БІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР
The process of nitrogen fixation and N2O emission in the system “soil – plant” was studied in the conditions of field stationary experiment on leached black soil when growing crops in short rotation crop succession (potato – barley – peas – winter wheat) in case of different fertilization systems an...
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| Datum: | 2015 |
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| Sprache: | Englisch Ukrainisch |
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Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2015
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| Online Zugang: | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/131 |
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| Назва журналу: | Agriciltural microbiology |
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Agriciltural microbiology| _version_ | 1871465401010880512 |
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| author | Волкогон, В. В. Дімова, С. Б. Волкогон, К. І. Токмакова, Л. М. Журба, М. А. Халеп, Ю. М. Штанько, Н. П. Луценко, Н. В. |
| author_facet | Волкогон, В. В. Дімова, С. Б. Волкогон, К. І. Токмакова, Л. М. Журба, М. А. Халеп, Ю. М. Штанько, Н. П. Луценко, Н. В. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "В. В. Волкогон",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "С. Б. Дімова",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "К. І. Волкогон",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "Л. М. Токмакова",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "М. А. Журба",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "Ю. М. Халеп",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "Н. П. Штанько",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
},
{
"author": "Н. В. Луценко",
"institution": "Інститут сільськогосподарської мікробіології та агропромислового виробництва НААН"
}
] |
| author_sort | Волкогон, В. В. |
| baseUrl_str | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T10:10:42Z |
| description | The process of nitrogen fixation and N2O emission in the system “soil – plant” was studied in the conditions of field stationary experiment on leached black soil when growing crops in short rotation crop succession (potato – barley – peas – winter wheat) in case of different fertilization systems and application of microbial agents. Using directivity indexes of processes of nitrogen biological transformation in agrocoenosis and economic calculations an environmental and economic rationale for fertilization was composed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.35868/1997-3004.22.13-29 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:23:18Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CROPS FERTILIZING SYSTEMS
V. V. Volkohon, S. B. Dimova, K. I. Volkohon, L. M. Tokmakova,
M. A. Zhurba, Y. M. Halep, N. P. Shtanko, N. V. Lutsenko
Rational fertilizing system is a basic element
in the formation of optimal soil agroecological
features (trophic, sanitary, etc.), their stable
fertility, obtaining high level of productivity and
quality of crop production. But the existing
fertilizing systems are aimed mainly at restoring
the productive (trophic) functions and do not
fully take into account agroecological functions
of soils, the laws of their change under the
influence of fertilizers.
In this regard, topical is the grounding of
fertilizing systems, the use of which provides, on
the one hand, a sufficient level of performance of
agrocoenosis and the disclosure of bioproductive
potential of crops, and on the other – contributes
to increasing of environmental sustainability,
obtaining biologically valuable harvest and
preserving the environment. Solving these
problems is possible by taking into account not
only agrochemical, but biological indicators that
comprehensively characterize the direction of
soil processes under the influence of fertilizers.
This started to be paid attention recently,
with the advent of numerous soil state problems,
sharp decline of humus content and fertility in
general, water pollution and so on. Particular
attention is paid to such macroelement as
nitrogen, due to the fact that nitrogen fertilizers
are, on the one hand, one of the most powerful
factors of influence on the formation of crop
productivity and the synthesis of amino acids and
proteins, and on the other – the source of nitrates
capable of accumulation in crops and flowing to
groundwater and surface water in concentrations
harmful to humans and the environment in
general. Moreover, the excessive amount of
nitrates in the soil leads to greater emission of
N2O which relates to greenhouse gases.
Today the calculations of amounts of
nitrogen fertilizers, required for a specific crop
growing technology, are often made on the
planned yield based on the results of previous soil
diagnosis and coefficients of use of active
ingredient from fertilizers by plants. There are
different versions of this method, which take into
account regulatory costs on yield formation, soil
agrochemical indexes, possible coefficients of
assimilation of fertilizers by plants, after-effect of
fertilizing of previous in rotation crops, nitrogen
content in crop debris etc., but their principle
essence is to assess element removal with
planned harvest [1-3].
In case of 100% use of fertilizers by
cultivated plants the method would be ideal. But
given the low level of assimilation of active
ingredient from fertilizers by plants [4; 5], the use
of these methodological approaches leads to
planning the greater part of calculated norms for
environmental pollution.
In this regard, the Institute of Agricultural
Microbiology and Agroindustrial Manufacture of
NAAS grounded methodological principles and
developed the method for determination of
physiologically appropriate norms of nitrogen
fertilizers (they can be equated with
environmentally acceptable) [6; 7], based on
consideration of peculiarities of the process of
nitrogen fixation and N2O emissions in
agrocoenosis under various agrochemical load.
Having defined nitrogen fixation activity in
dynamics during the growing season and having
compared with the performance of the control
variant (without fertilizing), appropriate can be
considered the norms, the use of which will not
reduce the studied indicator. An additional
criterion for environmental regulation of nitrogen
fertilizers are N2O emission indicators. Norms of
phosphate and potash fertilizers thus can be
calculated by the well-known principle of
balancing to the level of determined nitrogen
ones.
Complete correction of norms of nitrogen
fertilizer required for complete crops production
process can also bring the use of microbial agents
in agricultural technologies, since their use
promotes the growth of coefficients of
assimilation of active ingredient from fertilizers
by plants. [8]
The objective of this study is the justification
of crops fertilizing systems in case of
complementation of agrochemical solutions by
the results of biological tests.
Materials and methods. The study was
conducted during 2012-2015 in the stationary
field experiment on black leached light-loamy
soil on loess-like sediments (rHsol – 5.30, humus
content – 2.12%, slightly-hydrolized nitrogen –
95.2 mg/kg, phosphorus mobile forms (P2O5) –
226 mg/kg (by Chyrikov), exchangeable
potassium (K2O) – 108 mg/kg (according to
Kirsanov)) of research field of the Institute of
Agricultural Microbiology and Agroindustrial
Manufacture of NAAS (short-rotation crop
succession) as follows:
Crop
succession
Fertilizing system
1. Potatoes; Without fertilizer
(control);
2. Spring
barley;
Organic (manure);
3. Peas; Mineral low;
4. Winter
wheat.
Mineral average;
The same –
with
inoculation
Mineral intensive;
Organic and mineral.
In case of organic fertilizer system in crop
succession manure was applied at the rate of 40
t/ha once per rotation before autumn ploughing
(for potatoes).
Mineral fertilizer systems included the use
of nitrogen, phosphate and potash fertilizers at
the rate of 40, 80 and 120 kg/ha of active
ingredient for potatoes; fertilizers were used in
the doses of 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha for peas, barley,
and wheat.
Organic and mineral system of crop
fertilization included the application of manure at
the rate of 40 t/ha and mineral fertilizers (80
kg/ha of nitrogen, P2O5 and K2O) once per
rotation (for potatoes). For the following crops in
rotation – barley and wheat, the after-manure
effect in combination with the effect of mineral
fertilizers applied in high doses, for peas – in low
ones, was studied.
Microbial agents Biohran (TU U
24.1-00497360-006:2009) for potatoes,
Ryzohumin (TU U 24.1-00497360-003:2007) for
peas, Mikrohumin (TU U
24.1-00497360-007:2009) for barley and
Polimiksobakteryn (TU u
24.1-00497360-004:2009) for winter wheat were
used for inoculation.
Research plot area – 86.4 m2 (7.2 x 12.0) the
repetition of the experiment is quadruple.
In rhisospheric plant soil the potential
activity of nitrogen fixation and N2O emission
processes was studied in dynamics [9]. Harvest
recording was implemented, specific quality
products parameters were determined.
Comparative economic evaluation of
technologies was conducted by the following
criteria: costs, revenue from sales and profit at the
rate of 1 ha of crop rotation area, the level of
manufacture profitability, the cost of 1 ton of
grain crops, return of extra costs by extra profit.
The calculations of process and expenditure
parts were done on a methodical basis [10; 11]
taking into account the specific features of
studied technologies and resource provision.
Prices for resources and agricultural products
were accepted at the rate of average actual for
2014.
The comparison of the results of
environmental diagnosis and economic
calculations allows to ground the feasibility of
crop fertilizing systems in the experiment.
Therefore, organic fertilizing system, in case
of which the optimization of agronomically
valuable microbial communities and the course
of processes they carry out is observed, is
advisable to be considered feasible. The
efficiency of microbial agent in the year of
manure application is largely offsetted. The use
of pre-seed bacterization of the following in
rotation crops, in case of their cultivation on the
background of manure after-effect, is highly
effective.
Low mineral fertilization system ensures
environmental requirements as for the state of
agrocenoces and the highest economic
performance among the studied systems with the
use of mineral fertilizers. Costs return, incurred
under these conditions for the use of biological
agents, is the highest. But barley growing is
economically unprofitable even in case of low
mineral fertilization system, so low mineral
fertilization should be combined with pre-seed
bacterization for this crop that can increase
manufacture profitability.
Average mineral fertilization system as a
whole meets the environmental requirements as
for the state of agrocoenosis, but in view of
economic performance it needs clarification. In
particular, on black leached soil it is appropriate
to use N80P80K80 for potatoes, grow barley on the
background of N30P30K30, apply N30P30K30 for
peas and to use the norms of fertilizers that do not
exceed N60P60K60 while growing winter wheat.
For these agricultural backgrounds it is
recommended to apply microbial agents.
Using the studied organic and mineral
fertilization system an unfavourable ecological
situation is formed in agrocoenosis, indicating
the need for a significant reduction of mineral
nitrogen in it.
Intensive mineral fertilization system does
not meet environmental requirements and shows
the lowest economic indicators. Due to this we do
not recommend its use.
|
| id | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-131 |
| institution | Agriciltural microbiology |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:01:26Z |
| publishDate | 2015 |
| publisher | Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | smicinua/d1/b33f23e6d6cadc7a517e97e37f96ffd1.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-1312026-07-22T10:10:42Z BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CROPS FERTILIZING SYSTEMS БІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР Волкогон, В. В. Дімова, С. Б. Волкогон, К. І. Токмакова, Л. М. Журба, М. А. Халеп, Ю. М. Штанько, Н. П. Луценко, Н. В. fertilization systems, nitrogen fixation activity, N2O emission системи удобрення, активність азотфіксації, емісія N2O The process of nitrogen fixation and N2O emission in the system “soil – plant” was studied in the conditions of field stationary experiment on leached black soil when growing crops in short rotation crop succession (potato – barley – peas – winter wheat) in case of different fertilization systems and application of microbial agents. Using directivity indexes of processes of nitrogen biological transformation in agrocoenosis and economic calculations an environmental and economic rationale for fertilization was composed. В умовах польового стаціонарного досліду на чорноземі вилуженому при вирощуванні сільськогосподарських культур у короткоротаційній сівозміні (картопля – ячмінь ярий – горох – пшениця озима) за різних систем удобрення і застосування мікробних препаратів досліджено перебіг процесів азотфіксації та емісії N2O в системі «ґрунт – рослина». За використання показників спрямованості процесів біологічної трансформації азоту в агроценозах та економічних розрахунків проведено еколого-економічне обґрунтування доцільності систем удобрення. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2015-12-29 Article Article Рецензована Стаття application/pdf application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/131 10.35868/1997-3004.22.13-29 Agricultural microbiology; Vol. 22 (2015): Agriciltural microbiology; 13-29 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 22 (2015): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 13-29 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.22 en uk https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/131/148 https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/131/149 Авторське право (c) 2015 V. V. Volkohon, S. B. Dimova, K. I. Volkohon, L. M. Tokmakova, M. A. Zhurba, Y. M. Halep, N. P. Shtanko, N. V. Lutsenko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | системи удобрення активність азотфіксації емісія N2O Волкогон, В. В. Дімова, С. Б. Волкогон, К. І. Токмакова, Л. М. Журба, М. А. Халеп, Ю. М. Штанько, Н. П. Луценко, Н. В. БІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР |
| title | БІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР |
| title_alt | BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CROPS FERTILIZING SYSTEMS |
| title_full | БІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР |
| title_fullStr | БІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР |
| title_full_unstemmed | БІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР |
| title_short | БІОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ СИСТЕМ УДОБРЕННЯ СІЛЬСЬКОГОСПОДАРСЬКИХ КУЛЬТУР |
| title_sort | біологічні аспекти систем удобрення сільськогосподарських культур |
| topic | системи удобрення активність азотфіксації емісія N2O |
| topic_facet | fertilization systems nitrogen fixation activity N2O emission системи удобрення активність азотфіксації емісія N2O |
| url | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/131 |
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