Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі Кіровоградської області
Kirovohrad Oblast, located at the junction of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones in central Ukraine, has undergone significant anthropogenic transformation. Based on field surveys conducted by us between 1994 and 2025, a critical reassessment of published data, and an analysis of herbarium collectio...
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M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine
2026
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Plant Introduction| _version_ | 1860145186632368128 |
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| author | Shynder, Oleksandr |
| author_facet | Shynder, Oleksandr |
| author_sort | Shynder, Oleksandr |
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| datestamp_date | 2026-03-05T02:14:13Z |
| description | Kirovohrad Oblast, located at the junction of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones in central Ukraine, has undergone significant anthropogenic transformation. Based on field surveys conducted by us between 1994 and 2025, a critical reassessment of published data, and an analysis of herbarium collections, the taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast has been evaluated. In total, 151 spontaneous plant species with international, national, or regional conservation status were documented, representing ca. 12.6 % of the estimated local flora. Among them, five species have high-priority conservation categories in the IUCN Red List, nine species are included in the Revised Appendix I of the Bern Convention, 65 species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, and 79 species appear in the List of vascular plant species subjected to special protection in the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast. Rare plants are unevenly distributed across the region: 80 species occur in the western, 118 in the northern, and 100 in the southern (steppe) parts of the oblast, with 133 species restricted to the Forest-Steppe zone, indicating higher floristic diversity in this part of the region. Based on new data and earlier findings, several species have been included for the first time among the rare plants of Kirovohrad Oblast, including Cephalanthera damasonium, Eremogone cephalotes, Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. savranica, and Viola alba. A critical analysis of the List of vascular plant species subjected to special protection in the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast showed that not all species meet the criteria for regional-level protection. Some species listed as regionally rare in Kirovohrad Oblast are unconfirmed in the studied flora; two are alien, and three already have national or international conservation status. In total, 33 rare species have been erroneously or insufficiently justified as reported for Kirovohrad Oblast. Several proposals are offered to optimise the regional list of rare plants requiring protection in Kirovohrad Oblast, with special attention to the improved conservation of wetland and forest margin-range species, which are more vulnerable to present-day climate change. Examples of cultivating rare species are provided as an additional ex situ conservation measure. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.46341/PI2025027 |
| first_indexed | 2026-03-12T15:49:12Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
© The Authors. This content is provided under CC BY 4.0 license.
Plant Introduction, 109, 35–54 (2026) ISSN 1605-6574, e-ISSN 2663-290X
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Critical analysis of the taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in
the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast
Oleksandr Shynder
M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Sadovo-Botanichna str. 1, 01103 Kyiv, Ukraine;
shinderoleksandr@gmail.com
Received: 23.11.2025 | Accepted: 28.02.2026 | Published: 04.03.2026
Abstract
Kirovohrad Oblast, located at the junction of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones in central Ukraine,
has undergone significant anthropogenic transformation. Based on field surveys conducted by us
between 1994 and 2025, a critical reassessment of published data, and an analysis of herbarium
collections, the taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast has
been evaluated. In total, 151 spontaneous plant species with international, national, or regional
conservation status were documented, representing ca. 12.6 % of the estimated local flora. Among
them, five species have high-priority conservation categories in the IUCN Red List, nine species are
included in the Revised Appendix I of the Bern Convention, 65 species are listed in the Red Book of
Ukraine, and 79 species appear in the List of vascular plant species subjected to special protection in
the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast. Rare plants are unevenly distributed across the region: 80 species
occur in the western, 118 in the northern, and 100 in the southern (steppe) parts of the oblast, with
133 species restricted to the Forest-Steppe zone, indicating higher floristic diversity in this part of
the region. Based on new data and earlier findings, several species have been included for the first
time among the rare plants of Kirovohrad Oblast, including Cephalanthera damasonium, Eremogone
cephalotes, Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. savranica, and Viola alba. A critical analysis of the List of vascular
plant species subjected to special protection in the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast showed that not
all species meet the criteria for regional-level protection. Some species listed as regionally rare in
Kirovohrad Oblast are unconfirmed in the studied flora; two are alien, and three already have national
or international conservation status. In total, 33 rare species have been erroneously or insufficiently
justified as reported for Kirovohrad Oblast. Several proposals are offered to optimise the regional
list of rare plants requiring protection in Kirovohrad Oblast, with special attention to the improved
conservation of wetland and forest margin-range species, which are more vulnerable to present-day
climate change. Examples of cultivating rare species are provided as an additional ex situ conservation
measure.
Keywords: flora, biodiversity, protection, regionally rare species, Red Book of Ukraine, Bern Convention, Forest-Steppe, Steppe
https://doi.org/10.46341/PI2025027
UDC 581.9 (477.65)
Funding: The work was carried out without funding from any specific project.
Competing Interests: The author declares no conflict of interest.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1146-0873
36 Plant Introduction • 109
Shynder
Introduction
Kirovohrad Oblast is situated at the junction
of two major natural zones, the Forest-
Steppe and the Steppe, which results in a
pronounced heterogeneity of its vegetation
cover (Marynych, 1989–1993). The region
encompasses elements of nemoral, meadow-
steppe, petrophytic (granite outcrops),
psammophytic, and related floristic complexes,
creating a highly mosaic diversity of habitats.
However, due to extensive agricultural and
industrial development, only small fragments
of the natural vegetation have been preserved
(Andriyenko, 1999). For a long time, information
on the occurrence of rare plant species
documented in the late 20th century served as
the basis for compiling the lists of regionally
rare plants (Kirovohrad Regional Council,
1999, 2018) and for preparing materials for the
Red Book of Ukraine (Didukh, 2009; Ministry
of Environmental Protection and Natural
Resources of Ukraine, 2021). Today, however,
these data remain incomplete and localized,
and therefore require substantial revision.
In this context, a critical reassessment of the
taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants
in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast is necessary.
Material and methods
The aim was to critically revise the list of rare
vascular plants in the flora of the Kirovohrad
Oblast, compare it with existing information
on rare plants in the region, and identify
shortcomings in previous floristic inventories.
We conducted field studies of vegetation from
1994 to 2025, primarily within the Holovanivsk
Raion. Publications on the flora and rare plants
of the Kirovohrad region as a whole were
critically examined, and herbarium specimens
from KW, KWHA, KWU, MSUD, SOF, UM, and
UPU (Thiers, 2026).
The objects of the study were rare plant
species listed in the Updated Annex I of the
Bern Convention (EUNIS, 2011), the IUCN Red
List (IUCN, 2026) with categories following
Korotchenko & Mosyakin (2014) for species
with categories above LC, the Red Book of
Ukraine (Ministry of Environmental Protection
and Natural Resources of Ukraine, 2021), and
the List of vascular plant species subjected
to special protection in the territory of
Kirovohrad Oblast (Kirovohrad Regional
Council, 2018). Nomenclature follows the
Plants of the World Online checklist (POWO,
2026).
Study area
The study area lies within the administrative
boundaries of Kirovohrad Oblast, situated in
the geographical centre of Ukraine. The region
lies on a gently undulating plain in the southern
part of the Dnipro Upland, with elevations
generally ranging from 80 to 267 m a.s.l.
The total area of the oblast is approximately
24,600 km2. Major river systems include the
Southern Buh, Inhul, Inhulets, Synyukha, and
Dnipro.
According to the physiographical
regionalization of Ukraine (Marynych et al.,
2003), the northern and western parts of
Kirovohrad Oblast lie within the Forest-Steppe
zone (43.5 %). In contrast, its southern portion
belongs to the Steppe zone (56.5 %). Given
the considerable latitudinal extent of the
oblast within the Forest-Steppe, the natural
internal boundary within this zone is formed
by the valley of the Synyukha River, which is
widely used as a reference line in studies of
the region’s vegetation cover (Myrza-Sidenko,
2006; Barmak, 2013). Historically, this river also
served as an administrative frontier between
the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and
the Russian Empire, and later – between the
Podillia and Kherson Governorates (Paczoski,
1914; Kuzyk & Biloshapka, 2005). Accordingly,
we distinguish three subregions within
the study area (Fig. 1): the western (Forest-
Steppe), the northern (Forest-Steppe), and the
southern (Steppe).
The region’s contemporary landscape
is dominated by agricultural land, which
occupies 71.6 % of its area. Natural vegetation is
represented by broadleaf forests (oak and oak–
hornbeam) in the northern and western parts
(natural and planted forests together cover
6.2 % of the territory), as well as by fragments
of steppe and rocky-granite communities,
mostly confined to the slopes of river valleys
and ravines. Wetland and meadow habitats
occupy relatively small areas and are highly
synanthropized. Psammophytic communities
occur locally in the valleys of major rivers.
Large expanses of floodplain meadows in
the Dnipro valley were submerged following
the creation of the Kremenchuk Reservoir
Plant Introduction • 109 37
Taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast
(Marynych, 1989–1993; Kirovohrad Regional
Military Administration, 2024).
History of research on rare plants in
Kirovohrad Oblast
The history of botanical research on the
vegetation of Kirovohrad Oblast has been
covered in several publications (Andriyenko,
1999; Myrza-Sidenko, 2006; Arkushyna &
Popova, 2010; Barmak, 2013). The modern
stage of phytosozological studies in the
region began with comprehensive expedition
surveys conducted under the leadership
of T.L. Andriienko (Honcharov, 2011). The
participants examined most of the oblast
in search of valuable sites with preserved
natural vegetation and habitats of rare
plant species. They contributed to the
establishment of numerous new protected
areas (Andriyenko, 1999). Based on the results
of these investigations, the first “List of animal
and vascular plant species subjected to special
protection in the territory of Kirovohrad
Oblast” (Kirovohrad Regional Council, 1999)
was compiled, comprising 90 vascular plant
species.
Subsequently, floristic studies continued,
leading to clarification of the species
composition of rare plants and the discovery
of many new localities (Arkushyna & Popova,
2002, 2010; Kucherevskyi, 2004; Myrza-
Sidenko, 2006; Vynokurov, 2014; Baranets,
2021; Trotner, 2024, 2025; Trotner & Trotner,
2025). Within the study area, the distribution
of 48 rare plant species was documented
for the former Uliianivka Raion (Holovko &
Kuzemko, 2012; Holovko, 2014). Additional
contributions clarified the distribution of rare
plants and reported new species for the flora of
the oblast (Myrza-Sidenko, 2011; Chorna, 2011;
Shynder, 2017; Kuzemko, 2019; Lavrynenko,
2023b; Moysiyenko et al., 2024), substantially
enriching the earlier information (Andriyenko,
1999; Honcharov, 2011). Special morphological
and population studies of individual rare
species were also carried out (Didenko et al.,
2010; Melnyk et al., 2010; Shynder & Kozyr,
2010; Drabyniuk & Grevtsova, 2011; Barmak &
Scherbakova, 2012; Barmak, 2013; Chekanov &
Didenko, 2013).
Based on vegetation studies, a number of
important recommendations were produced
Figure 1. Location of Kirovohrad Oblast within Ukraine and its physiographical subdivision.
38 Plant Introduction • 109
Shynder
concerning the optimisation and expansion
of the protected-area network (Gelevera &
Zarubina, 2006; Kozynska, 2008; Kuzemko,
2008; Koniakin, 2009; Myrza-Sidenko
et al., 2008; Barvinok, 2012; Holovko, 2014;
Artemenko, 2016; Korniak, 2016; Zhulenko,
2021; Myrza-Sidenko, 2022; Lavrynenko,
2023a, 2023b; Pidtykana et al., 2025) and
the formation of the ecological network in
Kirovohrad Oblast (Myrza-Sidenko, 2006, 2017;
Zarubina, 2010). Essential recommendations
on plant conservation in the region were also
provided by Kilnitska et al. (2025).
For many years, the monograph of
Andriyenko (1999) remained the most
comprehensive source of information on
rare plants and valuable natural sites, and
its data were frequently reproduced in later
publications (Kuzyk & Biloshapka, 2005;
Honcharov, 2011). In the 3rd edition of the
Red Book of Ukraine, 55 rare plant species
were reported for Kirovohrad Oblast (Didukh,
2009, 2010b). Later, this number was increased
to 65. A Lists of animal and vascular plant
species subjected to special protection in
the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast (further
in text – Protection List of Kirovohrad
Oblast), comprising 95 species, was published
(Kirovohrad Regional Council, 2018).
Overall, the review of phytosozological
studies for Kirovohrad Oblast demonstrates
a clear need for a modern, comprehensive
inventory of the rare plant species comprising
its flora.
Results and discussion
Based on a critical evaluation of available data,
we confirm the presence of 151 plant species
in the spontaneous flora of Kirovohrad Oblast
that have international, national, or regional
conservation status (Table 1). These account
for approximately 12.6 % of the natural flora of
the oblast, which we estimate at about 1,200
native species and subspecies.
Spatially, in the western part of Kirovohrad
Oblast, 80 rare plant species were recorded
(excluding doubtful records and cultivated
plants), in the northern part 118 species, and
in the southern (steppe) part 100 species.
Altogether, 133 rare plant species are recorded
within the Forest-Steppe zone of Kirovohrad
Oblast. This indicates a higher concentration
of rare species specifically within the Forest-
Steppe zone, which should be taken into
account in future optimisation of the oblast’s
protected-area network.
A total of 65 species from the presented
list are included in the Red Book of Ukraine.
TTaking into account the updated Protection
List of Kirovohrad Oblast (Ministry of
Environmental Protection and Natural
Resources of Ukraine, 2021), and based on
a critical evaluation of both our own and
previously published data, we recommend that
the following species be considered rare:
Botrychium lunaria – based on an old
record by Lindemann (1882), later accepted by
Paczoski (1914) and Fomin (1936);
Cephalanthera damasonium – see Shynder
(2017) for details;
Eremogone cephalotes – we have observed
this species in collaboration with D. Borovyk
(Shynder, 2021);
Nymphoides peltata – see Paczoski (2008)
and Yemelianova (2015) for details;
Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. savranica –
see Osychniuk (1958) for details;
Viola alba – see Chorna (2011) for details.
Also, the habitat of Scopolia carniolica has
recently been confirmed by Shevchyk (2023).
This species has been considered extinct in
the region since its discovery in the early 20th
century (Paczoski, 1910; Shynder & Negrash,
2014).
The spontaneous spread of Staphylea
pinnata in forest plantations has also been
reported by Trotner (2024).
Among the species listed in the Red Book
of Ukraine, the following should be regarded
as extinct within the region: Anacamptis
palustris, Botrychium lunaria, Crambe tataria,
Gladiolus tenuis, and Gymnadenia conopsea.
Natural populations of Galanthus nivalis in
Holovanivsk Raion are likely extinct, and the
records from Kropyvnytskyi and Oleksandriia
raions (Honcharov, 2011; Melnyk & Didenko,
2013) are not supported by other sources and
are geographically isolated from the southern
boundary of the species’ main range (Melnyk &
Didenko, 2013); therefore, they may represent
introductions.
Eighteen species listed in the Red Book
of Ukraine have been reported for the
flora of Kirovohrad Oblast at various times
either erroneously or without sufficient
confirmation:
Plant Introduction • 109 39
Taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast
No Species or infraspecies Source Subregion
1 Aconitum lasiostomum Rchb. ex Besser rr I, II
2 Acorus calamus L. rr I, II
3 Adonis vernalis L. RBU I, II, III
4 Adonis volgensis Steven ex DC. RBU *I, III
5 Aegonychon purpurocaeruleum (L.) Holub rr I, II, III
6 Alkekengi officinarum Moench (= Physalis alkekengi L.) rr I, II, III
7 Allium sphaeropodum Klokov (= A. flavum L. subsp. tauricum (Besser ex Rchb.)
K.Richt. s.l.)
RBU I
8 Allium ursinum L. RBU II
9 Anacamptis laxiflora (Lam.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase RBU II
10 Anacamptis palustris (Jacq.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase subsp.
elegans (Heuff.) R.M.Bateman, Pridgeon & M.W.Chase
RBU (–)II, (–)III
11 Anchusa pseudoochroleuca Des.-Shost. rr II
12 Anemonoides sylvestris (L.) Galasso, Banfi & Soldano (≡ Anemone sylvestris L.) rr I, II, III
13 Asplenium ruta-muraria L. rr III
14 Asplenium septentrionale (L.) Hoffm. rr I, II, III
15 Asplenium trichomanes L. rr I, II, III
16 Astragalus dasyanthus Pall. RBU I, II, III
17 Astragalus odessanus Besser (= A. cornutus Pall. s.l.) RBU III
18 Astragalus pallescens M.Bieb. rr III
19 Astragalus ponticus Pall. RBU I, II, III
20 Asyneuma canescens (Waldst. & Kit.) Griseb. & Schenk rr I, III
21 Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth rr II, /III
22 Bellevalia speciosa Woronow ex Grossh. (= B. sarmatica (Pall. ex Miscz.)
Woronow)
rr I, II, III
23 Berberis vulgaris L. rr I, II, III
24 Betonica officinalis L. rr I, II, III
25 Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw. RBU (–)II
26 Bupleurum falcatum L. rr I, III
27 Caragana scythica (Kom.) Pojark. RBU III
28 Carex atherodes Spreng. rr ?II, III
29 Carex brevicollis DC. rr I, II
30 Carex disticha Huds. rr I, II, ?III
31 Carex hartmaniorum A.Cajander rr II
32 Carex hordeistichos Vill. rr I, II, III
33 Carex secalina Willd. ex Wahlenb. RBU III
34 Carex stenophylla Wahlenb. rr /I, II, III
35 Centaurea borysthenica Gruner rr I, II, III
Table 1. Critical list of rare plant species protected within the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast. Legend: IUCN –
IUCN Red List (in brackets – protection category); RBU – Red Book of Ukraine; BC – Revised Appendix of
the Bern Convention; rr – regionally rare plant; (–) – extinct plant; / – doubtful or erroneous records; ? –
unconfirmed but plausible records; * – cultivated plant.
40 Plant Introduction • 109
Shynder
No Species or infraspecies Source Subregion
36 Centaurium erythraea Rafn rr I, II, III
37 Cephalanthera damasonium (Mill.) Druce RBU I, III
38 Clematis integrifolia L. rr I, II, III
39 Clematis recta L. rr I, III
40 Colchicum bulbocodium Ker Gawl. subsp. versicolor (Ker Gawl.) K.Perss.
(≡ Bulbocodium versicolor (Ker Gawl.) Spreng.)
RBU II, III
41 Convallaria majalis L. rr I, II, III
42 Cornus mas L. rr I, II, III
43 Coronilla elegans Pančić (≡ Securigera elegans (Pancic) Lassen) RBU II, /III
44 Corydalis cava (L.) Schweigg. & Körte subsp. marschalliana (Willd.) Hayek
(≡ C. marschalliana (Pall. ex Willd.) Pers.)
rr /I, II
45 Crambe tataria Sebeók RBU; BC (–)II, (–)III
46 Crataegus meyeri Pojark. (= C. ucrainica Pojark.) IUCN(DD) II, ?III
47 Crocus reticulatus Steven ex Adam RBU I, II, III
48 Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. rr I, III
49 Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó (= Orchis latifolia auct. non L. (Oksner, 1924)) RBU II
50 Dactylorhiza majalis (Rchb.) P.F.Hunt & Summerh. RBU II, III
51 Dianthus capitatus J.St.-Hil. subsp. andrzejowskianus Zapał.
(≡ D. andrzejowskianus (Zapał.) Kulcz.)
rr ?I, II, III
52 Dianthus hypanicus Andrz. RBU; IUCN
(VU), BC
/I, II, III
53 Dianthus squarrosus M.Bieb. rr II
54 Digitalis grandiflora Mill. rr II, III
55 Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H.P.Fuchs rr I, II, III
56 Dryopteris cristata (L.) A.Gray rr II
57 Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott rr I, III
58 Ephedra distachya L. rr I, II, III
59 Epipactis atrorubens (Hoffm.) Besser RBU II, III
60 Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz RBU I, II, III
61 Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz RBU II
62 Equisetum telmateia Ehrh. rr I, II, /III
63 Eremogone cephalotes (M.Bieb.) Fenzl RBU III
64 Eriophorum angustifolium Honck. rr II, /III
65 Euonymus nanus M.Bieb. RBU II, *III
66 Fritillaria meleagroides Patrin ex Schult. & Schult.f. RBU II
67 Fritillaria ruthenica Wikst. RBU II, III
68 Galanthus nivalis L. RBU (–)I, *II, /III
69 Galega officinalis L. rr I, II, III
70 Gladiolus tenuis M.Bieb. RBU (–)II, ?III
71 Glechoma hirsuta Waldst. & Kit. IUCN(DD) I
Table 1. Continued.
Plant Introduction • 109 41
Taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast
No Species or infraspecies Source Subregion
72 Goniolimon besserianum (Schult. ex Rchb.) Kusn. rr I, III
73 Goniolimon tataricum (L.) Boiss. rr III
74 Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R.Br. RBU (–)II
75 Gymnospermium odessanum (DC.) Takht. RBU III
76 Hesperis tristis L. rr I, II, III
77 Hyacinthella leucophaea (K.Koch) Schur rr I, II, III
78 Inula helenium L. rr I, II, III
79 Iris aphylla L. var. hungarica (Waldst. & Kit.) D.Dubovik (≡ I. hungarica Waldst. & Kit.) BC; rr I, II, III
80 Iris graminea L. rr I, II
81 Iris halophila Pall. (= I. gueldenstadtiana Lepech.) rr I, III
82 Iris pineticola Klokov (= I. arenaria Waldst. & Kit. s.l., I. humilis Georgi subsp.
arenaria (Waldst. & Kit.) Á.Löve & D.Löve)
RBU; BC III
83 Iris pontica Zapał. RBU I, II, III
84 Iris pseudacorus L. rr I, II, III
85 Iris pumila L. rr I, II, III
86 Iris sibirica L. RBU II, /III
87 Jurinea calcarea Klokov rr I, II, III
88 Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb. BC II, III
89 Klasea lycopifolia (Vill.) Á.Löve & D.Löve (≡ Serratula lycopifolia (Vill.) A.Kern.) RBU; BC I, II, III
90 Lilium martagon L. RBU I, II
91 Limonium alutaceum (Steven) Kuntze rr II, III
92 Linum hirsutum L. rr I, II, III
93 Melittis melissophyllum L. subsp. carpatica (Klokov) P.W.Ball (= M. sarmatica Klokov) rr II, /III
94 Muscari neglectum Guss. ex Ten. rr I, II, III
95 Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch (≡ Leopoldia tenuiflora (Tausch) Heldr.) rr I, III
96 Neottia nidus-avis (L.) Rich. RBU II, III
97 Neottia ovata (L.) Bluff & Fingerh. (≡ Listera ovata (L.) R.Br.) RBU (–)I, II
98 Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. rr I, II, III
99 Nymphoides peltata (S.G.Gmel.) Kuntze RBU ?I, II
100 Odontarrhena tortuosa (Willd.) C.A.Mey subsp. savranica (Andrz. ex Besser)
Španiel, Al-Shehbaz & Marhold (≡ Alyssum savranicum Andrz.)
RBU I
101 Onosma visianii Clementi (= O. macrochaeta Klokov & Dobrocz.) rr III
102 Orchis militaris L. RBU II, /III
103 Ornithogalum boucheanum (Kunth) Asch. RBU I, II, III
104 Ornithogalum orthophyllum Ten. subsp. kochii (Parl.) Zahar. (= O. gussonii
auct. non Ten.)
rr I, II, III
105 Ostericum palustre (Besser) Besser (≡ Angelica palustris (Besser) Hoffm.) BC II, III
106 Pedicularis kaufmannii Pinzger rr II, III
107 Pentanema ensifolium (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico &
M.M.Mart.Ort. (≡ Inula ensifolia L.)
rr I, III
Table 1. Continued.
42 Plant Introduction • 109
Shynder
No Species or infraspecies Source Subregion
108 Platanthera bifolia (L.) Rich. RBU II
109 Platanthera chlorantha (Custer) Rchb. RBU II
110 Polypodium vulgare L. rr I, II, III
111 Pontechium maculatum (L.) Böhle & Hilger (= Echium russicum J.F.Gmel.) BC III
112 Primula veris L. rr I, II
113 Prunus fruticosa Pall. (≡ Cerasus fruticosa (Pall.) Woronow) rr I, II, III
114 Prunus mahaleb L. (≡ Cerasus mahaleb (L.) Mill.) rr I, II, III
115 Prunus tenella Batsch. (= Amygdalus nana L.) rr I, II, III
116 Pseudoroegneria stipifolia (Trautv.) Á.Löve (≡ Elytrigia stipifolia (Czern. ex
Nevski) Nevski)
RBU II, ?III
117 Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill. RBU; BC II
118 Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. (= P. bohemica auct. non (Skalický) Tzvelev,
P. nigricans Störck.)
RBU I, II, III
119 Pyrola rotundifolia L. rr II
120 Ranunculus polyphyllus Waldst. & Kit. ex Willd. IUCN(DD) (–)II
121 Rosa spinosissima L. rr I, II, III
122 Scilla bifolia L. rr I, II, III
123 Scilla siberica Haw. rr II, III
124 Scopolia carniolica Jacq. RBU II
125 Scrophularia vernalis L. RBU II
126 Scutellaria altissima L. rr I, II, III
127 Scutellaria verna Besser (= S. supina L.) RBU III
128 Sedum borissovae Balk. rr I, II, III
129 Sempervivum ruthenicum Schnittsp. & C.B.Lehm. rr I, II
130 Senecio doria L. (= S. schwetzowii Korsh.) rr I, II, III
131 Silene nutans L. rr I, II, III
132 Staphylea pinnata L. RBU III
133 Stipa borysthenica Klokov ex Prokudin RBU II
134 Stipa capillata L. RBU I, II, III
135 Stipa dasyphylla (Lindem.) Czern. ex Trautv. RBU I, II, III
136 Stipa graniticola Klokov (= S. borysthenica Klokov ex Prokudin s.l.) RBU I, III
137 Stipa lessingiana Trin. & Rupr. RBU I, II, III
138 Stipa pennata L. RBU I, II, III
139 Stipa pulcherrima K.Koch RBU ?I, II, III
140 Stipa tirsa Steven RBU II, III
141 Stipa ucrainica P.A.Smirn. RBU III
142 Taeniopetalum arenarium (Waldst. & Kit.) V.N.Tikhom. (≡ Peucedanum
arenarium Waldst. & Kit., P. borysthenicum Klokov)
rr II
143 Thelypteris palustris Schott rr I, II, III
Table 1. Continued.
Plant Introduction • 109 43
Taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast
No Species or infraspecies Source Subregion
144 Thymus × tschernjaievii Klokov & Des.-Shost. (= T. pallasianus Heinr.Braun × T.
pannonicus All.)
rr II
145 Tulipa graniticola Klokov & Zoz (= T. biebersteiniana Schult. & Schult., T.
sylvestris L. subsp. australis (Link) Pamp. s.l.)
RBU III
146 Tulipa hypanica Klokov & Zoz (= T. biebersteiniana, T. sylvestris subsp.
australis s.l.)
RBU /I, II, III
147 Tulipa quercetorum Klokov & Zoz (= T. biebersteiniana, T. sylvestris L. subsp.
australis (Link) Pamp. s.l.)
RBU I, II, III
148 Urtica kioviensis Rogow. IUCN(DD) II
149 Utricularia minor L. RBU II
150 Viola alba Besser RBU I
151 Vitis vinifera L. var. sylvestris Willd. (≡ Vitis sylvestris C.C.Gmel.) rr *?III
Table 1. Continued.
Aconitum besserianum Andrz. ex
Trautv. was reported from Oleksandriia
(Schmalhausen, 1895), but this record evidently
refers to A. lasiostomum, since the range of
A. besserianum encompasses only the western
part of the Podolian Upland (Didukh, 2004,
2009).
Allium scythicum Zoz (= A. regelianum
A.K.Becker s.l.) was reported by Kucherevskyi
(2004) from steppe slopes in the vicinity
of the settlement of Petrove. However,
since the described habitat conditions do
not correspond to the halophytic biotopes
typical of A. scythicum (Didukh, 2009), this
record is unlikely to refer to this taxon. Most
likely, it concerns morphologically similar
plants of A. regelianum also listed in the Red
Book of Ukraine (Ministry of Environmental
Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine,
2021), although its occurrence in the flora
requires confirmation. Otherwise, it can be
A. sphaerocephalon L.
Astragalus exscapus L. was reported from
the former Bobrynets and Dolynska raions
(Myrza-Sidenko, 2011). However, these
records evidently refer to A. exscapus subsp.
pubiflorus (DC.) Soó rather than A. exscapus
s.str. (≡ A. exscapus subsp. exscapus), which is
included in the Red Book of Ukraine (Ministry
of Environmental Protection and Natural
Resources of Ukraine, 2021), with confirmed
localities known only from Odesa Oblast
(Didukh, 2009).
Astragalus henningii (Steven) Boriss. was
reported from the Monastyryshche Landscape
Reserve (Kirovohrad Regional Military
Administration, 2022), but the confirmed
range of this species lies south of the oblast
(Kucherevskyi, 2004; Didukh, 2009). Therefore,
this record requires verification.
Carex liparocarpos Gaudin was reported for
the Inhul valley (Kirovohrad Regional Council,
1999; Vynokurov, 2014), but this record is
doubtful because it is absent from adjacent
regions (Kucherevskyi, 2004), and confirmed
localities occur only in the southern steppe
zone (Didukh, 2009).
Colchicum sp. was collected by Ryabkov
near Svitlovodsk in 1883 and published
under the name C. bulbocodioides M.Bieb. in
Schmalhausen (1897). Paczoski (1914) initially
referred this material to C. montanum L.,
although he had damaged the specimens;
later, he considered that the plants most likely
belonged to C. versicolor, or that Ryabkov
had simply mixed up the labels. Bordzilowski
(1950) subsequently assigned the record to
C. biebersteinii Rouy (= C. ancyrense B.L.Burtt,
C. triphyllum Kunze), but also noted that this
isolated habitat did not correspond to the
known ecology and geography of the species
and therefore required confirmation. We
interpret this as Ryabkov’s plants indeed
represent C. bulbocodium subsp. versicolor,
although the habitat has likely been lost.
Cymbaria borysthenica Pall. ex Schltdl.
was reported for the Inhul valley by Chopyk
(1978) and in the flora of the Syniukha–
Inhulets interfluve (Barmak, 2013), but remains
unconfirmed (Myrza-Sidenko, 2011).
44 Plant Introduction • 109
Shynder
Delphinium sergei O.D.Wissjul. was
reported for the urban flora of Kropyvnytskyi
(Arkushyna & Popova, 2010), but this locality
is not confirmed in other sources (Honcharov,
2011; Didukh, 2009), and the natural range
of this species in Ukraine is restricted to
the east of the country (Didukh, 2004). In
addition, plants of this species were collected
by F.O. Hryn in Mykolaiv Oblast in the
“Labirynt” tract in 1949 (KW). This locality is
situated within an artificial forest plantation
established by V.P. Skarzhynskyi in the 19th
century. The occurrence of the species
there was later confirmed by other authors
(Dubovyk, 1991; Didukh, 2004; Baranovskyi
& Loza, 2005; Novosad et al., 2013). However,
we believe this habitat is artificial in origin.
Overall, the presence of the genus Delphinium
in the modern flora of Kirovohrad Oblast is
rather doubtful. Lindemann (1875) reported
D. fissum Waldst. & Kit. for a forest near the
former border of Kyiv Governorate. Later,
Schmalhausen (1895) listed D. hybridum
Stephan ex Willd. for the former Yelysavethrad
County, referring precisely to that earlier
record. Paczoski (2008) considered this record
erroneous, but at the same time mentioned
D. elatum L. for the “Manuela – datscha”
forest, also citing Lindemann. Subsequently,
Visjulina (1953) cited D. leiocarpum Huth for
the vicinity of Kropyvnytskyi, referring to
Schmalhausen. According to current data
on species distribution within the genus
(Didukh, 2004), all these records (in fact, a
single record originating from Lindemann’s
specimen) correspond to D. cuneatum Spreng.,
presumably from a habitat that has since
been lost. This species was also listed for the
Birzulivski Horby protected area (Kirovohrad
Regional Council, 1999; Myrza-Sidenko, 2006).
However, during field studies, Lavrynenko
(2023b) established that another, though
morphologically similar species grows there
– Aconitum anthora L. (see also Moysiyenko
et al., 2024).
Dictamnus albus L. was mentioned in the
late 18th century for the former “Great Forest”
in Oleksandriia Raion (Güldenstädt, 1791), but
this record almost certainly concerns another
plant.
Gladiolus imbricatus L. was reported by
Dokturovskyi (1908) for the Chornyi Lis (Black
Forest). Later, Paczoski (1914) confirmed its
occurrence there and additionally reported
it from the environs of Dobrovelychkivka and
Oleksandriia (MSUD). However, these records
were found to refer to G. tenuis (Bordzilowski,
1950; Didukh, 2009).
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. was included in
the Protection List of Kirovohrad Oblast
(Kirovohrad Regional Council, 2018). We
have found no evidence of the spontaneous
occurrence of this species within Kirovohrad
Oblast. Its known distribution range lies in
the southern part of the Steppe zone (Didukh,
2009; Moysiyenko et al., 2023).
Gypsophila thyraica Krasnova was included
on the Protection List of Kirovohrad Oblast
(Kirovohrad Regional Council, 1999) and
reported from the Syniukha–Inhul interfluve
(Barmak, 2013). However, its natural range lies
in the Dniester valley on the western Podillia
Upland (Didukh, 2009), far from Kirovohrad
Oblast.
Hyacinthella pallasiana (Steven) Losinsk.
was reported near Blahovishchenske
(Holovko, 2014; Honcharov, 2011), likely
instead of H. leucophaea. The natural range of
H. pallasiana does not extend to Kirovohrad
Oblast (Bordzilowski, 1950; Didukh, 2009).
Iris furcata M.Bieb. was reported from
several locations (Lindemann, 1867; Myrza-
Sidenko, 2011; Kovalenko et al., 2017), but
its confirmed range lies in eastern Ukraine
(Didukh, 2009), and the regional records (i.e.,
MSUD 468) belong to I. aphylla.
Paeonia tenuifolia L. remains enigmatic: it
has been cited in several sources (Zhuravel,
2005; Didukh, 2009; Arkushyna & Popova,
2010), but without exact localities, and its
occurrence in the oblast is unconfirmed
(Myrza-Sidenko, 2011). Paczoski (2008) did
not mention this species anywhere within the
former Kherson Governorate, which included
most of today’s Kirovohrad Oblast. At the
same time, this plant is cultivated (Honcharov,
2011).
Prunus klokovii (Sobko), comb. ined.,
was reported from the vicinity of Ustynivka
(Barmak, 2013). But all confirmed localities lie
within the South Bug valley and its immediate
tributaries in Mykolaiv Oblast (Didukh, 2009;
Novosad et al., 2013). Records in Kirovohrad
Oblast require further verification.
Pulsatilla grandis Wender. Earlier
references to Anemone pulsatilla L. in
Güldenstädt (1791) were attributed by Paczoski
(2008) to P. vulgaris Mill., though they more
Plant Introduction • 109 45
Taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast
likely correspond to P. nigricans. In addition,
P. grandis was reported for the Antonovychski
Horby protected area and Kvitucha Balka
botanical reserve (Honcharov, 2011; Barmak,
2013), but the confirmed range of the species
does not include Kirovohrad Oblast (Didukh,
2009; Horbnyak, 2015). A report of plants
escaped from cultivation in Kropyvnytskyi
(Arkushyna & Popova, 2002) may also
correspond to P. vulgaris, which is often
cultivated in flower gardens (Horbnyak, 2015;
Glukhova et al., 2016).
Tulipa biflora Pall. was cited by Paczoski
(1914) as an interpretation of T. sylvestris var.
biflora Led. (Rehmann, 1872) for the Inhul River
valley. Paczoski himself doubted this record,
and later Bordzilowski (1950) rejected it.
Nine species of the spontaneous flora of
Kirovohrad Oblast are included in the Revised
Appendix I of the Bern Convention (EUNIS,
2011; Solomakha, 2016), most of which were
already reported by authors of the 19th–20th
centuries. Of these, Crambe tataria is extinct
in the region. Among the three unconfirmed
Bern-listed species previously cited for the
oblast are the already mentioned Paeonia
tenuifolia and Pulsatilla grandis, as well as
Adenophora liliifolia (L.) A.DC., reported
from the South Bug valley within the former
Haivoron Raion (Kirovohrad Regional Council,
1999: p. 192), from the Syniukha–Dnipro
interfluve (Myrza-Sidenko, 2006), from the
Syniukha–Inhulets interfluve (Barmak, 2013),
and from Kropyvnytskyi (Korshinsky, 1894).
Regarding the latter record, Paczoski (2008)
noted that it was provided with no clear
evidence. Habitats of A. liliifolia are known
from Vinnytsia Oblast (Korshinsky, 1894;
Visjulina, 1961), but its occurrence in
Kirovohrad Oblast remains unconfirmed due
to mismatches between local environmental
conditions and the species’ ecological
requirements. The species’ range in lowland
Ukraine has declined markedly (Solomakha,
2016).
In the IUCN Red List, four species of the
region are classified as DD (Data Deficient),
including Ranunculus polyphyllus, which is
likely extinct, and one species is classified
as VU (Vulnerable). In addition, among the
unconfirmed species, Prunus klokovii and
Paeonia tenuifolia also have DD status.
Of the 95 species included in the Protection
List of Kirovohrad Oblast (Kirovohrad
Regional Council, 2018), our critical review
confirms only 79 (83.2 %) as part of the flora
of Kirovohrad Oblast. Moreover, within
this group, Adenophora liliifolia and Iris
aphylla are currently protected under the
Bern Convention, and Glycyrrhiza glabra is
included in the Red Book of Ukraine (Ministry
of Environmental Protection and Natural
Resources of Ukraine, 2021). Therefore, their
continued presence in the Protection List
of Kirovohrad Oblast (Kirovohrad Regional
Council, 2018) is likely unnecessary.
Most of the remaining species listed in
the Protection List of Kirovohrad Oblast
(Kirovohrad Regional Council, 2018) fully justify
their status as rare. Nevertheless, some of the
species must be removed from this list. Among
them are the alien species Acorus calamus and
Prunus mahaleb, which are not native to the
flora of the oblast. The problem of alien plants
being mistakenly included in conservation
lists has been addressed earlier (Shevera &
Protopopova, 2017). A number of species are
typical and fairly common components of
particular plant communities in Kirovohrad
Oblast – Asyneuma canescens, Inula helenium,
Linum hirsutum, Muscari neglectum, Prunus
fruticosa, and P. tenella – and therefore
their regional conservation status should be
reconsidered in the future.
The Protection List of Kirovohrad Oblast
(Kirovohrad Regional Council, 2018) also
includes Gagea hypanica Sobko, reported
from the Kropyvnytskyi (Arkushyna & Popova,
2002), and Syniukha–Inhulets interfluve
(Barmak, 2013). However, this taxon originally
described as an endemic of granite outcrops
in the Southern Buh valley (Sobko, 1971) is
currently treated as a synonym of G. bohemica
(Zauschn.) Schult. & Schult.f. (POWO, 2026)
and represents only a pubescent form of that
species.
Fourteen species (14.7 %) from the Protection
List of Kirovohrad Oblast (Kirovohrad Regional
Council, 2018) cannot be confirmed within
the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast, including the
already mentioned Adenophora liliifolia.
Dianthus carthusianorum L. was listed
for the flora of the Kirovohrad Oblast
(Kirovohrad Regional Council, 1999), evidently
in place of another species, since, even
in the broadest sense, the species occurs
only in Western Ukraine (Didukh, 2002).
Kleopov (1932) noted that he had seen a
46 Plant Introduction • 109
Shynder
specimen of D. carthusianorum collected
in 1895 by E. Lindemann in Yelisavetgrad
(now Kropyvnytskyi) deposited at the KW
herbarium. However, he also noted that this
record might involve a label mix-up.
Fragaria moschata Duchesne ex Weston
was reported from the vicinity of Onufriivka
(Kirovohrad Regional Council, 1999: p. 178)
and from the area near Petrove settlement
(Barmak, 2013). However, these records most
likely refer to tall forms of F. viridis Weston. The
confirmed range of F. moschata, a mesophytic
species, lies to the north of Kirovohrad Oblast
(Dobroczajeva, 1954).
Geum rivale L. has a confirmed range
north of Kirovohrad Oblast (Kotov, 1954),
and we have found no reliable evidence of its
occurrence here. In the suitable habitat where
this species could potentially grow (a swampy
area in Chornyi Lis), another, less hygrophilous
Geum species was recorded – G. aleppicum
Jacq. (Lindemann, 1867; Paczoski, 2008).
Limonium gmelini (Willd.) Kuntze
(= L. meyeri (Boiss.) Kuntze) was reported
from several doubtful localities, including
steppe near Kropyvnytskyi (Lindemann, 1867,
1882), Oleksandriia Raion (Parkhomenko &
Vasyliuk, 2022), and the former floodplain
of the Dnipro (Paczoski, 1915). However, its
natural range is restricted to the coastal zone
of the Black Sea, and no confirmed specimens
have been recorded from Kirovohrad Oblast
(Didukh, 2010a). Paczoski (2008) does not
list L. gmelini outside the former Kherson
Governorate.
Linum czernjajevii Klokov was indicated
for Kropyvnytskyi Raion without details
(Kucherevskyi, 2004), but there is no
confirmed evidence of its occurrence in the
oblast (Optasiuk & Shevera, 2011).
Muscari comosum (L.) Mill. (≡ Leopoldia
comosa (L.) Parl.) was reported from the
Syniukha basin (Güldenstädt, 1791), the vicinity
of Kropyvnytskyi (Lindemann, 1867, 1882), and
the Dolynsko-Pokrovskyi landscape reserve
(Barmak, 2013). However, Paczoski (1914) had
already referred the records by Güldenstädt
and Lindemann to M. tenuiflorum Tausch.
The confirmed range of M. comosum is
limited to the southwestern part of Ukraine
(Bordzilowski, 1950).
Ornithogalum fimbriatum Willd. was
reported from the Syniukha–Inhulets
interfluve (Barmak, 2013), but the nearest
confirmed locality is near Dnipro city
(Kucherevskyi, 2004).
Ornithogalum fischerianum Krasch. was
reported near Bobrynets (Kirovohrad Regional
Council, 1999; Barmak, 2013), but its confirmed
range does not extend into Kirovohrad
Oblast (Paczoski, 1914; Bordzilowski, 1950;
Kucherevskyi, 2004).
Polypodium interjectum Shivas was
included in the Protection List of Kirovohrad
Oblast (Kirovohrad Regional Council, 2018)
and also indicated for the Sinyukha-Ingulets
interfluve by Barmak (2013). The verified range
of P. interjectum includes Western Ukraine
and the Crimean Peninsula (Didukh, 2000;
Bezsmertna, 2011).
Rhaponticoides ruthenica (Lam.) M.V.Agab.
& Greuter (≡ Centaurea ruthenica Lam.) was
cited from Kropyvnytskyi and its environs
(Lindemann, 1867, 1881; Schmalhausen,
1897; Arkushyna & Popova, 2002; Barmak,
2013), from the former Ulianivka Raion
(Holovko & Kuzemko, 2012), and from the
former Novhorodkivka Raion (Barmak, 2013).
However, confirmed localities of this eastern
Pontic species in the Right-Bank Steppe
are restricted to the extreme south and to
Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Dobroczajeva, 1965;
Kucherevskyi, 2004).
Symphytum besseri Zaverucha
(= S. tuberosum L. s.l., S. microcalyx Opiz) was
reported for the forests Chornyi Lis and Chuta
in northern Kirovohrad Oblast (Kirovohrad
Regional Council, 1999; Sidenko, 2000). These
records evidently refer to S. tauricum Willd.,
which had already been reported earlier from
this area (Lindemann, 1868; Schmalhausen,
1897; Dobroczajeva, 1957; Paczoski, 2008), has
been confirmed recently (Baranets, 2021), and
respective specimens are deposited at the
KWU herbarium.
Trifolium pannonicum Jacq. has a confirmed
range in the Western Podillia Upland, Northern
Bukovyna, and the Carpathians (Visjulina, 1954;
Paczoski, 2008), far from Kirovohrad Oblast.
Valeriana rossica P.A.Smirn. was generally
listed for Kirovohrad Oblast (Kirovohrad
Regional Council, 1999), the former Uliianivka
Raion (Kuzyk & Biloshapka, 2005), and the
Sinyukha-Ingulets interfluve (Barmak, 2013).
However, confirmed habitats of this European–
Siberian species in Ukraine are known only
from Kharkiv and Sumy oblasts (Katina, 1961;
Fedoronchuk, 2023).
Plant Introduction • 109 47
Taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast
The present review has revealed a number
of shortcomings in the Protection List of
Kirovohrad Oblast (Kirovohrad Regional
Council, 2018). Formally, after excluding alien
plants, species with national or international
protection status, and species not confirmed
within the administrative region, only 74
species (77.9 %) from that list meet the stated
criteria. In our view, several wetland and
forest-margin species should be prioritised
for inclusion in a future edition of the
Protection List of Kirovohrad Oblast, as they
are currently threatened with extinction due
to ongoing climate change, or their previously
known localities have already vanished. Such
species include: Aconitum anthora, Arctium
nemorosum Lej., Campanula persicifolia L.,
Chaerophyllum prescottii DC., Menyanthes
trifoliata L., and Sanguisorba officinalis L.
Thus, we supplement the previously expressed
proposals for optimizing the list of regionally
rare plant species in Kirovohrad Oblast (Myrza-
Sidenko, 2006; Barmak, 2013; Vynokurov, 2014).
An unresolved issue concerns species that
are probably extinct in the flora of Kirovohrad
Oblast, such as Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull,
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) W.P.C.Barton,
Drosera rotundifolia L., Eriophorum latifolium
Hoppe, Monotropa hypopitys L., Orthilia
secunda (L.) House, and Pyrola chlorantha Sw.
These species require targeted searches
for extant localities and, in the long term, if
climatic conditions stabilise, may play a vital
role in the reintroduction.
In addition to species with current
protection status, several plants formerly
protected at the international or national level
deserve mention. The first version of the IUCN
Red List (Mosyakin, 1998) included Linaria
biebersteinii Besser and Trinia kitaibelii
M.Bieb. The first edition of the European Red
List (Economic Commission for Europe, 1991;
Sobko et al., 2002) listed Galium volhynicum
Pobed., Jacobaea borysthenica (DC.) B.Nord.
& Greuter (≡ Senecio borysthenicus (DC.)
Andrz. ex Czern.), Melica chrysolepis Klokov
(= M. × thuringiaca Rauschert s.l.), Tragopogon
ucrainicus Artemczuk, and Viola lavrenkoana
Klokov (= V. hymettia Boiss. & Heldr.). In 2018,
the Protection List of Kirovohrad Oblast
(Kirovohrad Regional Council, 2018) was
revised, with seven species with national
conservation status removed from it. However,
an additional separate “List of plant species
included in the Red Book of Ukraine and
occurring within the territory of Kirovohrad
Oblast” was established (Kirovohrad Regional
Council, 2018). In 2021, Salvinia natans
(L.) All. and Trapa natans L. were removed
from the Red Book of Ukraine (Ministry
of Environmental Protection and Natural
Resources of Ukraine, 2021). These two species
had previously also been included in the
annexes to the Bern Convention (EUNIS, 2011).
A critical assessment of the taxonomic
composition of rare plants in the flora of
Kirovohrad Oblast will help improve the
cadastral documentation of protected areas
and enable evaluations of the need to optimise
them. For example, it can be achieved by
protecting the habitats of rare species
currently underrepresented in the protected-
area network.
Rare plant species are often cultivated
in addition to their natural habitats. In
particular, woody species in park and forest
plantations, as well as ornamental perennials.
Several introduced rare woody plants, such
as Staphylea pinnata and Taxus baccata L.,
Torminalis glaberrima (Gand.) Sennikov
& Kurtto (= Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz)
sporadically grow in parks, with the largest
concentration in the state-level Dendrological
Park “Veseli Bokovenky” (Kirovohrad Regional
Council, 1999). Notably, Staphylea pinnata
was planted in shelterbelts in southern
Kirovohrad Oblast in the mid-20th century
(KW herbarium specimens), and likely also in
forest plantations, as evidenced by its recently
recorded spontaneous spread within an
artificial forest stand of the Hurivske Forestry
(Trotner, 2024). For Hurivske Forestry, the
only record of Vitis vinifera var. sylvestris in
Kirovohrad Oblast was reported (Kirovohrad
Regional Council, 1999). Therefore, there is
reason to assume that this species is not native
to the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast.
According to Arkushyna (2017), 22
ornamental rare plants are cultivated in
Kropyvnytskyi, including 18 native species
introduced into cultivation. Among them
Adonis vernalis, A. volgensis, Bulbocodium
versicolor, species of Crocus, Galanthus
elwesii Hook f., G. nivalis, Iris pontica, Paeonia
tenuifolia, Tulipa quercetorum, and others.
According to our observations, the following
rare plants are cultivated as ornamentals in
Blahovishchenske and its surroundings: Adonis
48 Plant Introduction • 109
Shynder
vernalis, A. volgensis, Clematis integrifolia,
Convallaria majalis, Galanthus elwesii Hook.f.,
G. nivalis, Dryopteris filix-mas, Iris graminea,
Ornithogalum boucheanum, O. orthophyllum
subsp. kochii, Sempervivum ruthenicum,
and Tulipa quercetorum. These and other
species are found in other settlements.
Notably, in cultivation on flower beds, Adonis
volgensis shows much better acclimation than
A. vernalis and readily self-seeds. Cultivation
of rare plants is an important conservation
measure, but only when plants originate from
introduced (cultivated) populations rather
than being taken from the wild (Pereboichuk
et al., 2021; Kostruba, 2024; Shynder et al.,
2025).
Conclusions
A critical evaluation of floristic data indicates
that the spontaneous flora of Kirovohrad
Oblast comprises 151 plant species and
subspecies with international, national, or
regional conservation status, representing
approximately 12.6 % of the native component
of flora. Rare species are concentrated mainly
in the forest-steppe part of the oblast (133
species). In total, 13 species with international
conservation status and 65 species listed
in the Red Book of Ukraine (Ministry of
Environmental Protection and Natural
Resources of Ukraine, 2021) are confirmed.
Several additional rare plant species not
previously known from the flora of Kirovohrad
Oblast have now been verified or clarified
(e.g., Cephalanthera damasonium, Eremogone
cephalotes, Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp.
savranica, and Viola alba).
A critical analysis of the Protection List
of Kirovohrad Oblast (Kirovohrad Regional
Council, 2018) reveals both conceptual and
factual shortcomings: only 79 species (83.2 %)
are actually confirmed for the oblast. A total
of 33 species previously reported as rare for
Kirovohrad Oblast are considered erroneous
or insufficiently verified. The Regional
List requires comprehensive revision and
harmonisation with the Red Book of Ukraine
and current international red lists. Priority
candidates for inclusion are wetland and
forest species, particularly vulnerable
to ongoing climate change and habitat
degradation.
Many rare species are also cultivated as
ornamental plants or components of park
plantations (e.g., Adonis vernalis, Paeonia
tenuifolia, Staphylea pinnata, Taxus baccata,
and Tulipa quercetorum). Such cultivation
can contribute to conservation only when
based on propagated material from existing
cultivated stocks.
Acknowledgements
The author sincerely thanks Liudmyla
Volodymyrivna Shynder for her many years
of assistance during field research; Dariia
Borovyk for joint field studies conducted
within the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast;
Olena Bondarenko for assistance with
examining the MSUD herbarium specimens;
and the anonymous reviewers for their
careful reading of the manuscript and
valuable suggestions.
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Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі
Кіровоградської області
Олександр Шиндер
Національний ботанічний сад імені М.М. Гришка НАН України, вул. Садово-Ботанічна 1, 01103 Київ,
Україна; shinderoleksandr@gmail.com
Кіровоградська область розташована на межі лісостепової і степової зон у центральному регіоні
України. Її рослинний покрив зазнав значної антропогенної трансформації. На основі польових
досліджень, проведених автором у 1994–2025 рр., критичного переосмислення опублікованих
даних та аналізу гербаріїв, здійснено оцінку таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин
флори Кіровоградської області. Загалом зафіксовано 151 дикорослий вид, які мають міжнародний,
національний та регіональний охоронний статус, що становить близько 12,6% від аборигенної
фракції флори області, оціненої у близько 1200 видів та підвидів. Серед них 5 видів мають пріоритетні
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3253710
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3253710
https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/
https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/
https://doi.org/10.31651/2076-5835-2018-1-2021-1-37-45
https://doi.org/10.31651/2076-5835-2018-1-2021-1-37-45
54 Plant Introduction • 109
Shynder
категорії охорони у Червоному списку МСОП, 9 видів включені до Оновленого Додатка I Бернської
конвенції, 65 видів занесені до Червоної книги України, а 79 видів занесені до Переліку видів судинних
рослин, які підлягають особливій охороні на території Кіровоградської області. Рідкісні рослини
розподілені по території нерівномірно: 80 видів виявлено у західній (лісостеповій), 118 – у північній
(лісостеповій) та 100 – у південній (степовій) частинах області; при цьому 133 види зосереджені в
межах Лісостепу, що свідчить про вищий рівень флористичного різноманіття саме в цій частині
регіону. На основі нових даних та попередніх публікацій вперше включено до переліку созофітів
Кіровоградської області такі види, як Cephalanthera damasonium, Eremogone cephalotes, Odontarrhena
tortuosa subsp. savranica та Viola alba. Критичний аналіз офіційного Переліку регіонально рідкісних
видів рослин показує, що не всі види відповідають критеріям потреби в охороні на регіональному
рівні. Частина видів, які наводилися як регіонально-рідкісні для Кіровоградської області, є
непідтвердженими у дослідженій флорі, два види є адвентивними, а 3 види мають національний чи
міжнародний охоронний статус. Загалом 33 рідкісних види наводилися для Кіровоградської області
помилково або без належного підтвердження. Запропоновано низку заходів щодо оптимізації
регіонального переліку видів, які потребують охорони в Кіровоградській області, зокрема, з увагою
до малопоширених лісових і водно-болотних гранично-ареальних видів, найбільш уразливих до
сучасних кліматичних змін. Наведено приклади культивування рідкісних рослин як додаткового
заходу охорони ex situ.
Ключові слова: флора, біорізноманіття, охорона, регіонально рідкісні види, Червона книга України, Бернська конвенція,
Лісостеп, Степ
|
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| institution | Plant Introduction |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-03-12T15:49:12Z |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| publisher | M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine |
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| spelling | oai:ojs2.plantintroduction.org:article-16912026-03-05T02:14:13Z Critical analysis of the taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі Кіровоградської області Shynder, Oleksandr Kirovohrad Oblast, located at the junction of the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones in central Ukraine, has undergone significant anthropogenic transformation. Based on field surveys conducted by us between 1994 and 2025, a critical reassessment of published data, and an analysis of herbarium collections, the taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast has been evaluated. In total, 151 spontaneous plant species with international, national, or regional conservation status were documented, representing ca. 12.6 % of the estimated local flora. Among them, five species have high-priority conservation categories in the IUCN Red List, nine species are included in the Revised Appendix I of the Bern Convention, 65 species are listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, and 79 species appear in the List of vascular plant species subjected to special protection in the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast. Rare plants are unevenly distributed across the region: 80 species occur in the western, 118 in the northern, and 100 in the southern (steppe) parts of the oblast, with 133 species restricted to the Forest-Steppe zone, indicating higher floristic diversity in this part of the region. Based on new data and earlier findings, several species have been included for the first time among the rare plants of Kirovohrad Oblast, including Cephalanthera damasonium, Eremogone cephalotes, Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. savranica, and Viola alba. A critical analysis of the List of vascular plant species subjected to special protection in the territory of Kirovohrad Oblast showed that not all species meet the criteria for regional-level protection. Some species listed as regionally rare in Kirovohrad Oblast are unconfirmed in the studied flora; two are alien, and three already have national or international conservation status. In total, 33 rare species have been erroneously or insufficiently justified as reported for Kirovohrad Oblast. Several proposals are offered to optimise the regional list of rare plants requiring protection in Kirovohrad Oblast, with special attention to the improved conservation of wetland and forest margin-range species, which are more vulnerable to present-day climate change. Examples of cultivating rare species are provided as an additional ex situ conservation measure. Кіровоградська область розташована на межі лісостепової і степової зон у центральному регіоні України. Її рослинний покрив зазнав значної антропогенної трансформації. На основі польових досліджень, проведених автором у 1994–2025 рр., критичного переосмислення опублікованих даних та аналізу гербаріїв, здійснено оцінку таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин флори Кіровоградської області. Загалом зафіксовано 151 дикорослий вид, які мають міжнародний, національний та регіональний охоронний статус, що становить близько 12,6% від аборигенної фракції флори області, оціненої у близько 1200 видів та підвидів. Серед них 5 видів мають пріоритетні категорії охорони у Червоному списку МСОП, 9 видів включені до Оновленого Додатка I Бернської конвенції, 65 видів занесені до Червоної книги України, а 79 видів занесені до Переліку видів судинних рослин, які підлягають особливій охороні на території Кіровоградської області. Рідкісні рослини розподілені по території нерівномірно: 80 видів виявлено у західній (лісостеповій), 118 – у північній (лісостеповій) та 100 – у південній (степовій) частинах області; при цьому 133 види зосереджені в межах Лісостепу, що свідчить про вищий рівень флористичного різноманіття саме в цій частині регіону. На основі нових даних та попередніх публікацій вперше включено до переліку созофітів Кіровоградської області такі види, як Cephalanthera damasonium, Eremogone cephalotes, Odontarrhena tortuosa subsp. savranica та Viola alba. Критичний аналіз офіційного Переліку регіонально рідкісних видів рослин показує, що не всі види відповідають критеріям потреби в охороні на регіональному рівні. Частина видів, які наводилися як регіонально-рідкісні для Кіровоградської області, є непідтвердженими у дослідженій флорі, два види є адвентивними, а 3 види мають національний чи міжнародний охоронний статус. Загалом 33 рідкісних види наводилися для Кіровоградської області помилково або без належного підтвердження. Запропоновано низку заходів щодо оптимізації регіонального переліку видів, які потребують охорони в Кіровоградській області, зокрема, з увагою до малопоширених лісових і водно-болотних гранично-ареальних видів, найбільш уразливих до сучасних кліматичних змін. Наведено приклади культивування рідкісних рослин як додаткового заходу охорони ex situ. M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine 2026-03-04 Article Article application/pdf https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1691 10.46341/PI2025027 Plant Introduction; No 109 (2026): Early view; 35-54 Інтродукція Рослин; № 109 (2026): Early view; 35-54 2663-290X 1605-6574 en https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1691/1585 Copyright (c) 2026 Oleksandr Shynder http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | Shynder, Oleksandr Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі Кіровоградської області |
| title | Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі Кіровоградської області |
| title_alt | Critical analysis of the taxonomic composition of rare vascular plants in the flora of Kirovohrad Oblast |
| title_full | Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі Кіровоградської області |
| title_fullStr | Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі Кіровоградської області |
| title_full_unstemmed | Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі Кіровоградської області |
| title_short | Критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі Кіровоградської області |
| title_sort | критичний аналіз таксономічного складу рідкісних судинних рослин у флорі кіровоградської області |
| url | https://www.plantintroduction.org/index.php/pi/article/view/1691 |
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