Оцінка інфільтраційних та трансмісійних тепловтрат будівель

• Дата: 2025
• Автори: Dekusha, Oleg, Kovtun, Svitlana, Antypov, Yevhen, Gorobets, Valerii, Tsapenko, Valentyn, Riabikov, Artem
• Формат: Стаття
• Мова: English
• Опубліковано: General Energy Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2025
• Теми: повітропроникність; енергоефективність; герметичність; огороджувальні конструкції; інфільтраційні тепловтрати; трансмісійні тепловтрати; тепловізійне обстеження.
• Онлайн доступ: https://systemre.org/index.php/journal/article/view/927
• Назва журналу: System Research in Energy

Reducing heat loss in buildings is a critically important task in the context of increasing energy efficiency and complying with modern environmental standards, particularly given the rising cost of energy resources. The aim of this study is comprehensive assessment of infiltration and transmission heat losses, taking into account the influence of external factors and the structural features of buildings. To achieve this, numerical modeling of thermal processes, analytical calculations, and experimental methods were used, such as thermographic analysis and airtightness measurements. Based on the analysis of the obtained geometric parameters and thermophysical material properties, a calculation of heat losses through wall, window, and door structures was performed, specifically considering external factors such as wind speed, atmospheric pressure, and temperature differences. The study found that infiltration heat losses are highly dependent on the airtightness of the building envelope and can account for 10–15 % of total losses. The investigation of heat loss through windows confirmed the need to improve regulatory approaches for assessing their heat transfer. It was established that calculations based on current standards which affects up to 25 %, which affects the accuracy of energy audits. Transmission losses depend on the thermal resistance of the building envelope, and standard calculation methods can overestimate them by 17–51 %. It was found that with an increase in wind speed up to 20 m/s, heat losses grow by 20–30 %, which confirms the necessity of accounting for mixed convection regimes. Comparing the obtained experimental data with the calculation results allowed for the evaluation of errors in existing regulatory methods and the refinement of calculation approaches for determining heat losses. This study confirms the need to improve building heat loss assessment methods, considering the specific air permeability of materials. The results of this research can be used to improve methods for the energy analysis of buildings, develop more effective strategies for the thermal modernization of the building stock, and create scientifically-based recommendations for reducing energy consumption.