцій
UU, KW, KWHA, LW, Карпатського біосферного заповідника, а також кафедри біології та екології
Прикарпатського національного університету імені Василя Стефаника. Описано оселище виду на
туристичній стежці між вершинами гір Піп Іван Мармароський та Рапа Мармароського масиву в
Рахівському районі Закарпатської області. Ця популяція приурочена до скель між вищезазначеними
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136 Plant Introduction • 85/86
R. Hleb, V. Loya, R. Cherepanyn
вершинами. Спостерігається заростання цих скельних угруповань високотравними видами
Calamagrostis villosa, Poa pratensis та Festuca picturata. Відмічено витіснення голарктичних та альпійсько-
карпатських видів (Vaccinium uliginosum, Potentilla aurea, Pulsatilla alba, Thamnolia vermicularis та Cetraria
islandica) високотравними видами. Ймовірно, ці процеси зумовлені зменшенням інтенсивності
випасу худоби протягом останніх років у цій місцевості та сприятливішими для високотравних
видів кліматичними умовами. Окреслено точне розташування та ценотичні умови оселища, що
знаходиться під загрозою та потребує збереження. Наголошено на необхідності розробки та
впровадження природоохоронних заходів для охорони оселища S. herbacea на Мармароському
масиві.
Ключові слова: Salix herbacea, Українські Карпати, Мармароський масив, гербарні колекції, поширення, охорона
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| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1553 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:53:38Z |
| publishDate | 2020 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/2e/5b672da87918511cce618d08aa4c172e.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-15532023-08-26T20:39:45Z Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) in the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) на Мармароському масиві в Українських Карпатах Hleb, R. Loya, V. Cherepanyn, R. Salix herbacea is a relict plant species related to the circumpolar arctic-alpine element of the Holarctic group. The aim of the study was to clarify the data on the distribution of S. herbacea within the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians since this species is reported by different authors for the massif without specific geographical and habitats descriptions. Field studies were conducted in the Maramures massif on the slopes of Pip Ivan Marmarosky (1936 m a.s.l.) and Rapa (1872 m a.s.l.) mountains in 2017–2019. The S. herbacea distribution chorology was analyzed based on the inventory of UU, KW, KWHA, LW, Herbarium of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, and Herbarium of the Biology and Ecology Department of the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University collections. We have found S. herbacea confined to cliffs on a rocky tourist path between the peaks of Pip Ivan Marmarosky and Rapa mountains in the Rakhiv district of the Transcarpathian region (Zakarpattia oblast). Recently, these rocky formations were occupied by tall grasses such as Calamagrostis villosa, Poa pratensis and Festuca picturata. Meanwhile, the occurrence of Holarctic and Alpine-Carpathian species Vaccinium uliginosum, Potentilla aurea, Pulsatilla alba, Thamnolia vermicularis and Cetraria islandica substantially decreased. These changes were probably caused by a decrease in livestock grazing intensity during the past years in this area, as well as more favorable climate conditions for tall grass species. The exact location and phytocoenological conditions of the site, which is endangered and requires additional conservation measures, were outlined. The necessity of these measures to preserve the habitat of S. herbacea on the Maramures massif was stressed out. Salix herbacea – це аркто-альпійський реліктовий вид з циркумполярним ареалом в межах голарктичної групи. Метою дослідження було уточнення даних щодо поширення S. herbacea в межах Мармароського масиву Українських Карпат, оскільки цей вид був зазначений для масиву без географічних деталей та опису середовища існування. Польові дослідження проводилися на Мармароському масиві на схилах гори Піп Іван (1936 м н.р.м.) та гори Рапа (1872 м н.р.м.) у 2017–2019 роках. Хорологія S. herbacea була проаналізована на основі даних інвентаризації гербарних колекцій UU, KW, KWHA, LW, Карпатського біосферного заповідника, а також кафедри біології та екології Прикарпатського національного університету імені Василя Стефаника. Описано оселище виду на туристичній стежці між вершинами гір Піп Іван Мармароський та Рапа Мармароського масиву в Рахівському районі Закарпатської області. Ця популяція приурочена до скель між вищезазначеними вершинами. Спостерігається заростання цих скельних угруповань високотравними видами Calamagrostis villosa, Poa pratensis та Festuca picturata. Відмічено витіснення голарктичних та альпійсько-карпатських видів (Vaccinium uliginosum, Potentilla aurea, Pulsatilla alba, Thamnolia vermicularis та Cetraria islandica) високотравними видами. Ймовірно, ці процеси зумовлені зменшенням інтенсивності випасу худоби протягом останніх років у цій місцевості та сприятливішими для високотравних видів кліматичними умовами. Окреслено точне розташування та ценотичні умови оселища, що знаходиться під загрозою та потребує збереження. Наголошено на необхідності розробки та впровадження природоохоронних заходів для охорони оселища S. herbacea на Мармароському масиві. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2020-06-30 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1553 10.46341/PI2020010 Plant Introduction; No 85/86 (2020); 130-136 Інтродукція Рослин; № 85/86 (2020); 130-136 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI85-86 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1553/1493 Copyright (c) 2020 R. Hleb, V. Loya, R. Cherepanyn http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Hleb, R. Loya, V. Cherepanyn, R. Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) на Мармароському масиві в Українських Карпатах |
| title | Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) на Мармароському масиві в Українських Карпатах |
| title_alt | Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) in the Maramures massif of the Ukrainian Carpathians |
| title_full | Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) на Мармароському масиві в Українських Карпатах |
| title_fullStr | Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) на Мармароському масиві в Українських Карпатах |
| title_full_unstemmed | Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) на Мармароському масиві в Українських Карпатах |
| title_short | Salix herbacea L. (Salicaceae) на Мармароському масиві в Українських Карпатах |
| title_sort | salix herbacea l. (salicaceae) на мармароському масиві в українських карпатах |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1553 |
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