SELF-HEALING OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INTELLIGENT LOCAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
With the increase in the power grid capacities of renewable sources of energy (RSE) and the implementation of measures and means to compensate for the dependence of their generation on natural conditions, the role and importance of RSE in electric power systems (EPS) is changing. RSE are real opport...
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| Дата: | 2025 |
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Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
2025
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Репозитарії
Vidnovluvana energetika| _version_ | 1871103851269980160 |
|---|---|
| author | Hunko , I. Kudrya , S. Lezhniuk , P. Nikitorovych , E. |
| author_facet | Hunko , I. Kudrya , S. Lezhniuk , P. Nikitorovych , E. |
| author_institution_txt_mv | [
{
"author": "I. Hunko ",
"institution": "Institute of Renewable Energy NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine."
},
{
"author": "S. Kudrya ",
"institution": "Institute of Renewable Energy NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine."
},
{
"author": "P. Lezhniuk ",
"institution": "Institute of Renewable Energy NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine; "
},
{
"author": "E. Nikitorovych ",
"institution": "Vinnytsia National Technical University, Vinnytsia, Ukraine."
}
] |
| author_sort | Hunko , I. |
| baseUrl_str | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/oai |
| collection | OJS |
| datestamp_date | 2026-07-18T06:32:21Z |
| description | With the increase in the power grid capacities of renewable sources of energy (RSE) and the implementation of measures and means to compensate for the dependence of their generation on natural conditions, the role and importance of RSE in electric power systems (EPS) is changing. RSE are real opportunity to decentralize electricity generation and provide power supply systems with a reliable source of energy. It is shown that it is advisable to do this in the form of local electric power systems (LEPS), which operate in normal modes in parallel with the EPS as balancing groups, and in extreme conditions are able to operate in isolation in an autonomous mode. To ensure the reliability and quality of electricity supply to electricity consumers in to LEPS offered to integrate RSE and energy storage systems (ESS) in the form of separate microgrid (MG). To ensure technical and economic efficiency, MGs are combined into an intelligent control system based on SMART Grid principles. This allows for more rational use of MG resources, effective interaction with the distribution grid, and the use of EES as RSE reserve in the process of balancing the LEPS. The research offers a hierarchical structure of the intellectual system of LEPS as consisting of individual agents designed to respond to the variable current states of the LEPS and form collective actions to ensure reliable power supply to consumers. Autonomous agents make control decisions and form a multiagent system. LEPS with intelligent electric grids structured in this way can avoid losing renewable sources of energy during centralized power supply constraints and fully use their advantages together with energy storage systems to ensure reliable power supply to consumers. Ref. 17. Fig.4.  |
| doi_str_mv | 10.36296/1819-8058.2025.1(80).6-12 |
| first_indexed | 2025-07-17T11:39:48Z |
| format | Article |
| fulltext |
6
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2025 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
УДК 621.311 https://doi.org/10.36296/1819-8058.2025.1(80)6-12
SELF-HEALING OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INTELLIGENT LOCAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM BASED
ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY
Received Dec. 04, 2024; accepted Mar. 14, 2025
Available online Apr. 01, 2025
Hunko I.1, Kudrya S.2, Lezhniuk P.3,
Nikitorovych Ie.4
Author for correspondence: Hunko Iryna,
e-mail: iryna_hunko@ukr.net
With the increase in the power grid capacities of renewable
sources of energy (RSE) and the implementation of measures and
means to compensate for the dependence of their generation on
natural conditions, the role and importance of RSE in electric
power systems (EPS) is changing. RSE are real opportunity to
decentralize electricity generation and provide power supply
systems with a reliable source of energy. It is shown that it is
advisable to do this in the form of local electric power systems
(LEPS), which operate in normal modes in parallel with the EPS as
balancing groups, and in extreme conditions are able to operate in isolation in an autonomous mode. To ensure
the reliability and quality of electricity supply to electricity consumers in to LEPS offered to integrate RSE and
energy storage systems (ESS) in the form of separate microgrid (MG). To ensure technical and economic efficiency,
MGs are combined into an intelligent control system based on SMART Grid principles. This allows for more rational
use of MG resources, effective interaction with the distribution grid, and the use of EES as RSE reserve in the
process of balancing the LEPS. The research offers a hierarchical structure of the intellectual system of LEPS as
consisting of individual agents designed to respond to the variable current states of the LEPS and form collective
actions to ensure reliable power supply to consumers. Autonomous agents make control decisions and form a
multiagent system. LEPS with intelligent electric grids structured in this way can avoid losing renewable sources
of energy during centralized power supply constraints and fully use their advantages together with energy storage
systems to ensure reliable power supply to consumers. Ref. 17. Fig.4.
Кеy words: local electric power systems, autonomous mode, renewable sources of energy, intelligent control
system.
САМОВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ В ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІЙ ЛОКАЛЬНІЙ
ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНІЙ СИСТЕМІ, СФОРМОВАНІЙ НА ОСНОВІ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ
ЕНЕРГІЇ
Отримано 04 груд. 2024 р.; рекомендовано до публікації 14 бер. 2025 р.
Доступно онлайн 01 квіт. 2025 р.
Гунько І. О.1, Кудря С. О.2,
Лежнюк П. Д.3, Нікіторович Є. О.4
Автор для кореспонденції: Гунько Ірина,
e-mail: iryna_hunko@ukr.net
Зі збільшенням в електричних мережах енергосистем по-
тужності відновлюваних джерел енергії (ВДЕ) та впрова-
дженням способів і засобів компенсації залежності їх гене-
рування від природних умов змінюється їх роль і значення
в електроенергетичних системах (ЕЕС). ВДЕ є реальною
1 PhD, Assoc. Prof.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-4056
2 Сorresponding member of NAS of Ukraine,
Dr. of Techn. Science, Prof.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-6853
3 Dr. of Techn. Science, Prof.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-3553
4 Postgraduate student
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-3553
1, 2, 3 Institute of Renewable Energy NAS of
Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.
3, 4 Vinnytsia National Technical University,
Vinnytsia, Ukraine.
1 канд. техн. наук, доцент
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-4056
2 чл.-кор. НАН України, д-р техн. наук,
проф.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-6853
3д-р. техн. наук, проф.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-3553
4 аспірант
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-3553
Інститут відновлюваної енергетики НАН Ук-
раїни, м. Київ, Україна.
Вінницький національний технічний уні-
верситет, м. Вінниця, Україна.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-4056
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-6853
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-3553
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-3553
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2868-4056
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4798-6853
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-3553
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-3553
7
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2025 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
можливістю децентралізувати генерування електроене-
ргії й забезпечити системи електропостачання надійним
джерелом енергії. Показано, що це доцільно робити у фо-
рмі локальних електроенергетичних систем (ЛЕС), які
працюють в нормальних режимах паралельно з ЕЕС як ба-
лансувальні групи, а в екстремальних випадках здатні працювати ізольовано в автономному режимі.
Для забезпечення надійності та якості електропостачання споживачів електроенергії в ЛЕС пропо-
нується інтегрувати ВДЕ та системи накопичення і зберігання енергії (СЗЕ) у вигляді окремих
microgrid (MG). Для забезпечення техніко-економічної ефективності MG об’єднуються в інтелектуа-
льну систему керування на принципах SMART Grid. Це дозволяє раціональніше використовувати ресу-
рси MG, ефективно взаємодіяти з розподільчою мережею і задіяти можливості СЗЕ як резерву ВДЕ в
процесі балансування режиму ЛЕС. У роботі запропоновано ієрархічну структуру інтелектуальної си-
стеми ЛЕС як таку, що складається з окремих агентів, призначених реагувати на змінні поточні
стани ЛЕС і формувати колективні дії для забезпечення надійного електропостачання споживачів.
Автономні агенти приймають рішення з керування і складають мультиагентну систему. Структу-
ровані в такий спосіб ЛЕС з інтелектуальними електричними мережами можуть під час обмеження
централізованого електрозабезпечення не втрачати ВДЕ, а повною мірою використовувати їх пере-
ваги разом з системами накопичення і зберігання енергії для надійного електропостачання спожива-
чів. Бібл. 17. Рис. 4.
Ключові слова: локальні електроенергетичні системи, автономний режим, відновлювані дже-рела
енергії, інтелектуальна система керування.
List of Abbreviations and Symbols
DSO – distribution system operator
EPS – electric power system
ESS – energy storage system
ECD – electrochemical storage device
LEPS – local electric power systems
PVPP – photovoltaic power plants
RSE – renewable sources of energy
WPP – wind power plant
Introduction and formulation of the problem. With the
development of renewable sources of energy (RSE) in the
power grids of electric power systems (EPS) and decentral-
ization of generation, it has become possible, and to some
extent necessary, to organize local electric power systems
(LEPS) based on RSE. LEPS can operate in parallel with the
EPS as a separate balancing group, consuming or generat-
ing electricity into the system. Under certain conditions,
based on economic interests or due to an extreme condi-
tion in the EPS, LEPS can operate autonomously as an iso-
lated intelligent system [1-3]. At the level of the power
generation and distribution system, a LEPS is considered
as a set of microgrids, which are a group of interconnected
loads and distributed generation facilities, including
mainly renewable sources of energy [4, 5].
Similar problems and tasks arise in the local electric power
system as in the EPS: mode balancing, frequency and volt-
age regulation, reduction of power losses and improve-
ment of power quality, improvement of power supply re-
liability by reducing SAIFI and SAIDI. Modern LEPS are
formed on the basis of renewable sources, the largest part
of which is photovoltaic and wind power plants (PVPP and
WPP). Since the generation of electricity by PVPP and
WPPs depends on weather conditions, power storage sys-
tems are forced to reduce the unbalance that can be
caused by their variable generation. In one way or
another, all of these factors affect the modes of operation
of LEPS and the quality of electricity supply to consumers.
The increase in electricity generated by RES in the EPS
causes more frequent and significant power fluctuations
in the system and increases its operational risks. Opera-
tional dispatching has little chance of coping with genera-
tion instability. Often, the operator's actions, depending
on the state of the power system - surplus or deficit of
electricity - are reduced to limiting the generation of elec-
tricity from RES or reducing consumer load. This problem
can be solved in the interests of both the electricity pro-
ducer and the consumer if the LEPS is equipped with direct
and reverse power conversion technologies. Surplus elec-
tricity after balancing can, for example, be stored in the
form of energy from electrochemical storage devices
(ECDs) or hydrogen produced as a result of electrolysis.
The reverse process of returning electricity to the LEPS is
carried out as needed, usually in the morning and evening
peak load conditions or during emergencies. It is not pos-
sible for an electricity distribution system operator (DSO)
to effectively manage such a complex process of electricity
generation, transmission, distribution and conversion in
order to balance the system mode reliably and without
losses. Today, technologies developed on the principles of
SMART Grid successfully cope with this problem [6-8]. The
concept of an intelligent system provides greater opportu-
nities for monitoring and controlling power system
1, 2, 3 Інститут відновлюваної енергетики
НАН України, м. Київ, Україна.
3, 4 Вінницький національний технічний уні-
верситет, м. Вінниця, Україна.
8
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2025 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
components, as well as increasing the reliability, quality
and efficiency of electricity supply to consumers. A key
characteristic of an intelligent system is self-healing, which
is defined as the ability of electricity distribution systems
to automatically recover from failures [9]. Self-healing is
an important feature of smart distribution systems that
minimizes the impact of extreme events and automatically
restores load during such incidents [10]. The self-healing
system uses various modern methods to ensure stable, re-
liable and safe power supply at consumer facilities [11,
12]. Nevertheless, the implementation of self-healing con-
trol methods and their corresponding efficient operations
remains a challenge for local electric power systems.
The goal of the article is to justify the conditions for self-
healing of power supply in a local electric power system
with renewable sources of energy and an intelligent con-
trol system.
Local electric power system with microgrid as an intelli-
gent system. To study the problem of self-healing of
power supply, consider the LEPS as a balancing group,
which is shown in Fig. 1. A LEPS is considered as a part of
the EPS with the possibility of centralized power supply, as
well as with its own energy sources. A LEPS is formed on
the basis of renewable sources of energy (PVPP, WPP) and
is equipped with a system of power conversion and stor-
age devices (ESS) to maintain the balance of electricity in
it. The balance of electricity in the LEPS shown in Fig. 1, is
recorded in the balancing group:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 0
EPS RSE ESS con
ac
P t P t P t P t
P t P t
+ − −
− − =
, (1)
where ( )EPSP t – power from EPS; ( )RSEP t – power
of RSE; ( )ESSP t – power of ESS; ( )conP t – power of elec-
tricity consumers operating on their schedule; ( )асP t –
capacity of active consumers operating on an adjusted
schedule; ( )P t – technological costs in electric grid of
LEPS.
The balancing of the LEPS modes, including the LEPS as a
part of it, is carried out according to hourly load and gen-
eration schedules, which are forecasted for the day ahead
and can be adjusted during the current day [13]. If an hour
is taken as a time interval, then the following electricity
values are typical for a LEPS:
– ( )
24
1
Δ
iL L
i
W t P t
=
= – electricity of the total load, includ-
ing losses;
– ( )Δ
к
j
п
t
RSE RSE
j t
W t P t
=
= – electricity generated by RSE,
where startt , endt are the start and end time of genera-
tion;
– ( ) ( )
2 2
1 1
Δ Δ
j i
t t
ESS RSE L
j t j t
W t P t t P t
= =
= − – surplus electric-
ity in the LEPS, which can be transferred to the energy
storage system or to the EPS;
– Δ
unbal L RSE
W W W W= − + – electricity that needs to be
taken for the balance in the LEPS from ESS, EPS or energy
sources with available maneuverable power.
If a LEPS consists of electricity consumers with different
characteristics (different reliability categories, power
quality requirements, etc.), as well as electricity sources
that differ in their operating principle and technical char-
acteristics, it is logical to represent them as multi-mi-
crogrid [5]. For such LEPS, various control schemes are
possible: centralized, distributed, hierarchical and MAS-
based management scheme [6]. For a LEPS that imple-
ments an intelligent self-healing power supply system, a
multi-component hierarchical MAS control system is pro-
posed (see Fig. 2) [8].
In Fig. 2, at the upper level, the local agent LEPS A is an ele-
ment of the lower level of the electricity distribution system
operator (DSO). When operating in parallel with the EPS at
this level, the LEPS A performs the functions of a balancing
group within the power system, coordinating its actions
with the DSO. The main task is to forecast the generation
and consumption of electricity in the LEPS and to exchange
electricity with the EPS. For this purpose, a database is
formed through requests for information from the mi-
crogrid middle agents MG A and MG Ai. MGA to determine
the technical resource and the degree of readiness of ma-
noeuvrable power facilities and MG Ai as agents that unite
separate groups of RSE, ESS and electricity consumers.
Fig. 1. Local electric power system as part of the EPS
9
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2025 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
Fig. 2. The hierarchical structure of the intelligent system of LEPS
The MGA agent is the agent through which, if necessary,
the services of the EPS are implemented to balance the
LEPS. The MGA, through the LESA, coordinates the energy
storage systems deployed in the microgrid of the LEPS,
and assesses the availability of the managed distributed
energy sources for intraday generation correction at the
command of the LESA. It manages the common EES by
maintaining frequency and also manages reactive power
sources by maintaining voltage. MGAi agents are mi-
crogrid agents that are responsible for communicating
with their agents at the technical level: PVPP, active con-
sumer, inactive consumer, local ESS. It optimises technical
and economic parameters based on data from local agents
and downloads the result of optimisation of the respective
microgrid zone (power surplus/deficit, energy storage
state, active consumer capabilities). Each agent is respon-
sible for communication to download relevant data and
receive operating commands and interact with each
other. With a direct connection to the equipment, it func-
tions as a distributed control system where each agent
performs its functions independently but can interact with
other agents for coordination.
When LEPS is separated from the EPS, the tasks and es-
sence of the functions to be performed automatically by
the intelligent system change. The LESA is responsible for
internal power and electricity balancing and maintaining
the technical and economic indicators of the power supply
system within acceptable values. This primarily concerns
the maintenance of the frequency and voltage on the con-
sumer buses in the LEPS. This is done through the collec-
tive actions of middle and technical level agents by issuing
appropriate operating commands to these agents. Opti-
mal control of active consumers within the limits of power
consumption WESS [8] is carried out, as well as limiting, if
necessary, the power of inactive consumers.
There are two possible options for setting LEPS to isolated
operation: forced, when the power grid loses voltage for
some reason, or in normal mode, when the LEPS is discon-
nected at the initiative of the DSO or LEPS A. In these
cases, commands are sent to the MGA according to the
intelligent system software and the LEPS is switched to of-
fline mode. When connecting the LEPS to the EPS, all pro-
cedures related to the synchronisation of the two power
grids are performed before sending a command to the
circuit breaker. These tasks are a function of the intelli-
gent system, which is commonly referred to as self-healing
of the power supply [14].
Self-healing of power supply in LEPS. Self-healing is the
ability of power systems to automatically recover from
failures [15]. Self-healing is potentially the most important
function of smart electricity distribution systems, which
helps to minimise the impact of extreme conditions and
automatically reconnect disturbed loads. As an element of
the Smart Grid, self-healing is based on the functions of
two-way communications in the grid, distance monitoring
and self-diagnosis of equipment, standards for preventing
the development of systemic failures, controlling power
flows and voltage, etc. [16]. The concept of an intelligent
system provides more opportunities for managing and
controlling power system components, as well as increas-
ing the reliability, resilience and efficiency of the power
system. Self-healing is an important feature of smart dis-
tribution systems that minimises the impact of extreme
events and automatically restores power supply during
such incidents [17].
The principle of operation of the self-healing system dur-
ing forced LEPS failures includes detection, isolation and
restoration of power supply. The power supply is restored
automatically during emergencies through effective mon-
itoring and decision-making without the intervention of
operational personnel, which significantly reduces SAIFI.
Depending on the balance of power generation and con-
sumption, LEPS can be fully or partially restored to the
power supply.
During the operation of a LEPS, two typical cases are pos-
sible that require the use of the self-healing function of an
intelligent system: LEPS loses connection with the EPS and
is forced to switch to autonomous mode; emergencies oc-
cur within the LEPS it self, which are self-limited and, de-
pending on their severity, can lead to disconnection from
the EPS grid or not.
Fig. 3 shows the first case, when, for example, an extreme
situation occurs in the EPS and the voltage source for the
LEPS is lost. In this case, a transient mode is installed in the
LEPS, in which consumers with autonomous power supply
and power sources of the ESS type remain in operation,
which are permanently connected to the power grid and
10
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2025 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
are in or automatically switched from the ‘charge’ to the
‘discharge’ mode. Actions to self-healing power supply
begin with an assessment of the real unbalance of electric-
ity ( )unbalP t in the LEPS:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
RSE ESS MGA con
ас unbal
P t P t P t P t
P t P t P t
+ + − −
− − =
, (2)
where ( )RSEP t is the power that, according to the ad-
justed forecasted generation schedule, all RES in the RSE
can generate, starting from the time of disconnection
from the EPS t; ( )ESSP t is the total capacity of the ESS of
all microgrid MGAi at time t; ( )MGAP t - is the power that
the local agent of the LEPS A can use from the
manoeuvrable power resources of the MGA to maintain
the frequency in the isolated LEPS for time t and later;
( ), ( ), ( )con асP t P t P t – electricity consumption in LEPS.
Depending on the value of the unbalance ( )unbalP t , the
software tools of the intelligent system generate a sched-
ule of electricity consumption in the LEPS. First, consum-
ers are selected that must operate according to their nor-
mal load schedules for the reliability of power supply. The
remaining consumers are divided into two groups: con-
sumers that may be temporarily disconnected during an
emergency; consumers that allow temporary interrup-
tions in power supply and, under certain conditions, may
be used to maintain the frequency in the LEPS (tertiary
regulation).
Fig. 3. Self-healing of power supply in LEPS in case of loss of connection with EPS
Primary and secondary frequency regulation is carried out
by sources from RSE and centralised ESS. ESS in individual
microgrids are advisable to use to cover their own load.
Active consumers are also used to balance the LEPS mode.
In this case, the power balance in the recovered LEPS
mode is as follows:
'( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 0
RSE ESS f con сonf
ас
P t P t P t P t P t
P t P t
+ + − − −
− −
, (3)
where ( )fP t is power allocated from regulated RSE and
ESS to regulate power and frequency in LEPS; ' ( )conP t is
power of electricity consumers who continue to operate
according to their normal load schedules; ( )con fP t is
power of electricity consumers that may be at risk of in-
terruptions in power supply and can be used to maintain
the frequency in LEPS.
When the voltage is recovered from the EPS, the LEPS is
connected to the system with the permission of the DSO.
To do this, the necessary actions are taken, which mainly
consist of levelling the voltage on the LEPS buses, and the
LEPS is synchronised with the EPS. Normal operation is re-
covered for consumers and power generation sources.
In Fig. 4 shows another case of self-recovery of power sup-
ply, when emergencies occur directly in the LEPS. Two sce-
narios are possible: LEPS is connected to the EPS and the
malfunction in it did not result in the operation of relay
protection in the EPS, the LEPS remained in parallel with
the EPS; the emergency led to disconnection from the EPS.
In the latter case, the algorithm of actions is similar to the
case (see Fig. 3), when the power supply in LEPS is recov-
ered as in the case of loss of connection with the EPS. The
difference is that first, the relay protection and automa-
tion systems localise the damaged part of the power grid.
The transient mode of LEPS is installed.
If the connection to LEPS is maintained, the first stage of
the self-healing operations should be fault detection in or-
der to avoid the adverse impact of abnormal events as
soon as possible and to reduce losses to electricity con-
sumers. The next stage of the self-healing process after
fault detection is fault isolation. The fault is isolated by
switching off the circuit breakers and disconnecting the
damaged section. The isolation operation identifies the
root cause of the fault and its location. By reconfiguring
the power grid, we minimise power supply disruptions to
consumers. If there are power sources in the isolated grid
segment, their capacity is compensated either by reserve
power LEPS or by paid services of the EPS. In the recov-
ered mode, the following power balance is installed:
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) 0
EPS RSE ESS con
ас
P t P t P t P t
P t P t
+ + − −
− −
. (4)
In the recovered mode, the load of consumers may remain
unchanged or decrease depending on the unbalance
( )unbalP t in LEPS. The load schedule of active consumers
is adjusted accordingly.
All actions for the self-healing of power supply are per-
formed in the intellectual system of LEPS. Algorithms of
actions of the function are achieved by control actions to
change the configuration of the power grid by optimal
11
Відновлювана енергетика. №1/2025 | Комплексні проблеми енергетичних систем на основі НВДЕ
switching. The power supply system recovering strategy is
based on graph theory. The grid is reconfigured to mini-
mise the number of switching operations. To reduce the
number of switching operations, the power supply to
loads and generation of electricity sources is restored
structurally through microgrids. After the faults are fixed,
actions are taken to recovery generation and power con-
sumption of the localised part of the LEPS and normal op-
eration is installed.
Fig. 4. Self-healing of power supply in LEPS due to emergency situations in it
Conclusions
With the development of renewable sources of energy and
the implementation of means and measures that turn RSE
into guaranteed sources of electricity, it has become possi-
ble to decentralize electricity generation and supply to
power supply systems. It is possible and expedient to do
this in the form of local electric power systems that can op-
erate in parallel with the EPS as a separate balancing group
or, if necessary, in isolation in an autonomous mode.
To improve the energy efficiency of LEPS, it is advisable to
control its modes in the form of an intelligent system. An
intelligent system of LEPS is built as a hierarchical structure
that realizes the control of individual microgrid. As aggre-
gated microgrids, these have own energy sources, energy
storage systems, passive and active electricity consumers,
and local automation. The task of the LEPS intelligent sys-
tem is to ensure its operation in parallel with the EPS as a
balancing group and in isolation in an autonomous mode.
In autonomous mode, the system is controlled in cases
when the LEPS has lost connection with the EPS and when
emergency conditions arise in the LEPS directly. In all cases,
the intelligent system ensures self-healing of power gener-
ation and reliable power supply to consumers.
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|
| id | veorgua-article-500 |
| institution | Vidnovluvana energetika |
| keywords_txt_mv | keywords |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2026-07-19T01:14:46Z |
| publishDate | 2025 |
| publisher | Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine |
| record_format | ojs |
| resource_txt_mv | veorgua/c7/9575f3024926192172cfa18f29575ec7.pdf |
| spelling | veorgua-article-5002026-07-18T06:32:21Z SELF-HEALING OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INTELLIGENT LOCAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY САМОВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ В ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІЙ ЛОКАЛЬНІЙ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНІЙ СИСТЕМІ, СФОРМОВАНІЙ НА ОСНОВІ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ Hunko , I. Kudrya , S. Lezhniuk , P. Nikitorovych , E. local electric power systems, autonomous mode, renewable sources of energy, intelligent control system. локальні електроенергетичні системи, автономний режим, відновлювані дже-рела енергії, інтелектуальна система керування. With the increase in the power grid capacities of renewable sources of energy (RSE) and the implementation of measures and means to compensate for the dependence of their generation on natural conditions, the role and importance of RSE in electric power systems (EPS) is changing. RSE are real opportunity to decentralize electricity generation and provide power supply systems with a reliable source of energy. It is shown that it is advisable to do this in the form of local electric power systems (LEPS), which operate in normal modes in parallel with the EPS as balancing groups, and in extreme conditions are able to operate in isolation in an autonomous mode. To ensure the reliability and quality of electricity supply to electricity consumers in to LEPS offered to integrate RSE and energy storage systems (ESS) in the form of separate microgrid (MG). To ensure technical and economic efficiency, MGs are combined into an intelligent control system based on SMART Grid principles. This allows for more rational use of MG resources, effective interaction with the distribution grid, and the use of EES as RSE reserve in the process of balancing the LEPS. The research offers a hierarchical structure of the intellectual system of LEPS as consisting of individual agents designed to respond to the variable current states of the LEPS and form collective actions to ensure reliable power supply to consumers. Autonomous agents make control decisions and form a multiagent system. LEPS with intelligent electric grids structured in this way can avoid losing renewable sources of energy during centralized power supply constraints and fully use their advantages together with energy storage systems to ensure reliable power supply to consumers. Ref. 17. Fig.4.  Зі збільшенням в електричних мережах енергосистем потужності відновлюваних джерел енергії (ВДЕ) та впровадженням способів і засобів компенсації залежності їх генерування від природних умов змінюється їх роль і значення в електроенергетичних системах (ЕЕС). ВДЕ є реальною можливістю децентралізувати генерування електроенергії й забезпечити системи електропостачання надійним джерелом енергії. Показано, що це доцільно робити у формі локальних електроенергетичних систем (ЛЕС), які працюють в нормальних режимах паралельно з ЕЕС як балансувальні групи, а в екстремальних випадках здатні працювати ізольовано в автономному режимі. Для забезпечення надійності та якості електропостачання споживачів електроенергії в ЛЕС пропонується інтегрувати ВДЕ та системи накопичення і зберігання енергії (СЗЕ) у вигляді окремих microgrid (MG). Для забезпечення техніко-економічної ефективності MG об’єднуються в інтелектуальну систему керування на принципах SMART Grid. Це дозволяє раціональніше використовувати ресурси MG, ефективно взаємодіяти з розподільчою мережею і задіяти можливості СЗЕ як резерву ВДЕ в процесі балансування режиму ЛЕС. У роботі запропоновано ієрархічну структуру інтелектуальної системи ЛЕС як таку, що складається з окремих агентів, призначених реагувати на змінні поточні стани ЛЕС і формувати колективні дії для забезпечення надійного електропостачання споживачів. Автономні агенти приймають рішення з керування і складають мультиагентну систему. Структуровані в такий спосіб ЛЕС з інтелектуальними електричними мережами можуть під час обмеження централізованого електрозабезпечення не втрачати ВДЕ, а повною мірою використовувати їх переваги разом з системами накопичення і зберігання енергії для надійного електропостачання споживачів. Бібл. 17. Рис. 4. Institute of Renewable Energy National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2025-03-31 Article Article application/pdf https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/500 10.36296/1819-8058.2025.1(80).6-12 Vidnovluvana energetika ; No. 1(80) (2025): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 6-12 Возобновляемая энергетика; ##issue.no## 1(80) (2025): Scientific and applied Journal renewable energy ; 6-12 Відновлювана енергетика; № 1(80) (2025): Науково-прикладний журнал Відновлювана енергетика; 6-12 2664-8172 1819-8058 10.36296/1819-8058.2025.1(80) en https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/500/409 Copyright (c) 2025 I. Hunko , S. Kudrya , P. Lezhniuk , E. Nikitorovych https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 |
| spellingShingle | local electric power systems autonomous mode renewable sources of energy intelligent control system. Hunko , I. Kudrya , S. Lezhniuk , P. Nikitorovych , E. SELF-HEALING OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INTELLIGENT LOCAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY |
| title | SELF-HEALING OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INTELLIGENT LOCAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY |
| title_alt | САМОВІДНОВЛЕННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОПОСТАЧАННЯ В ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНІЙ ЛОКАЛЬНІЙ ЕЛЕКТРОЕНЕРГЕТИЧНІЙ СИСТЕМІ, СФОРМОВАНІЙ НА ОСНОВІ ВІДНОВЛЮВАНИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ ЕНЕРГІЇ |
| title_full | SELF-HEALING OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INTELLIGENT LOCAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY |
| title_fullStr | SELF-HEALING OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INTELLIGENT LOCAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY |
| title_full_unstemmed | SELF-HEALING OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INTELLIGENT LOCAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY |
| title_short | SELF-HEALING OF ELECTRICITY SUPPLY IN INTELLIGENT LOCAL ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM BASED ON RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY |
| title_sort | self-healing of electricity supply in intelligent local electric power system based on renewable sources of energy |
| topic | local electric power systems autonomous mode renewable sources of energy intelligent control system. |
| topic_facet | local electric power systems autonomous mode renewable sources of energy intelligent control system. локальні електроенергетичні системи автономний режим відновлювані дже-рела енергії інтелектуальна система керування. |
| url | https://ve.org.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/500 |
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