Проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “Сирінгарій” Державного дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України
The paper presents the results of research of archival materials on the introduction of taxa of the genus Syringa in the “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine (Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine). Conventionally, two main stages of lilac intr...
Saved in:
| Date: | 2024 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2024
|
| Online Access: | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1647 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Journal Title: | Plant Introduction |
| Download file: |  |
Institution
Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145158164578304 |
|---|---|
| author | Doiko, Nataliia Kryvdiuk, Larisa Dragan, Nina Sylenko, Oleksandr |
| author_facet | Doiko, Nataliia Kryvdiuk, Larisa Dragan, Nina Sylenko, Oleksandr |
| author_sort | Doiko, Nataliia |
| baseUrl_str | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2025-02-12T12:22:44Z |
| description | The paper presents the results of research of archival materials on the introduction of taxa of the genus Syringa in the “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine (Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine). Conventionally, two main stages of lilac introduction in the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine were distinguished: the first stage – from the end of the 18th century until 1918 and the second stage – from 1946 until the present time.The laying of the monogarden “Syringarium” is considered to have appeared between 1948 and 1950. In 2021, the collection of “Syringarium” comprised two species, one artificial hybrid, and 37 cultivars and was represented by three age groups (i.e., I age group – 76 specimens of 19 cultivars; II age group – 90 specimens of 24 cultivars; III age group – 54 specimens of 15 cultivars).Considering over 70 years of lilac cultivation on one plot, it went through many difficulties, which resulted in changes in its diversity and a decrease in the quantitative composition of the collection. In particular, allelopathic soil fatigue caused significant weakening of plants and reduced their resistance to disease and pest damage. Therefore, there was a need to optimize the site of the “Syringarium” (i.e., partially replace the soil; re-root the plants on their own roots to extend their life; restore the varietal diversity by introducing the new cultivars, including those of Ukrainian selection, etc.). According to the project developed by the scientists of the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine on optimization of the mono-garden “Syringarium”, it is planned to plant 91 specimens of 47 lilac. For the eco-educational purpose, it is also planned to create an area representing original lilacs species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2024007 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:54:24Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
Plant Introduction, 103/104, 3–13 (2024)
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Project of optimization of the collection and exposition area
“Syringarium” the “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the NAS of
Ukraine
Nataliia Doiko 1, *, Larisa Kryvdiuk 1, Nina Dragan 1, Oleksandr Sylenko 2, 1
1 The “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 09113 Bila Tserkva, Kyiv region, Ukraine;
* alexandriapark@ukr.net
2 Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician Lebedev str. 37, 03143 Kyiv, Ukraine
Received: 26.08.2024 | Accepted: 06.10.2024 | Published online: 01.12.2024
Abstract
The paper presents the results of research of archival materials on the introduction of taxa of the genus
Syringa in the “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine
(Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine). Conventionally, two main stages of lilac introduction in
the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine were distinguished: the first stage – from the end of
the 18th century until 1918 and the second stage – from 1946 until the present time.
The laying of the monogarden “Syringarium” is considered to have appeared between 1948 and 1950.
In 2021, the collection of “Syringarium” comprised two species, one artificial hybrid, and 37 cultivars and
was represented by three age groups (i.e., I age group – 76 specimens of 19 cultivars; II age group – 90
specimens of 24 cultivars; III age group – 54 specimens of 15 cultivars).
Considering over 70 years of lilac cultivation on one plot, it went through many difficulties, which resulted
in changes in its diversity and a decrease in the quantitative composition of the collection. In particular,
allelopathic soil fatigue caused significant weakening of plants and reduced their resistance to disease
and pest damage. Therefore, there was a need to optimize the site of the “Syringarium” (i.e., partially
replace the soil; re-root the plants on their own roots to extend their life; restore the varietal diversity
by introducing the new cultivars, including those of Ukrainian selection, etc.). According to the project
developed by the scientists of the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine on optimization of
the mono-garden “Syringarium”, it is planned to plant 91 specimens of 47 lilac. For the eco-educational
purpose, it is also planned to create an area representing original lilacs species.
Keywords: Syringa, Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine, monogarden, introduction history, cultivation problems,
optimization
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2024007
UDC 504.54.062.4, 582.931.4 (477.41)
Authors’ contributions: N. Doiko – conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, investigation, methodology, project
administration, supervision, validation, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. L. Kryvdiuk – data curation, investigation,
methodology, supervision, validation, visualization, writing – original draft, writing – review & editing. N. Dragan – investigation,
methodology, writing – review & editing. O. Sylenko – methodology, visualization, writing – review & editing.
Funding: The work was carried out within the framework of the departmental theme of applied research “Enrichment of the taxonomic
composition and optimization of the landscape structure of the collection and exhibition site “Syringarium” in the Dendrological Park
“Olexandria” of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine” (2022–2024) financed under the budget program 6541030 (applied
research).
Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6915-3054
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-5022
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9371-1044
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4952-7201
4 Plant Introduction • 103/104
Doiko et al.
Introduction
In general, the genus Syringa L. comprises
12 native species (POWO, 2024). From this
number, only S. josikaea J.Jacq. ex Rchb. enters
Ukraine and natively occurs in the Ukrainian
Carpathians (Rubtsov et al., 1980; Gorb, 1989;
Didukh, 2009). Lilac has been cultivated in
Europe for over 400 years (Mark & DeBard,
2021). Its propagation in nurseries began in
the second half of the 18th century; today,
over 2000 cultivars are known. The first lilac
species introduced to Ukraine were S. vulgaris
L. (introduced in the 17th century) and S.
chinensis Willd. (introduced in 1809) (Kokhno
& Kurdyuk, 1994).
Among the objects of landscape
architecture, a special place is occupied
by monocultural gardens, where so-called
‘syringaria’ are distinguished by their
extreme ornamentality. The prototype of lilac
monoculture in Ukraine can be considered the
largest in Europe artificial area covering ca. 2
ha in the vicinity of Dikanka, Poltava region
(Rubtsov et al., 1980).
Until the 20th century, the noble estates
served as centers of plant introduction in
Ukraine. They became valuable objects for
studying cultural and historical heritage
and understanding the traditions of garden
and park art of that time. Unfortunately, in
the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of
Ukraine, like in many other noble estates, the
lists of plants that initially grew in the park at
the stages of its development have not been
preserved. We find only scattered information
in the memoirs of contemporaries of that
era, personal correspondence, drawings,
lithographs, and photographic documents. The
first mention of lilacs in the garden of Branicki
(now the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS
of Ukraine) dates back to the early 19th century
in the correspondence of Auguste Pelletier
de Lagarde (La Garde-Chambonas, 1824). We
found mention of lilacs for the Dendrological
Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine at the end
of the 19th century in the works of Sulimierski
et al. (1880) and Aftanazy (1993).
It is unknown which exactly lilacs grew in
the park at that time. However, there is a list
of trees and shrubs that were acclimatized
in one of the estates of Count Branicki near
Tarashcha in the Kyiv region (Nebesky,
1899). This list includes Syringa emodi Wall.
ex Royle, S. josikaea, S. persica L., S. persica
‘Alba’, S. × rothomagensis (Renault) A.Rich.,
S. × rothomagensis ‘Alba’, S. × rothomagensis
‘Rubra’, S. vulgaris L., S. vulgaris ‘Alba’,
S. vulgaris ‘Charles X’, S. vulgaris ‘Croix de
Brahy’, S. vulgaris ‘fl.pl.’, S. vulgaris ‘Géant
des Batailles’, S. vulgaris ‘Marlyensis’, and
S. vulgaris ‘Rubra’. Hence, we can assume that
there was not a lesser collection of lilacs in
the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of
Ukraine, which served as the central estate
of the Branicki family. At the beginning of
the twentieth century (1918–1922), the park
collection suffered a series of adverse events,
and many plants were destroyed. As a result,
Manin (1927) mentions only one survived
lilac species for the Dendrological Park
“Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine.
Since the second half of the 20th century,
old parks, many of which became part of the
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, have
become centers for preserving unique age-old
plants. New scientific collections, including
monocultural gardens, were created on their
territories. Such monocultural gardens were
designed according to the principle of generic
complexes developed by Rusanov (1971) and
included ‘rosaria’, ‘coniferetaria’, ‘syringaria’,
and other collections gathered representatives
of the particular genus. Such plantings were
created at the Dendrological Park “Olexandria”
NAS of Ukraine as well.
The information about the species
composition in the Dendrological Park
“Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine for 1927 provided
by Manin (1927) is probably incomplete
since he mentioned only the most common
species. Later, Deriy (1958) listed seven
Syringa species for the park and indicated
their age: S. chinensis Willd. – 60 years old,
S. vulgaris – 60 years old, S. amurensis Rupr.
– 50 years old, S. reflexa Schneid. – 7 years
old, S. robusta Nakai – 7 years old, S. josikaea
– 6 years old, and S. villosa Vahl. – 6 years
old. He also listed eight S. vulgaris cultivars,
including ‘Andenken an Ludwig Spaeth’ – 12
years old, ‘Congo’ – 12 years old, ‘Charles Joly’
– 12 years old, ‘Charles X’ (S. rubra ‘Major’) –
12 years old, ‘Mad. Casimir Perier’ – 12 years
old, ‘Mrs. Edwig Harding’ – 12 years old,
‘Perle von Teltow’ – 12 years old, ‘President
Grevy’ – 12 years old. It is also Deriy (1958),
who considered 1948–1950 as the most
probable date of establishment of the modern
Plant Introduction • 103/104 5
Optimization project of the exposition area “Syringarium” in the arboretum “Оlexandria”
lilac collection in the Dendrological Park
“Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine.
According to Rubtsov et al. (1980), the
collection of lilacs in the Dendrological
Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine until
1980 changed only considering its varietal
composition. It was replenished with new
cultivars of S. vulgaris: ‘Belle de Nancy’, ‘Hugo
de Vries’, ‘Capitaine Baltet’, ‘Lemoine’, ‘Leon
Gambetta’, ‘Maximowicz’, ‘Marechal Foch’,
‘Princesse Clementine’. Hence, in total, it
included seven species and 18 cultivars, which
is proved by results of 1979–1983 inventory. At
that time, the lilac cultivars were present in
the ‘Fruticetum’ plot, while the species were
present in the general park compositions. In
1985, a monogarden “Syringarium” was created
on an area of 0.46 ha and included two species
and 29 cultivars of S. vulgaris.
Purpose of the current research was: to
explore the history of introduction of species
and cultivars of the genus Syringa in the
“Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the
National Academy of Science of Ukraine; to
analyze changes in its taxonomic composition
for almost 70 years; to study age and spatial
structure of plantations of the collection plot
“Syringarium”; and to clarify the phytosanitary
condition and to develop ways to optimize the
plot.
Material and methods
When carrying out the work, we used the
method of complex analysis (historical-
analytical), field surveys (photo capturing,
measurements, sketches), and principal
statistics. The names of lilac varieties and
color range are provided according to the
“International Register and checklist of
names of varieties of the genus Syringa L.”
(International Lilac Society, 2024). Diseases
were determined following Prutenskaya (1982),
and plant pests – following Sinadsky (1982) and
Stark (1932).
Results and discussion
The collection of lilacs in the “Syringarium”
plot of the Dendrological Park “Olexandria”
NAS of Ukraine has constantly been increasing
by attracting material from state botanical
institutions and private collections of Ukraine,
and as of 2021, it comprised two species, one
artificial hybrid, and 37 varieties. Because
of the gradual increase of the monogarden
collection, three age groups of lilacs became
clearly defined: І – plantings of 1950–1980, ІІ –
plantings of 1985, ІІІ – plantings of 2003–2005.
However, due to the long-term (over 70
years) cultivation of lilacs on the same plot,
several problems arose, including the ones
listed below.
Allelopathic soil fatigue. Soil oversaturation
by lilac roots leads to soil fatigue and soil
nutrition deficiency (Gorb, 2012, 2022). It
resulted in the suppression of plant immunity
expressed in the progressive deterioration of
garden plants: desiccation and shortening of
shoots, the appearance of lichens on the bark
even on young plants, decreased drought and
frost resistance, decreased disease resistance
and even plant mortality (Gorobets et al., 2002;
Pavliuchenko, 2003; Ellanskaya et al., 2011;
Dovgaluk et al., 2016).
Phytosanitary condition. In natural
conditions, lilacs are considered
unpretentious and quite resistant to diseases.
However, due to long cultivation in the same
place with constant increased recreational
load, the plants demonstrated decreased
immunity and suffered from many diseases
(Mmbaga et al., 2005). Our studies confirmed
that lilacs in the plot “Syringarium” of the
Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of
Ukraine are affected by many fungal, viral,
and bacterial diseases, as well as pests. Among
fungal diseases, powdery mildew (caused by
Erysiphe syringae (Schwein.) H.Magn.), which
many researchers consider a dangerous
disease (Hibben et al., 1977; Daughtrey et al.,
2007), appeared to the greatest extent. The
first signs of the disease appeared by the
mid-summer, and later, the leaves shriveled
and fell prematurely, depriving the plant of
nutrition, which led to insufficient shoot
maturation, poor overwintering and reduced
the plant’s resistance to other diseases.
Most cultivars were significantly affected
by blotch blight caused by various fungi. The
most common was brown spot (Phyllosticta
syringae Westendorp) and phytophthora
(Phytophthora syringae (Kleb.) Kleb. and
P. cactorum (Lebert & Cohn) J.Schrot), which
caused significant damage to lilacs in the plot.
The disease started with the appearance of
6 Plant Introduction • 103/104
Doiko et al.
watery spots on leaves, which rapidly enlarged
and darkened, while white fungus formed on
the underside of the leaves. The leaves fell off
rapidly. Inflorescences often turned brown
and failed to develop, and necrosis spread on
young shoots. Necrotic spots appeared on
older shoots, and some shoots died. These are
well-known symptoms of lilac phytophthorosis
(Shishkoff, 2007).
Among the pests, the most dangerous for
lilacs are Gracillaria syringella (Fabricius,
1794), Lepidosaphes ulmi (Linnaeus, 1758),
Eriophyes saalasi (Lipo, 1940), Tropinota hirta
(Poda, 1761), Archips sp. and other found on the
site. However, the number of these pests was
relatively small during the observation, and
they did not cause any significant damage to
plants.
Plant dieback. Because of the reasons
mentioned above and neglected planting on
the plot, intensive plant decline is observed.
In 2012, 307 lilacs were growing on the
plot, but by 2017, the number of plants had
decreased by 24.8 % (76 specimens died).
Among the lost plants, 13.2 % (ten
specimens) represented the III age group
(planted in 2003–2005) and 86.8 % (66
specimens) – the II age group (planted in
1985). Losses among the oldest plantings, the
I age group (planted in 1950–1980), were not
observed. The peculiarity of plant grafting
can explain this situation. The plants of the I
and III age groups were grafted near the root
neck, and the grafting site is deepened into
the ground. Therefore, the plants have an
opportunity to regenerate the bush (Fig. 1).
Taking into account that lilacs in case of
deepening of the grafting site can eventually
form their own roots (Gorb, 1989), we can
assume that the plants of the I age group are
already rootstocked, although the stalks that
correspond to the variety were observed only
in two cases. At the same time, if the grafting
was done on the stem – there could be a late
incompatibility. The difference in the growth
intensity of the rootstock and the scion leads
to the thickness formation at the grafting
site, where the plant then breaks. Due to this
reason, 15.2 % of the plants were lost (Fig. 2).
The death of the central root of the rootstock
also lead to the death of the stem and the
whole plant in some cases.
BA
Figure 1. The restoration of the lilac bush by
deepening the grafting site.
Figure 2. The stem thickness formation at the
grafting site.
Plant Introduction • 103/104 7
Optimization project of the exposition area “Syringarium” in the arboretum “Оlexandria”
Nr Species and/or cultivar Number of plants by age groups Lilac color
group
Flower
formation
Flowering
timeI II III
S. × chinensis Willd.
1 ‘Duplex’ - 4 - M D mb
S. × hyacinthiflora Rehder
2 ‘Buffon’ - - 4 P S eb
3 ‘Necker’ - - 2 P S eb
S. vulgaris L
4 ‘Andenken an Ludwig Spaeth’ - - 4 M S lb
5 ‘Belle de Nancy’ 7 1 2 V D mb
6 ‘Bogdan Khmelnickiy’ - 5 3 Pr D mb
7 ‘Capitaine Baltet’ - 2 - M S mb
8 ‘Charles Joly’ 4 6 5 M D mb
9 ‘Charles X’ - 3 - M S mb
10 ‘Condorcet’ 1 2 - V D mb
11 ‘Congo’ 1 - - M S mb
12 ‘Emile Lemoine’ - 1 - V D eb
13 ‘Frau Katherine Havemeyer’ 4 2 4 P D mb
14 ‘Herman Eilers’ 1 - - V S lb
15 ‘Hugo de Vries’ 14 - - M S lb
16 ‘Hugo Koster’ 16 - - V S mb
17 ‘Krasavitza moskvy’ - 4 - W D mb
18 ‘Lemoinei’ 4 - - V D mb
19 ‘Leon Gambetta’ 3 16 - V D eb
20 ‘Marechal Foch’ - 3 - M S mb
21 ‘Maximowicz’ 2 2 - V D mb
22 ‘Michel Вüchner’ 2 - - V D lb
23 ‘M-me Antuan Buchner’ 1 1 3 Pr D mb
24 ‘M-me Casimir Perier’ 2 2 4 W D mb
25 ‘M-me Lemoinei’ 3 5 2 W D lb
26 ‘Mont Blanc’ 1 4 - W S mb
27 ‘Mrs Edwig Harding’ 4 9 3 M D mb
28 ‘Night’ - 1 - Pr S lb
29 ‘Ogni Donbassa’ - 1 - V D mb
30 ‘Perle von Teltow’ 6 - - M S mb
31 ‘President Grevy’ - 2 - B D eb
32 ‘Primrose’ - - 1 Y S lb
33 ‘Princesse Clementine’ 1 2 - W D mb
34 ‘Reaumur’ - - 4 Pr S mb
35 ‘Sinai dunken lila’ - 6 - M S lb
36 ‘Taras Bulba’ - 6 2 Pr S lb
37 ‘Vestale’ - - 3 W S lb
220 76 90 54
Table 1. Characteristics of the lilac collection at “Syringarium” in 2021.
Note. Age groups: I – 1950–1980; II – 1985; III – 2003–2005. Lilac color group: W – white; P – pink; Y – yellow;
B – blue; V – violet; Pr – purple; M – magenta. Flower formation: S – single flower; D – double flower.
Flowering time: eb – early blooming; mb – medium blooming; lb – late blooming.
8 Plant Introduction • 103/104
Doiko et al.
Losses among plants of the III age group,
as well as suppressed growth and exhausted
appearance of plants of the specified age, in
our opinion, are explained by soil fatigue.
During the next exploration period (2017–
2021), 11 more specimens of the III age group
fell out. However, there were no losses in the I
and II age groups.
Thus, by 2021, the number of plants in the
collection plot decreased, resulting in a color
imbalance, planting gaps, shifted flowering
dates, etc. The state of the collection at the
beginning of the monogarden optimization is
presented in Table 1.
According to the 11-grade scale of the
“International register & checklist of cultivar
names for the genus Syringa L.” (International
Lilac Society, 2024), the seven color groups
represent the collection in the following ratio:
white – 16.2 %, pink – 8.1 %, yellow – 2.7 %, bluе
– 2.7 %, violet – 2.7 %, purple – 13.5 %, magenta
– 29.7 %
Considering the flower structure, the
cultivars with double flowers prevail and
contribute 51.4 %, while the cultivars with
single flowers represent 48.6 %.
The collection includes cultivars with
different flowering dates: early flowering
(13.5 %), medium flowering (59.5 %), and late
flowering (27.0 %). Hence, the group of medium
flowering lilacs is the most numerous.
Taking into account the modern demands
of visitors, as well as fulfilling the objectives
of international codes on biodiversity
conservation, the staff of the Dendrological
Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine developed
a project to optimize the monogarden
“Syringarium”. The objectives of this project
are: to improve the growing conditions of
plants by partial replacement of the soil;
to restore the number of fallen plants; to
replenish the collection with new species
and cultivars, including those of domestic
selection; as well as, taking into account
the growing interest in this group of plants,
to create a plot representing original lilacs
species.
The project involves the planting of 93
specimens representing 47 lilac cultivars
(Fig. 3; Table 2). From this number, 77
specimens (82.8 %) are own-rooted plants, and
16 specimens are grafted (17.2 %) plants.
To extend the visitors’ outlook and for eco-
educational purposes, a collection of original
Figure 3. Project planting scheme of lilacs in the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine.
Plant Introduction • 103/104 9
Optimization project of the exposition area “Syringarium” in the arboretum “Оlexandria”
Nr Hybrid/cultivar Seedling
age
Sapling
type
Planting
year/
quantity
Color
group
Flowering
time
Number
on the
scheme
(fig. 3)
1 S. × henryi C.K.Schneid. 7 G 2023 / 1 P lb 47
2 S. × hyacinthiflora ‘Buffon’ 7 G 2023 / 2 P eb 38
3 S. × hyacinthiflora ‘Necker’ 8 G 2023 / 2 Р eb 20
4 S. × prestonae ‘Hiawatha’ 8 G 2023 / 1 P lb 1
5 S. × prestonae ‘Minuet’ 6 G 2023 / 2 P lb 45
6 S. chinensis ‘Duplex’ 8 G 2023 / 4 M mb 43
7 S. meyeri ‘Palibin’ 6 G 2023 / 2 Pr lb 44
8 S. meyeri × S. patula × S. microphylla
‘Josee’
6 G 2023 / 1 P eb 46
9 S. vulgaris ‘Andenken an Ludwig
Späth’
8 G 2023 / 2 M lb 22
10 S. vulgaris ‘Aucubaefolia’ 10 G 2023 / 2 B mb 23
11 S. vulgaris ‘Belle de Nancy’ 8 G 2023 / 1 V mb 11
12 S. vulgaris ‘Bogdan Khmel’nickiy’ 10 G 2023 / 1 Pr eb 29
13 S. vulgaris ‘Emile Lemoine’ 7 G 2023 / 2 V eb 31
14 S. vulgaris ‘Charles Joly’ 10 G 2023 / 1 V mb 26
15 S. vulgaris ‘Charles X’ 7 G 2023 / 3 M mb 12
16 S. vulgaris ‘Capitaine Baltet’ 7 G 2023 / 1 M mb 36
17 S. vulgaris ‘Fürst Bülow’ 5 Rp 2023 / 1 V mb 9
18 S. vulgaris ‘Herman Eilers’ 7 G 2023 / 1 V mb 16
19 S. vulgaris ‘Hugo de Vries’ 8 G 2023 / 2 M lb 37
20 S. vulgaris ‘Indija’ 5 Rp 2023 / 1 Pr mb 2
21 S. vulgaris ‘Kramara Nr 1’ 8 Rp 2023 / 1 P mb 3
22 S. vulgaris ‘Krasavica Moskvy’ 7 Rp 2023 / 3 W mb 15
23 S. vulgaris ‘Lemoine’ 6 G 2023 / 1 W mb 42
24 S. vulgaris ‘Leon Gambetta’ 8 G 2023 / 3 V eb 21
25 S. vulgaris ‘Lesya Ukrainka’ 5 Rp 2023 / 1 W mb 4
26 S. vulgaris ‘Maréchal Foch’ 7 G 2023 / 3 M mb 13
27 S. vulgaris ‘Marie Legraye’ 6 G 2023 / 1 W mb 41
28 S. vulgaris ‘Maximowicz’ 1 G 2023 / 3 V mb 32
29 S. vulgaris ‘Mechta’ 5 Rp 2023 / 1 M mb 5
30 S. vulgaris ‘Michel Büchner’ 7 Rp 2023 / 1 V lb 33
2 G 2023 / 2
31 S. vulgaris ‘M-me Antоine Büchner’ 8 Rp 2023 / 2 Pr mb 34
32 S. vulgaris ‘M-me Casimir Périer’ 7 G 2023 / 2 W mb 18
33 S. vulgaris ‘M-me Lemoine’ 10 G 2023 / 5 W lb 24
34 S. vulgaris ‘M-me Florent Stepman’ 6 G 2023 / 1 W mb 40
35 S. vulgaris ‘Mont Blanc’ 9 G 2023 / 2 W mb 25
36 S. vulgaris ‘Mrs Edwig Harding’ 10 G 2023 /5 M mb 27
37 S. vulgaris ‘Night’ 6 G 2023 / 2 Pr lb 35
38 S. vulgaris ‘Ogni Donbassa’ 10 Rp, G 2023 / 2 V mb 19
39 S. vulgaris ‘Olimpiada Kolesnikova’ 8 Rp 2023 / 1 V mb 6
Table 2. Project plantings of lilac hybrids and cultivars in the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine.
10 Plant Introduction • 103/104
Doiko et al.
Nr Hybrid/cultivar Seedling
age
Sapling
type
Planting
year/
quantity
Color
group
Flowering
time
Number
on the
scheme
(fig. 3)
40 S. vulgaris ‘Poltava’ 8 Rp 2023 / 1 V eb 7
41 S. vulgaris ‘Président Grévy’ 8 Rp 2023 / 3 B eb 14
42 S. vulgaris ‘Président Loubet’ 5 Rp 2023 / 1 M mb 8
43 S. vulgaris ‘Primrouse’ 7 G 2023 / 3 Y lb 10
44 S. vulgaris ‘Sensation’ 7 Rp 2023 / 1 M lb 39
45 S. vulgaris ‘Sinai dunken lila’ 6 G 2023 / 2 M lb 17
46 S. vulgaris ‘Taras Bulba’ 10 G 2023 / 3 Pr lb 30
47 S. vulgaris ‘Vestale’ 9 G 2023 / 2 W lb 28
Table 2. Continued.
Note. Sapling type: Rp – rooted plant; G – grafting. Color group: W – white; P – pink; Y – yellow; B – blue;
V – violet; Pr – purple; M – magenta. Flowering time: eb – early blooming; mb – medium blooming; lb – late
blooming.
Nr Species/subspecies Representing area Seedling
age
Planting year
/ quantity
Presence of aroma,
flower color
Flowering
time
1 S. emodi Wall. ex Royle Pakistan to Nepal
and Tibet
7 2023 / 3 the flowers have
a faint pleasant
aroma, lilac-pink
lb
2 S. josicaea J.Jacq ex Rchb. E & S Carpathians 10 2023/ 1 flowers are
fragrant, lilac-pink
lb
3 S. komarowii C.K.Schneid. Central China 8 2023 / 3 purple-pink
flowers
lb
4 S. oblata Lindl. N & Central China
to Korea
8 2023 / 3 flowers are
fragrant, pale
violet-lilac
eb
5 S. persica L. E Afghanistan to
W Himalaya, E
Qinghai to China
5 2023 / 3 flowers are
fragrant, lilac-pink
mb
6 S. pubescens Turcz.
subsp. microphylla (Diels)
M.C.Chang & X.L.Chen
N & Central China 8 2023 / 3 flowers are
fragrant, dark pink
lb
7 S. reticulata (Blume) H.Hara
subsp. amurensis (Rupr.)
P.S.Green & M.C.Chang
Russian Far East to
N China and Korea
7 2023 / 1 flowers white or
creamy white
lb
8 S. reticulata subsp
pekinensis (Rupr.) P.S.Green
& M.C.Chang
N & Central China 8 2023 / 3 flowers white or
creamy white
lb
9 S. reticulata subsp.
reticulatа
S Kuril Islands to
Japan
8 2023 / 3 flowers are faintly
scented, white or
creamy white
lb
10 S. tomentella Bureau &
Franch. subsp. sweginzowii
(Koehne & Lingelsh.) Jin
Y.Chen & D.Y.Hong
SE Tibet to China 8 2023 / 3 flowers are
fragrant, pink and
white
lb
Table 3. Project plantings of original Syringa species in the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine.
Note. Flowering time: eb – early blooming; mb – medium blooming; lb – late blooming.
Plant Introduction • 103/104 11
Optimization project of the exposition area “Syringarium” in the arboretum “Оlexandria”
lilac species is also planned. It should include
26 specimens from ten species and subspecies
and represent three natural areas (Fig. 3,
Table 3).
Conclusions
1. According to the studied historical
materials, we can conditionally distinguish
two stages of introduction of lilac species and
varieties into the culture of the Dendrological
Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine: first – from
the end of the 18th century till 1918; second
– from 1948 to the present day. Monogarden
“Syringarium” in the Dendrological Park
“Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine was laid in 1948–
1950.
2. Due to the long-term cultivation of
lilacs in the same place, several problems
arose: overwork of the soil and, as a
consequence – increased incidence of
fungal diseases; mismatch of growth rates of
rootstock and scion, which led to the death
of plants. In 2012, 307 lilacs were growing on
the site. By 2017, the number of plants in the
garden decreased 24.8 % (76 specimens died).
Among the dead plants, 86.8 % (66 specimens)
belonged to age group II (1985 plantings) and
13.2 % (10 plants) to age group III (2003-2005
plantings). We observed no losses among age
group I (1950-1980 plantings). In the following
four years, 11 more specimens of the III age
group were lost.
3. By 2021, 220 lilac specimens remained
in “Syringarium”: 207 specimens of S. vulgaris
represented by 34 cultivars, one specimen
of S. × chinensis ‘Duplex’, one specimen of S.
× hyacinthiflora ‘Buffon’ and one specimen
of S. × hyacinthiflora ‘Necker’. As a result, the
decorative appearance of the site deteriorated.
Therefore, optimizing the collection and
demonstration plot “Syringarium” became
crucial.
4. The developed project of optimization
of monogarden “Syringarium” includes:
improvement of conditions of lilac cultivation
by partial replacement of soil; restoration
of the quantitative composition of existing
30 varieties; introduction of new 17 varieties,
including three varieties of Ukrainian
selection; creation of a site representing
original Syringa species. To increase the life
span of plants, 35 cultivars (82.8 %) should be
transferred to growth on their own roots. As
a result of the introduction of new cultivars
and species with different flowering times, it
is expected that the attractive period of the
plot will be extended by 15–20 days during the
vegetation season.
Acknowledgements
The authors are grateful to Dr. V.K. Gorb, senior
researcher of the Dendrology Department
of the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical
Garden of the National Academy of Sciences
of Ukraine, for many years of support and
professional advice on cultivating lilacs. The
authors are also grateful to Dr. G.I. Dragan for
determining lilac pests in the Dendrological
Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine.
References
Aftanazy, R. (1993). Dzieje rezydencji na dawnych
kresach Rzeczypospolitej. T. 11. Wojewódstwo
kijowskie (p. 288). Warszawa.
Daughtrey, M., Mickaliger, L., Loizos, L., Tobiasz, M.,
& Seagraves, B. (2007). Evaluating lilac resistance
to powdery mildew. Long Island Research and
Extension Center Research Summaries.
Deriy, I.G. (1958). Dendroflora of the park “Olexandria”
of the Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences of
the Ukrainian SSR (pp. 110–132). Publishing House
of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR,
Kyiv. (In Russian)
Didukh, Y.P. (Ed.). (2009). Red book of Ukraine. Plant
world. Globalconsulting, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian)
Dovgaluk, N.I., Zaimenko, N.V., Pavliuchenko, N.А.,
& Gorb, V.K. (2016). Problems of long-term exhibit
of Syringa L. in a monoculture in the M.M. Gryshko
National Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine.
Monoculture in the Formation of Urban Green Area
Scientific Articles, 1(13), 84–89. (In Russian)
Ellanskaya, N.T., Pavluchenko, N.A., &
Yunosheva, O.P. (2011). Effect of duration of
cultivation of Syringa vulgaris L. cultivars on
microbiota and allelopathic state of soil. Plant
Introduction, 50, 98–103. (In Ukrainian). https://
doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2544875
Gorb, V.K. (1989). Lilacs in Ukraine. Кyiv, Naukova
Dumka. (In Russian)
Gorb, V.K. (2012). The problem of longevity of Syringa
vulgaris L. varieties in connection with condition
of its cultivation. In International readings dedicated
to the 110th anniversary of the birth of Doctor of
Biological Sciences, Professor Leonid Ivanovich Rubtsov
(pp. 271–276). Кyiv. (In Ukrainian)
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2544875
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2544875
12 Plant Introduction • 103/104
Doiko et al.
Проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “Сирінгарій” Державного
дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України
Наталія Дойко 1, *, Лариса Кривдюк 1, Ніна Драган 1, Олександр Силенко 1, 2
1 Державний дендрологічний парк “Олександрія” НАН України, Біла Церква-13, Київська обл., 09113,
Україна; * alexandriapark@ukrnet
2 Інститут еволюційної екології НАН України, вул. Академіка Лебедєва, 37, Київ, 03143, Україна
У роботі представлено результати досліджень архівних матеріалів з інтродукції таксонів роду Syringa
в Державному дендрологічному парку “Олександрія” НАН України. Умовно виділено два великі
Gorb, V.K. (2022). Dynamism in the development
of the NBG lilac garden collection and exhibition
site. In N.V. Zaimenko & D.B. Rakhmetov
(Eds.), Fundamental and applied aspects of
the introduction and preservaionn of plants in
the M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden
of NAS of Ukraine (pp. 110–119). Lira-K, Kyiv.
(In Ukrainian)
Gorobets, S.A., Pavluchenko, N.A., & Blum, A.A.
(2002). Allelopathic methods of regulation
of soil processes at long-term cultivation of
Syringa vulgaris L. Plant Introduction, 14, 80–
87. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.5281/
zenodo.3332980
Hibben, C.R., Walker, J.T., & Allison, J.R. (1977).
Powdery mildew ratings of lilac species and
cultivars. Plant Disease Reporter, 61(3), 192–196.
International Lilac Society. (2024).
International register & checklist of cultivar
names for the genus Syringa L. https://
wwwinternationallilacsocietyorg/public-register/
Kokhno, N.A., & Kurdyuk, A.M. (1994). Theoretical
bases and experience of introduction of woody plants
in Ukraine. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv. (In Russian)
La Garde-Chambonas, A.-L.-C. d. M. (1824). Voyage
de Moscou à Vienne par Kiew, Odessa, Constantinople,
Bucharest et Hermanstadt, ou Lettres adressées à
Jules Griffith. Treuttel et Würtz, Paris.
Manin, K.Z. (1927). Belotserkovsky forestry. Works
of Agricultural Botany, 1(4), 176–180. (In Ukrainian)
Mark, L., & DeBard, M.D. (2021). Chronological
outline history of Syringa species (lilacs). Lilacs,
51(2), 44–55.
Mmbaga, M.T., Sauve, R.J., Nnodu, E., & Zhou, S.
(2005). Multiple disease resistance to powdery
mildew, bacterial blight, and alternaria blight in
lilacs (Syringa spp.). Journal of Arboriculture, 31(1),
1–9. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2005.001
Nebesky, A.O. (1899). List of tree and shrub
species of plants acclimatized in the garden of
Count A. Branitsky near Kyiv. Proceedings of the
Botany Department of the Imperial Society for the
Acclimatization of Animals and Plants, 1, 122–132.
(In Russian)
Pavliuchenko, N.А. (2003). Allelopathic features of
Syringa vulgaris L. PhD thesis. Kyiv. (In Ukrainian)
POWO. (2024). Plants of the World Online.
Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Published on the Internet. https://powo.science.
kew.org/
Prutenskaya, M.D. (1982). Atlas of diseases of flower
and ornamental plants. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv.
(In Russian)
Rubtsov, L.I., Mikhailov, N.L., & Zhogoleva, V.G.
(1980). Lilac species and varieties cultivated in the
USSR: Catalogue-guide. Naukova Dumka, Kyiv.
(In Russian)
Rusanov, F.N. (1971). Method of generic complexes
in plant introduction and its further development.
Bulletin of the Main Botanical Garden of the USSR
Academy of Sciences, 81, 15–20. (In Russian)
Shishkoff, N. (2007). Susceptibility of some lilac
cultivars and other members of the Oleaceae to
Phytophthora ramorum. Plant Health Progress, 8(1),
Article 1101-02-RS. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-
2007-1101-02-RS
Sinadsky, Y.V. (Ed.). (1982). Pests and diseases of floral
and ornamental plants. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian)
Stark, V.N. (1932). Manual on forest damage
accounting (with definition). Publishing House
of Agricultural, Collective and Cooperative
Literature, Moscow–Leningrad. (In Russian)
Sulimierski, F., Chlebowski, B., & Walewski, W. (Red).
(1880). Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych
krajów słowiańskich. T. 1 (s. 179). Warszawa, Nakładem
Filipa Sulimierskiego i Władysława Walewskiego.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3332980
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3332980
https://wwwinternationallilacsocietyorg/public-register/
https://wwwinternationallilacsocietyorg/public-register/
https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2005.001
https://powo.science.kew.org/
https://powo.science.kew.org/
https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-2007-1101-02-RS
https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-2007-1101-02-RS
Plant Introduction • 103/104 13
Optimization project of the exposition area “Syringarium” in the arboretum “Оlexandria”
етапи інтродукції бузків до парку “Олександрія”: перший етап – від кінця XVIII століття до 1918 року і
другий етап – з 1946 року до сьогодення.
Датою закладення моносаду “Сирінгарій” уважаються 1948–1950 роки. Станом на 2021 рік “Сирінгарій”
включає два види, один штучний гібрид і 37 сортів, які розподіляються за трьома віковими групами
(I вікова група представлена 76 екземплярами 19 сортів, ІІ – 90 екземплярами 24 сортів і ІІІ – 54
екземплярами 15 сортів).
Понад 70 років культивування бузків на одній ділянці, де проявилась низка проблем, які призвели
до змін сортового різноманіття та зменшення кількісного складу колекції: ґрунтовтома сприяла
значному послабленню рослин та зменшенню їх стійкості до ураження хворобами і шкідниками.
Тому виникла потреба оптимізації ділянки моносаду “Сирінгарій” (зокрема, часткової заміни ґрунту;
переведення рослин на “власне” коріння для подовження терміну їх життя; відновлення сортового
розмаїття шляхом уведення нових сортів, у тому числі й української селекції). Згідно проєкту науковців
дендропарку “Олександрія”, у рамках оптимізації моносаду “Сирінгарій”, заплановано висадити 91
екземпляр 47 сортів бузків. З метою розвитку еколого-просвітницької діяльності рекомендовано
створити ділянку оригінальних видів бузку.
Ключові слова: Syringa, дендропарк “Олександрія”, моносад, історія інтродукції, проблеми культивування, оптимізація
|
| id | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-1647 |
| institution | Plant Introduction |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:54:24Z |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | wwwplantintroductionorg/0e/8ef783ebcbdc3c26efec0e8960fcfb0e.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-16472025-02-12T12:22:44Z Project of optimization of the collection and exposition area “Syringarium” the “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the NAS of Ukraine Проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “Сирінгарій” Державного дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України Doiko, Nataliia Kryvdiuk, Larisa Dragan, Nina Sylenko, Oleksandr The paper presents the results of research of archival materials on the introduction of taxa of the genus Syringa in the “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine (Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine). Conventionally, two main stages of lilac introduction in the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine were distinguished: the first stage – from the end of the 18th century until 1918 and the second stage – from 1946 until the present time.The laying of the monogarden “Syringarium” is considered to have appeared between 1948 and 1950. In 2021, the collection of “Syringarium” comprised two species, one artificial hybrid, and 37 cultivars and was represented by three age groups (i.e., I age group – 76 specimens of 19 cultivars; II age group – 90 specimens of 24 cultivars; III age group – 54 specimens of 15 cultivars).Considering over 70 years of lilac cultivation on one plot, it went through many difficulties, which resulted in changes in its diversity and a decrease in the quantitative composition of the collection. In particular, allelopathic soil fatigue caused significant weakening of plants and reduced their resistance to disease and pest damage. Therefore, there was a need to optimize the site of the “Syringarium” (i.e., partially replace the soil; re-root the plants on their own roots to extend their life; restore the varietal diversity by introducing the new cultivars, including those of Ukrainian selection, etc.). According to the project developed by the scientists of the Dendrological Park “Olexandria” NAS of Ukraine on optimization of the mono-garden “Syringarium”, it is planned to plant 91 specimens of 47 lilac. For the eco-educational purpose, it is also planned to create an area representing original lilacs species. У роботі представлено результати досліджень архівних матеріалів з інтродукції таксонів роду Syringa в Державному дендрологічному парку “Олександрія” НАН України. Умовно виділено два великі етапи інтродукції бузків до парку “Олександрія”: перший етап – від кінця XVIII століття до 1918 року і другий етап – з 1946 року до сьогодення.Датою закладення моносаду “Сирингарій” уважаються 1948–1950 роки. Станом на 2021 рік “Сирингарій” включає два види, один штучний гібрид і 37 сортів, які розподіляються за трьома віковими групами (I вікова група представлена 76 екземплярами 19 сортів, ІІ – 90 екземплярами 24 сортів і ІІІ – 54 екземплярами 15 сортів).Понад 70 років культивування бузків на одній ділянці, де проявилась низка проблем, які призвели до змін сортового різноманіття та зменшення кількісного складу колекції: ґрунтовтома сприяла значному послабленню рослин та зменшенню їх стійкості до ураження хворобами і шкідниками. Тому виникла потреба оптимізації ділянки моносаду “Сирингарій” (зокрема, часткової заміни ґрунту; переведення рослин на “власне” коріння для подовження терміну їх життя; відновлення сортового розмаїття шляхом уведення нових сортів, у тому числі й української селекції). Згідно проєкту науковців дендропарку “Олександрія”, у рамках оптимізації моносаду “Сирингарій”, заплановано висадити 91 екземпляр 47 сортів бузків. З метою розвитку еколого-просвітницької діяльності рекомендовано створити ділянку оригінальних видів бузків. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2024-12-01 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1647 10.46341/PI2024007 Plant Introduction; No 103/104 (2024); 3-13 Інтродукція Рослин; № 103/104 (2024); 3-13 2663-290X 1605-6574 10.46341/PI103-104 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1647/1555 Copyright (c) 2024 Nataliia Doiko, Larisa Kryvdiuk, Nina Dragan, Oleksandr Sylenko http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Doiko, Nataliia Kryvdiuk, Larisa Dragan, Nina Sylenko, Oleksandr Проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “Сирінгарій” Державного дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України |
| title | Проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “Сирінгарій” Державного дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України |
| title_alt | Project of optimization of the collection and exposition area “Syringarium” the “Оlexandria” State Dendrological Park of the NAS of Ukraine |
| title_full | Проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “Сирінгарій” Державного дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України |
| title_fullStr | Проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “Сирінгарій” Державного дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України |
| title_full_unstemmed | Проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “Сирінгарій” Державного дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України |
| title_short | Проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “Сирінгарій” Державного дендрологічного парку “Олександрія” НАН України |
| title_sort | проєкт оптимізації колекційно-експозиційної ділянки “сирінгарій” державного дендрологічного парку “олександрія” нан україни |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1647 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT doikonataliia projectofoptimizationofthecollectionandexpositionareasyringariumtheolexandriastatedendrologicalparkofthenasofukraine AT kryvdiuklarisa projectofoptimizationofthecollectionandexpositionareasyringariumtheolexandriastatedendrologicalparkofthenasofukraine AT dragannina projectofoptimizationofthecollectionandexpositionareasyringariumtheolexandriastatedendrologicalparkofthenasofukraine AT sylenkooleksandr projectofoptimizationofthecollectionandexpositionareasyringariumtheolexandriastatedendrologicalparkofthenasofukraine AT doikonataliia proêktoptimízacííkolekcíjnoekspozicíjnoídílânkisiríngaríjderžavnogodendrologíčnogoparkuoleksandríânanukraíni AT kryvdiuklarisa proêktoptimízacííkolekcíjnoekspozicíjnoídílânkisiríngaríjderžavnogodendrologíčnogoparkuoleksandríânanukraíni AT dragannina proêktoptimízacííkolekcíjnoekspozicíjnoídílânkisiríngaríjderžavnogodendrologíčnogoparkuoleksandríânanukraíni AT sylenkooleksandr proêktoptimízacííkolekcíjnoekspozicíjnoídílânkisiríngaríjderžavnogodendrologíčnogoparkuoleksandríânanukraíni |