УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ, УДОБРЕННЯ ТА БІОПРЕПАРАТІВ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ
The paper presents the results of microbial preparation Rhizohumin effects both individually and in combination with the plant growth regulators Biolan and Biosil on productivity of soybeans of Medeya variety under different fertilization background and soil tillage. Higher level of productivity and...
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Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine
2013
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| author | Григор’єва , О.М. |
| author_facet | Григор’єва , О.М. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "О.М. Григор’єва ",
"institution": "�іровоградська державна сільськогосподарська дослідна станція Інституту сільського господарства степової зони НААН"
}
] |
| author_sort | Григор’єва , О.М. |
| baseUrl_str | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-22T10:10:44Z |
| description | The paper presents the results of microbial preparation Rhizohumin effects both individually and in combination with the plant growth regulators Biolan and Biosil on productivity of soybeans of Medeya variety under different fertilization background and soil tillage. Higher level of productivity and high economic efficiency indices were obtained on the natural background with plowing and seeds inoculation with Rhizohumin and Biolan with subsequent crops treatment with Biosil. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.35868/1997-3004.17.138-147 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T12:24:29Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SOYBEAN DEPENDING ON
TILLAGE, FERTILIZERS AND BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS
APPLICATION IN NORTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE
Grigorieva O. M.
Kirovograd State Agricultural Experimental Station of the Institute of Agriculture of
the Steppe Zone of NAAS of Ukraine
2, Tsentralna str., Sozonivka, Kirovograd region, 27602, Ukraine
E-mail: grigorjeva_elena@mail.ru
The paper presents the results of microbial preparation Rhizohumin effects
both individually and in combination with the plant growth regulators Biolan and
Biosil on productivity of soybeans of Medeya variety under different fertilization
background and soil tillage. Higher level of productivity and high economic
efficiency indices were obtained on the natural background with plowing and seeds
inoculation with Rhizohumin and Biolan with subsequent crops treatment with Biosil.
Keywords: soybean, inoculation, Rhizohumin, Biolan, Biosil, plowing, disking,
mineral fertilizers.
The successful cultivation of any crop includes not only aspects of its
economic efficiency but the production methods as well as rational utilization of tools
required for creating of optimal growing conditions in agrocenosis. Thus, the growing
technology should include a set of consecutive operations aimed on high yields based
on the biological characteristics of the plant development stages. Recently, in many
countries, despite the wide possibilities of application of agrochemicals in crops
cultivation, the priority is given to the use of microbial preparations.
Lack of plant protein, agriculture focusing on sustainability and
environmentally reasonable production, high cost of mineral and organic fertilizers
determine the increasing interest in leguminous plants [1]. Legumes are an
inexhaustible source of soil enrichment with nitrogen compounds via the nitrogen
fixing symbiosis of nodule bacteria with plants and, therefore, are of great agronomic
importance. Cultivation of leguminous crops reduces the agricultural production costs
due to fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, improvement of phytosanitary conditions of
crops and significant increase of arable soil productivity [2].
Soybeans hold a leading position among the cultivated legume plants. Since its
cultivation areas in Ukraine are continuously growing, they include new fields where
it had never been cultivated. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to ensure the
presence of active strains of rhizobia in the soil by pre-sowing inoculation of soybean
seeds. For this purpose the biological preparation Rhizohumin, created on the basis of
selected strains of rhizobia and physiologically active substances of biological origin,
is widely used nowadays [3].
Effective and efficient use of fertilizers, optimization soybeans nutrition due to
the application of advanced biological preparations is one of the priority measures
that can provide a guaranteed and competitive production of soybeans. Therefore,
studying the effectiveness of pre-sowing seeds inoculation combined with the
stimulation of plant growth and development when grown under different fertilization
and tillage systems on soybean productivity has an important practical significance
and relevance.
Materials and methods. The study of complex biological effects of pre-
sowing seed treatment and spraying of crops grown on different mineral fertilization
backgrounds and at various tillage methods used on productivity of soybean in
unstable moistening conditions of Northern Steppe of Ukraine were carried out in
field experiments on three-factor scheme (Table 1).
Two main tillage ways of – plowing (depth 25–27 cm) and disking (depth 12–
14 cm) were used. The fertilization scheme used was as following: 1 – no fertilizer, 2
– N20P20K20; 3 – N40P40K40. Each system had variants with and without pre-sowing
seeds treatment with biological preparation Rhizohuminom at a dose of 200 grams
per hectare of seed rate, both separately and in combination with growth regulator
Biolan, 20 ml/t. Crops spraying with growth regulators Biolan and Biosil (20 ml/ha)
was performed during the budding development stage of soybeans. Soybean variety –
Medeya.
Predecessor crop for soybean was spring barley. Cultivation technology, except
for the studied factors, was common for the area. Experiments setup, observation and
recording, as well as sampling was carried out in accordance to the field experiments
methods by B. A. Dospehov [4].
Seed inoculation was performed on the day of sowing by conventional method
using bacterial preparations and manufacturer’s recommendations [5].
Experimental fields of Kirovograd State Agricultural Experimental Station of
the Institute of Agriculture of the Steppe Zone of NAAS of Ukraine are located in
chernozem zone of Northern Steppe subzone of Right-bank territories of Ukraine in
subzone of ordinary and deep chernozems.
Experiments were performed on ordinary chernozem medium-humic heavily
loamy with high humus content – 4.69 %, low levels of hydrolyzed nitrogen – 13.7
mg/100 g, medium levels of mobile phosphorus and high levels of exchangeable
potassium – 10.0 and 15,1 mg/100 g soil, respectively. Acidity level is close to
neutral (pHsalt = 5.9).
Weather conditions had varied both in moisture and temperature conditions
during the studies (Fig. 1).
The growing season in 2012 was significantly warmer than 2011 and mean
levels, insufficient rainfall and had resulted in a lower yield. In 2011 during the
maximum demand of soybean plants for moisture its levels in meter and arable soil
layers was sufficient (according to the scale of assessment of levels of productive
moisture needs of crops). In July, the rainfall deficit was 24 mm (33%), in August –
33 mm (69%), in September – 29 mm (76%) compared to the long-term mean
performance.
During the 2012 growing season the 181.9 mm of rain had fell, while long-
term mean value was 233 mm. The summer-like hot weather had prevailed in May.
The average daily temperature for the month had exceed the long-term mean values
by 5.1 °C with rainfall deficit was 20.5 mm or 97.2 %. In June, 31.7 mm of rain had
fell, which is only 48.0% of the norm. It should be noted, that during the flowering
stage there were almost no moisture in a meter soil layer. In July, there was a 45.7%
of normal precipitation fell in a single day as hail, causing significant damage to
soybean plants and influencing the crop productivity. Hydrothermal coefficient
during the vegetation season was 0.49 at long-term mean level of 1.00.
FIGURE 1. Agrometeorological conditions, 2011–2012.
Results and discussion. Productivity is the main criteria that allows
effectiveness evaluation of various techniques aimed on improvement of crops
growing conditions. As it was shown in our studies, application of Rhizohumin for
seeds inoculation in the technologies of soybeans cultivation, both separately and in
combination with plant growth regulators, on different backgrounds of mineral
nutrition and under the different soil tillage systems had provided better conditions
for nitrogen fixation, relatively high seed production and high quality output if
compared to the control variants without treatment .
In 2011 in variants with plowing, used for soil preparation, the higher yield of
soybean was received both in variants without fertilizers and on N20P20K20
background at pre-sowing seeds treatment with complex microbial preparation
Rhizohumin followed by crops spraying with plant growth regulator Biosil and at
combined use of Rhizohumin + Biolan (20 ml/t) + Biosil (20 ml/ha) – 3.26 &
3.32 t/ha and 3.33 & 3.33 t/ha, respectively, which is on 0,55 t/ha (20.3 %), 0.61 t/ha
(22.5 %) and 0.62 t/ha (22.9 t/ha) higher if compared to absolute control (without
fertilizers and inoculation) (Table 1).
The significant increase in yield was obtained at N40P40K40 background with
Rhizohumin use in composition with Biosil – 3.30 t/ha, which is 0,37 t/ha higher if
compared to this experimental block control and 0.59 t/ha – to the absolute control.
Disking on backgrounds without fertilizers and at N20P20K20 application the
higher soybean yields were obtained in variants with pre-sowing seeds inoculation
with Rhizohumin followed by crops spraying with plant growth regulator Biolan –
3.07 and 3.11 t/ha, respectively, which is 0,49 t/ha or 19.0 % and 0.53 t/ha or 23.4 %
higher if compared to absolute control.
TABLE 1. Soybeans yield influenced by biological preparations
under different fertilization and tillage systems
Soil tillage
(factor A)
Fertilization
background
(factor B)
Biological
preparations
(factor C)
Years of study
2011 2012 Mean
1 2 3 4 5 6
Pl
ow
in
g
Without
fertilizers –
control
Without
treatment 2,71 1,08 1,90
Rhizohumin 3,18 1,10 2,14
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan 3,23 1,22 2,23
Rhizohumin
+ Biosil 3,26 1,08 2,17
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan +
Biosil
3,32 1,18 2,25
Mean by fertilization
background 3,14 1,13 2,14
N20P20K20
Without
treatment 3,00 1,10 2,05
Rhizohumin 3,23 1,14 2,19
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan 3,25 1,17 2,21
Rhizohumin
+ Biosil 3,33 1,12 2,23
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan +
Biosil
3,33 1,09 2,21
Mean by fertilization
background 3,23 1,12 2,18
N40P40K40
Without
treatment 2,93 1,13 2,03
Rhizohumin 3,20 1,15 2,18
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan 3,00 1,19 2,10
Rhizohumin
+ Biosil 3,30 1,27 2,29
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan +
Biosil
3,16 1,28 2,22
Mean by fertilization
background 3,12 1,20 2,16
Mean by tillage system 3,16 1,15 2,16
TABLE CONTINUED 1.
1 2 3 4 5 6
D
is
ki
ng
Without
fertilizers –
control
Without
treatment 2,58 1,08 1,83
Rhizohumin 2,96 1,13 2,05
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan 3,07 1,23 2,15
Rhizohumin
+ Biosil 2,72 0,96 1,84
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan +
Biosil
2,94 1,04 1,99
Mean by fertilization
background 2,85 1,09 1,97
N20P20K20
Without
treatment 2,52 1,05 1,79
Rhizohumin 3,08 1,12 2,10
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan 3,11 1,11 2,11
Rhizohumin
+ Biosil 2,78 1,15 1,97
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan +
Biosil
2,96 1,27 2,12
Mean by fertilization
background 2,89 1,14 2,02
N40P40K40
Without
treatment 2,89 1,13 2,01
Rhizohumin 3,10 1,11 2,11
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan 2,93 1,24 2,09
Rhizohumin
+ Biosil 2,82 1,15 1,99
Rhizohumin
+ Biolan +
Biosil
3,01 1,25 2,13
Mean by fertilization
background 2,95 1,18 2,07
Mean by tillage system 2,90 1,14 2,02
LCD05 factor A
LCD05 factor B
LCD05 factor C
НІР05 ABC
0,01
0,02
0,02
0,05
0,02
0,03
0,03
0,08
In 2012, at plowing to a depth of 25-27 cm (primary tillage method), a higher
yield of soybean on background without fertilizers and N20P20K20 application was
received in variants with combined application of Rhizohumin and Biolan – 1.22 and
1.17 t/ha, that was significantly higher if compared to the control – on 0.14 and 0.09
t/ha, respectively. In variants with N40P40K40 fertilizers application the best yields
were obtained at combined use of Rhizohumin + Biosil and Rhizohumin in
combination with Biolan + Biosil – 1.27 and 1.28 t/ha, or 17.6 and 18.5 % higher
than in the reference variants (without fertilizer and pre-sowing seeds inoculation),
respectively.
Disking to a depth of 12–14 cm a higher soybean yield was obtained on the
background without fertilizers in variants with pre-sowing seeds inoculation with
Rhizohumin followed by crops spraying with growth regulator Biolan – 1.23 t/ha, if
compared to 1.08 t/ha in control. Fall application of N20P20K20 and N40P40K40 at main
tillage had significantly increased the yield obtained in variants with combined
application of Rhizohumin and growth regulators Biolan (20 ml/m) + Biosil
(20 ml/ha) – 1.27 and 1.25 t/ha, correspondingly to backgrounds. Increment to the
absolute control (without application of biological preparations or chemical
fertilizers) was 0.20 t/ha or 18.7 % and 0.18 t/ha or 16.8 %, respectively (Fig. 2).
FIGURE 2. Productivity indices influenced by various technological factors,
the average for 2011–2012.
Based on the data obtained during both experimental years and two-year mean
values, it was established that deep tillage had promoted significant increase of
soybean yield: in 2011 – from 2.90 t/ha in variants with disking to 3.16 t/ha in
variants with plowing. Correspondingly, in 2012 those values had ranged from 1.14
to 1.15 t/ha and mean for two years had ranged from 2.02 to 2.16 t/ha.
It was established that on average increment of soybean yield during 2011 –
2012 in variants with biological preparations was 0.20–0.39 t/ha or 10.5–20.5 % on
plowed soils and 0.14–0.32 t/ha or 7.7–17.5 % – on the ones that were disked.
The highest protein content in soybeans in variants with plowing tillage system
on both natural background and application of 40 kg/ha of fertilizer was received for
plants inoculated with Rhizohumin in combination with growth regulator Biolan –
41.57 and 42.47 %, respectively, at 40.69 % parameter value in absolute control. At
disking the maximum values were obtained on the background without fertilizer at
use of the same biological preparations – 42.00 %, which was 3.47 % higher if
compared to the control (Fig. 3).
FIGURE 3. Protein content in soybeans seeds, the average for 2011–2012.
The calculations of economic efficiency of biological preparations in the
technologies of soybeans cultivation had shown that it is economically viable and
feasible. However, due to the high fertilizers price the higher indices both in variants
with plowing and disking tillage systems were obtained on the backgrounds without
fertilization. Depending on application variants of biological preparations the best
values for net operating profit were obtained for plowing tillage system – 6 131–
6 553 UAH/ha with profitability level 215–226 %. Cost of 1 ton of soybean output at
the same time had decreased on 8.7–12.0 %. Use of disking instead of plowing had
resulted in decrease of these parameters to 4 908–5 766 UAH / ha, or 174–215 % of
level profitability and cost of 1 ton 5.1–11.8 %, respectively.
Thus, it was shown that pre-sowing seed inoculation is a mandatory
agricultural technology, which provides a substantial yield increase and improvement
of quality parameters of soybeans in combination with plant growth regulators. In
order to obtain the best results at soybeans cultivation in dry conditions of the
Northern Steppe region of Ukraine it is recommended to use complex microbial
preparation Rhizohumin in combination with growth regulators Biolan + Biosil with
plowing on natural fertilization background that in average during 2011–2012 had
ensured gaining of additional 0.35 tons/ha or 18.4 % of output. At soybeans growing
with disking used for soil preparation the application of biological preparation
Rhizohumin, 200 grams per hectare of seed rate + Biolan (20 ml/ha), was shown to
be the most effective. The soybean yield at this was 2.15 t/ha, which is 0.32 t/ha or
17.5 % higher if compared to the control without treatment.
|
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| institution | Agriciltural microbiology |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English Ukrainian |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-23T01:06:49Z |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publisher | Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | smicinua/c3/345509f37705d7dfde735fa866ee29c3.pdf |
| spelling | oai:ojs2.smic.in.ua:article-2092026-07-22T10:10:44Z PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SOYBEAN DEPENDING ON TILLAGE, FERTILIZERS AND BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS APPLICATION IN NORTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ, УДОБРЕННЯ ТА БІОПРЕПАРАТІВ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ Григор’єва , О.М. soybean, inoculation, Rhizohumin, Biolan, Biosil, plowing, disking, mineral fertilizers соя, інокуляція, Ризогумін, Біолан, Біосил, оранка, дискування, мінеральні добрива The paper presents the results of microbial preparation Rhizohumin effects both individually and in combination with the plant growth regulators Biolan and Biosil on productivity of soybeans of Medeya variety under different fertilization background and soil tillage. Higher level of productivity and high economic efficiency indices were obtained on the natural background with plowing and seeds inoculation with Rhizohumin and Biolan with subsequent crops treatment with Biosil. Наведено результати досліджень впливу на продуктивність сої сорту Медея мікробного препарату Ризогуміну як окремо, так і в комбінації з регуляторами росту рослин Біолан та Біосил при вирощуванні культури за різних систем удобрення та основного обробітку ґрунту. Вищий рівень урожайності та високі показники економічної ефективності отримали на природному фоні за оранки при використанні для інокуляції насіння Ризогуміну з Біоланом та наступному обприскуванні посівів Біосилом. Institute of Agrocultural Microbiology and Agro-industrial Manufacture of NAAS of Ukraine 2013-10-01 Article Article Рецензована Стаття application/pdf application/pdf https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/209 10.35868/1997-3004.17.138-147 Agricultural microbiology; Vol. 17 (2013): Agriciltural microbiology; 138-147 Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; Том 17 (2013): Сільськогосподарська мікробіологія; 138-147 1997-3004 10.35868/1997-3004.17 en uk https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/209/297 https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/209/298 Авторське право (c) 2013 O. M. Grigorieva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | соя інокуляція Ризогумін Біолан Біосил оранка дискування мінеральні добрива Григор’єва , О.М. УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ, УДОБРЕННЯ ТА БІОПРЕПАРАТІВ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title | УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ, УДОБРЕННЯ ТА БІОПРЕПАРАТІВ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_alt | PRODUCTIVITY AND GRAIN QUALITY OF SOYBEAN DEPENDING ON TILLAGE, FERTILIZERS AND BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS APPLICATION IN NORTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE |
| title_full | УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ, УДОБРЕННЯ ТА БІОПРЕПАРАТІВ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_fullStr | УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ, УДОБРЕННЯ ТА БІОПРЕПАРАТІВ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_full_unstemmed | УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ, УДОБРЕННЯ ТА БІОПРЕПАРАТІВ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_short | УРОЖАЙНІСТЬ ТА ЯКІСТЬ ЗЕРНА СОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД ОБРОБІТКУ ҐРУНТУ, УДОБРЕННЯ ТА БІОПРЕПАРАТІВ В УМОВАХ ПІВНІЧНОГО СТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ |
| title_sort | урожайність та якість зерна сої залежно від обробітку ґрунту, удобрення та біопрепаратів в умовах північного степу україни |
| topic | соя інокуляція Ризогумін Біолан Біосил оранка дискування мінеральні добрива |
| topic_facet | soybean inoculation Rhizohumin Biolan Biosil plowing disking mineral fertilizers соя інокуляція Ризогумін Біолан Біосил оранка дискування мінеральні добрива |
| url | https://smic.in.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/209 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT grigorêvaom productivityandgrainqualityofsoybeandependingontillagefertilizersandbiologicalpreparationsapplicationinnorthernsteppeofukraine AT grigorêvaom urožajnístʹtaâkístʹzernasoízaležnovídobrobítkugruntuudobrennâtabíopreparatívvumovahpívníčnogostepuukraíni |